A large smattering of updates.

- Added basic animation support, via NSAnimationContext proxy objects.
  These can be used to animate layout constraints and alpha values,
  currently.

- Fixed a bug in ListView where the underlying NSTableView would not
  redraw the full correct virtual height in some conditions.

- Added safe layout guide support to some views.

- Added a new trait to buffer ObjC object access for view and control
  types. This is the supertrait of the Layout and Control traits.

- Added a Control trait, which implements various NSControl pieces.

- Added a Select control, which is a Select-ish HTML dropdown lookalike.

- Added NSURL support, which is one of the few types to expose here.

- Filesystem and pasteboard types now work with NSURLs. Users who need
  pathbufs can use the provided conversion method on NSURL.

- Fixed a bug where some Window and ViewController types could wind up
  in a double-init scenario.

Cargo.toml

@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ block = "0.1.6"
 core-foundation = { version = "0.9", features = ["with-chrono"] }
 core-graphics = "0.22"
 dispatch = "0.2.0"
+infer = { version = "0.4", optional = true }
 lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 libc = "0.2"
 objc = "0.2.7"
 objc_id = "0.1.1"
 os_info = "3.0.1"
-uuid = { version = "0.8", features = ["v4"], optional = true }
 url = "2.1.1"
-infer = { version = "0.4", optional = true }
+uuid = { version = "0.8", features = ["v4"], optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 eval = "0.4"

src/appkit/animation.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+use block::ConcreteBlock;
+use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
+
+use crate::foundation::id;
+
+/// A very, very basic wrapper around NSAnimationContext. 100% subject to change.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct AnimationContext(id);
+
+impl AnimationContext {
+    /// Wraps an NSAnimationContext pointer.
+    pub fn new(ctx: id) -> Self {
+        Self(ctx)
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the animation duration.
+    pub fn set_duration(&mut self, duration: f64) {
+        unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![self.0, setDuration:duration];
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /// Pass it a block, and the changes in that block will be animated, provided they're
+    /// properties that support animation.
+    ///
+    /// [https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsanimationcontext?language=objc]
+    ///
+    /// For more information, you should consult the documentation for NSAnimationContext, then skim
+    /// the supported methods here.
+    pub fn run<F>(animation: F)
+    where
+        F: Fn(&mut AnimationContext) + Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+        let block = ConcreteBlock::new(move |ctx| {
+            let mut context = AnimationContext(ctx);
+            animation(&mut context);
+        });
+        let block = block.copy();
+
+        unsafe {
+            //let context: id = msg_send![class!(NSAnimationContext), currentContext];
+            let _: () = msg_send![class!(NSAnimationContext), runAnimationGroup:block];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Pass it a block, and the changes in that block will be animated, provided they're
+    /// properties that support animation.
+    ///
+    /// [https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsanimationcontext?language=objc]
+    ///
+    /// For more information, you should consult the documentation for NSAnimationContext, then skim
+    /// the supported methods here.
+    pub fn run_with_completion_handler<F, C>(animation: F, completion_handler: C)
+    where
+        F: Fn(&mut AnimationContext) + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        C: Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static
+    {
+        let block = ConcreteBlock::new(move |ctx| {
+            let mut context = AnimationContext(ctx);
+            animation(&mut context);
+        });
+        let block = block.copy();
+
+        let completion_block = ConcreteBlock::new(completion_handler);
+        let completion_block = completion_block.copy();
+
+        unsafe {
+            //let context: id = msg_send![class!(NSAnimationContext), currentContext];
+            let _: () = msg_send![class!(NSAnimationContext), runAnimationGroup:block 
+                completionHandler:completion_block];
+        }
+    }
+}

src/appkit/app/mod.rs

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ use crate::appkit::menu::Menu;
 use crate::notification_center::Dispatcher;
 use crate::utils::activate_cocoa_multithreading;
 
+//use crate::bundle::set_bundle_id;
+
 mod class;
 use class::register_app_class;
 
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ impl<T> App<T> where T: AppDelegate + 'static {
     /// policies), injects an `NSObject` delegate wrapper, and retains everything on the
     /// Objective-C side of things.
     pub fn new(_bundle_id: &str, delegate: T) -> Self {
-        // set_bundle_id(bundle_id);
+        //set_bundle_id(bundle_id);
         
         activate_cocoa_multithreading();
         

src/appkit/mod.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 mod alert;
 pub use alert::Alert;
 
+mod animation;
+pub use animation::AnimationContext;
+
 mod app;
 pub use app::*;
 

src/appkit/toolbar/mod.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub use traits::ToolbarDelegate;
 mod enums;
 pub use enums::{ToolbarDisplayMode, ToolbarSizeMode, ItemIdentifier};
 
-pub(crate) static TOOLBAR_PTR: &str = "rstToolbarPtr";
+pub(crate) static TOOLBAR_PTR: &str = "cacaoToolbarPtr";
 
 /// A wrapper for `NSToolbar`. Holds (retains) pointers for the Objective-C runtime 
 /// where our `NSToolbar` and associated delegate live.
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl<T> Toolbar<T> where T: ToolbarDelegate + 'static {
             (ShareId::from_ptr(toolbar), ShareId::from_ptr(objc_delegate))
         };
 
-        &mut delegate.did_load(Toolbar {
+        let _ret = &mut delegate.did_load(Toolbar {
             objc: objc.clone(),
             objc_delegate: objc_delegate.clone(),
             identifier: identifier.clone(),

src/appkit/window/controller/mod.rs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl<T> WindowController<T> where T: WindowDelegate + 'static {
     /// Allocates and configures an `NSWindowController` in the Objective-C/Cocoa runtime that maps over
     /// to your supplied delegate.
     pub fn with(config: WindowConfig, delegate: T) -> Self {
-        let mut window = Window::with(config, delegate);
+        let window = Window::with(config, delegate);
 
         let objc = unsafe {
             let window_controller_class = register_window_controller_class::<T>();
@@ -69,13 +69,6 @@ impl<T> WindowController<T> where T: WindowDelegate + 'static {
             Id::from_ptr(controller)
         };
 
-        if let Some(delegate) = &mut window.delegate {
-            (*delegate).did_load(Window {
-                delegate: None,
-                objc: window.objc.clone()
-            });
-        }
-
         WindowController { objc, window }
     }
 

src/appkit/window/mod.rs

@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl, class};
 use objc::runtime::Object;
 use objc_id::ShareId;
 
+use crate::appkit::toolbar::{Toolbar, ToolbarDelegate};
 use crate::color::Color;
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, to_bool, YES, NO, NSString, NSInteger, NSUInteger};
-use crate::layout::traits::Layout;
-use crate::appkit::toolbar::{Toolbar, ToolbarDelegate};
+use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::utils::{os, Controller};
 
 mod class;
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ impl<T> Window<T> {
 
     /// Given a view, sets it as the content view for this window.
     pub fn set_content_view<L: Layout + 'static>(&self, view: &L) {
-        view.with_backing_node(|backing_node| unsafe {
+        view.with_backing_obj_mut(|backing_node| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![&*self.objc, setContentView:&*backing_node];
         });
     }
@@ -446,6 +447,7 @@ impl<T> Window<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Sets the separator style for this window.
     pub fn set_titlebar_separator_style(&self, style: crate::foundation::NSInteger) {
         unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![&*self.objc, setTitlebarSeparatorStyle:style];

src/bundle.rs

@@ -66,9 +66,7 @@ extern fn get_bundle_id(this: &Object, s: Sel, v: id) -> id {
             let url: id = msg_send![main_bundle, bundleURL];
             let x: id = msg_send![url, absoluteString];
             println!("Got here? {:?}", x);
-            unsafe {
-                NSString::alloc(nil).init_str("com.secretkeys.subatomic")
-            }
+            NSString::new("com.test.user_notifications").into()
         } else {
             msg_send![this, __bundleIdentifier]
         }

src/button/mod.rs

@@ -29,10 +29,13 @@ use objc::runtime::{Class, Object, Sel};
 use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 
 use crate::color::Color;
+use crate::control::Control;
 use crate::image::Image;
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, BOOL, YES, NO, NSString, NSUInteger};
 use crate::invoker::TargetActionHandler;
+use crate::keys::Key;
 use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::text::{AttributedString, Font};
 use crate::utils::{load, properties::ObjcProperty};
 
@@ -213,11 +216,21 @@ impl Button {
 
     /// Set a key to be bound to this button. When the key is pressed, the action coupled to this
     /// button will fire.
-    pub fn set_key_equivalent(&self, key: &str) {
-        let key = NSString::new(key);
+    pub fn set_key_equivalent<'a, K>(&self, key: K)
+    where
+        K: Into<Key<'a>>
+    {
+        let key: Key<'a> = key.into();
 
-        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
-            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setKeyEquivalent:&*key];
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| {
+            let keychar = match key {
+                Key::Char(s) => NSString::new(s),
+                Key::Delete => NSString::new("\u{08}")
+            };
+            
+            unsafe {
+                let _: () = msg_send![obj, setKeyEquivalent:&*keychar];
+            }
         });
     }
 
@@ -281,26 +294,32 @@ impl Button {
     }
 }
 
-impl Layout for Button {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl ObjcAccess for Button {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
 }
 
-impl Layout for &Button {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl Layout for Button {}
+impl Control for Button {}
+
+impl ObjcAccess for &Button {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
 }
 
+impl Layout for &Button {}
+impl Control for &Button {}
+
 impl Drop for Button {
     /// Nils out references on the Objective-C side and removes this from the backing view.
     // Just to be sure, let's... nil these out. They should be weak references,

src/color/mod.rs

@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ pub enum Color {
     /// The default color to use for thin separators/lines that
     /// do not allow content underneath to be visible.
     /// This value automatically switches to the correct variant depending on light or dark mode.
+    #[cfg(feature = "uikit")]
     OpaqueSeparator,
 
     /// The default color to use for rendering links.
@@ -495,7 +496,10 @@ unsafe fn to_objc(obj: &Color) -> id {
         Color::SystemBackgroundSecondary => system_color_with_fallback!(color, secondarySystemBackgroundColor, clearColor),
         Color::SystemBackgroundTertiary => system_color_with_fallback!(color, tertiarySystemBackgroundColor, clearColor),
         Color::Separator => system_color_with_fallback!(color, separatorColor, lightGrayColor),
+        
+        #[cfg(feature = "uikit")]
         Color::OpaqueSeparator => system_color_with_fallback!(color, opaqueSeparatorColor, darkGrayColor),
+
         Color::Link => system_color_with_fallback!(color, linkColor, blueColor),
         Color::DarkText => system_color_with_fallback!(color, darkTextColor, blackColor),
         Color::LightText => system_color_with_fallback!(color, lightTextColor, whiteColor),

src/control/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+
+use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
+use objc::runtime::Object;
+
+use crate::foundation::{id, YES, NO, NSUInteger};
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
+
+/// Use this enum for specifying NSControl size types.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum ControlSize {
+    /// The smallest control size.
+    Mini,
+
+    /// A smaller control size.
+    Small,
+    
+    /// The default, regular, size.
+    Regular,
+
+    /// A large control. Only available on macOS 11.0+.
+    /// If you pass this to the `set_control_size` method on the `Control` trait, it will
+    /// transparently map to `Regular` on 10.15 and below.
+    Large
+}
+
+/// A trait that view wrappers must conform to. Enables managing the subview tree.
+#[allow(unused_variables)]
+pub trait Control: ObjcAccess {
+    /// Whether this control is enabled or not.
+    fn set_enabled(&self, is_enabled: bool) {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setEnabled:match is_enabled {
+                true => YES,
+                false => NO
+            }];
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the underlying control size. 
+    fn set_control_size(&self, size: ControlSize) {
+        let control_size: NSUInteger = match size {
+            ControlSize::Mini => 2,
+            ControlSize::Small => 1,
+            ControlSize::Regular => 0,
+
+            ControlSize::Large => match crate::utils::os::is_minimum_version(11) {
+                true => 3,
+                false => 0
+            }
+        };
+
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setControlSize:control_size];
+        });
+    }
+}

src/filesystem/select.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 use objc::runtime::Object;
 use objc_id::ShareId;
 
-use crate::foundation::{id, YES, NO, NSInteger, NSString};
+use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSInteger, NSString, NSURL};
 use crate::filesystem::enums::ModalResponse;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
@@ -127,8 +127,7 @@ impl FileSelectPanel {
         self.allows_multiple_selection = allows;
     }
 
-    /// Shows the panel as a modal. Currently sheets are not supported, but you're free (and able
-    /// to) thread the Objective C calls yourself by using the panel field on this struct.
+    /// Shows the panel as a modal.
     ///
     /// Note that this clones the underlying `NSOpenPanel` pointer. This is theoretically safe as
     /// the system runs and manages that in another process, and we're still abiding by the general
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ impl FileSelectPanel {
     /// script) or can't easily pass one to use as a sheet.
     pub fn show<F>(&self, handler: F)
     where
-        F: Fn(Vec<PathBuf>) + 'static
+        F: Fn(Vec<NSURL>) + 'static
     {
         let panel = self.panel.clone();
         let completion = ConcreteBlock::new(move |result: NSInteger| {
@@ -155,6 +154,16 @@ impl FileSelectPanel {
         }
     }
 
+    /// As panels descend behind the scenes from `NSWindow`, we can call through to close it.
+    ///
+    /// You should really prefer to utilize sheets to display panels; this is offered as a
+    /// convenience for rare cases where you might need to retain a panel and close it later on.
+    pub fn close(&self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![&*self.panel, close];
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Shows the panel as a modal. Currently, this method accepts `Window`s which use a delegate.
     /// If you're using a `Window` without a delegate, you may need to opt to use the `show()`
     /// method.
@@ -164,7 +173,7 @@ impl FileSelectPanel {
     /// retain/ownership rules here.
     pub fn begin_sheet<T, F>(&self, window: &Window<T>, handler: F)
     where
-        F: Fn(Vec<PathBuf>) + 'static
+        F: Fn(Vec<NSURL>) + 'static
     {
         let panel = self.panel.clone();
         let completion = ConcreteBlock::new(move |result: NSInteger| {
@@ -185,15 +194,16 @@ impl FileSelectPanel {
 /// Retrieves the selected URLs from the provided panel.
 /// This is currently a bit ugly, but it's also not something that needs to be the best thing in
 /// the world as it (ideally) shouldn't be called repeatedly in hot spots.
-pub fn get_urls(panel: &Object) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+///
+/// (We mostly do this to find the sweet spot between Rust constructs and necessary Foundation
+/// interaction patterns)
+fn get_urls(panel: &Object) -> Vec<NSURL> {
     unsafe {
         let urls: id = msg_send![&*panel, URLs];
         let count: usize = msg_send![urls, count];
 
         (0..count).map(|index| {
-            let url: id = msg_send![urls, objectAtIndex:index];
-            let path = NSString::retain(msg_send![url, path]).to_string();
-            path.into()
+            NSURL::retain(msg_send![urls, objectAtIndex:index])
         }).collect()
     }
 }

src/foundation/data.rs

@@ -49,6 +49,21 @@ impl NSData {
             NSData(Id::from_ptr(obj))
         }
     }
+    
+    /// Given a slice of bytes, creates, retains, and returns a wrapped `NSData`.
+    ///
+    /// This method is borrowed straight out of [objc-foundation](objc-foundation) by the amazing
+    /// Steven Sheldon, and just tweaked slightly to fit the desired API semantics here.
+    ///
+    /// [objc-foundation]: https://crates.io/crates/objc-foundation
+    pub fn with_slice(bytes: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        let bytes_ptr = bytes.as_ptr() as *mut c_void;
+
+        unsafe {
+            let obj: id = msg_send![class!(NSData), dataWithBytes:bytes_ptr length:bytes.len()];
+            NSData(Id::from_ptr(obj))
+        }
+    }
 
     /// Given a (presumably) `NSData`, wraps and retains it.
     pub fn retain(data: id) -> Self {

src/foundation/mod.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ pub use number::NSNumber;
 mod string;
 pub use string::NSString;
 
+// Separate named module to not conflict with the `url` crate. Go figure.
+mod urls;
+pub use urls::{NSURL, NSURLBookmarkCreationOption, NSURLBookmarkResolutionOption};
+
 /// Bool mapping types differ between ARM and x64. There's a number of places that we need to check
 /// against BOOL results throughout the framework, and this just simplifies some mismatches.
 #[inline(always)]

src/foundation/urls/bookmark_options.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use crate::foundation::NSUInteger;
+
+/// Options used when creating bookmark data.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum NSURLBookmarkCreationOption {
+    /// Specifies that a bookmark created with this option should be created with minimal information.
+    Minimal,
+
+    /// Specifies that the bookmark data should include properties required to create Finder alias files.
+    SuitableForBookmarkFile,
+
+    /// Specifies that you want to create a security-scoped bookmark that, when resolved, provides a 
+    /// security-scoped URL allowing read/write access to a file-system resource.
+    SecurityScoped,
+
+    /// When combined with the NSURLBookmarkCreationOptions::SecurityScoped option, specifies that you 
+    /// want to create a security-scoped bookmark that, when resolved, provides a security-scoped URL allowing 
+    /// read-only access to a file-system resource.
+    SecurityScopedReadOnly
+}
+
+impl From<NSURLBookmarkCreationOption> for NSUInteger {
+    fn from(flag: NSURLBookmarkCreationOption) -> NSUInteger {
+        match flag {
+            NSURLBookmarkCreationOption::Minimal => 1u64 << 9,
+            NSURLBookmarkCreationOption::SuitableForBookmarkFile =>  1u64 << 10,
+            NSURLBookmarkCreationOption::SecurityScoped => 1 << 11,
+            NSURLBookmarkCreationOption::SecurityScopedReadOnly => 1 << 12
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&NSURLBookmarkCreationOption> for NSUInteger {
+    fn from(flag: &NSURLBookmarkCreationOption) -> NSUInteger {
+        match flag {
+            NSURLBookmarkCreationOption::Minimal => 1u64 << 9,
+            NSURLBookmarkCreationOption::SuitableForBookmarkFile =>  1u64 << 10,
+            NSURLBookmarkCreationOption::SecurityScoped => 1 << 11,
+            NSURLBookmarkCreationOption::SecurityScopedReadOnly => 1 << 12
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Options used when resolving bookmark data.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum NSURLBookmarkResolutionOption {
+    /// Specifies that no UI feedback should accompany resolution of the bookmark data.
+    WithoutUI,
+
+    /// Specifies that no volume should be mounted during resolution of the bookmark data.
+    WithoutMounting,
+
+    /// Specifies that the security scope, applied to the bookmark when it was created, should 
+    /// be used during resolution of the bookmark data.
+    SecurityScoped
+}
+
+impl From<NSURLBookmarkResolutionOption> for NSUInteger {
+    fn from(flag: NSURLBookmarkResolutionOption) -> NSUInteger {
+        match flag {
+            NSURLBookmarkResolutionOption::WithoutUI => 1u64 << 8,
+            NSURLBookmarkResolutionOption::WithoutMounting => 1u64 << 9,
+            NSURLBookmarkResolutionOption::SecurityScoped => 1 << 10
+        }
+    }
+}

src/foundation/urls/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
+use objc::runtime::Object;
+use objc_id::ShareId;
+
+use crate::foundation::{id, nil, NSData, NSString, NSUInteger};
+
+mod bookmark_options;
+pub use bookmark_options::{NSURLBookmarkCreationOption, NSURLBookmarkResolutionOption};
+
+mod resource_keys;
+pub use resource_keys::{NSURLResourceKey, NSURLFileResource, NSUbiquitousItemDownloadingStatus}; 
+
+/// Wraps `NSURL` for use throughout the framework.
+///
+/// This type may also be returned to users in some callbacks (e.g, file manager/selectors) as it's 
+/// a core part of the macOS/iOS experience and bridging around it is arguably blocking people from
+/// being able to actually build useful things.
+///
+/// For pure-Rust developers who have no interest in the Objective-C underpinnings, there's a
+/// `pathbuf()` method that returns an `std::path::PathBuf` for working with. Note that this will
+/// prove less useful in sandboxed applications, and if the underlying file that the PathBuf points
+/// to moves, you'll be responsible for figuring out exactly what you do there.
+///
+/// Otherwise, this struct bridges enough of NSURL to be useful (loading, using, and bookmarks).
+/// Pull requests for additional functionality are welcome.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct NSURL<'a> {
+    /// A reference to the backing `NSURL`.
+    pub objc: ShareId<Object>,
+    phantom: PhantomData<&'a ()>
+}
+
+impl<'a> NSURL<'a> {
+    /// In cases where we're vended an `NSURL` by the system, this can be used to wrap and
+    /// retain it.
+    pub fn retain(object: id) -> Self {
+        NSURL {
+            objc: unsafe { ShareId::from_ptr(object) },
+            phantom: PhantomData
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// In some cases, we want to wrap a system-provided NSURL without retaining it.
+    pub fn from_retained(object: id) -> Self {
+        NSURL {
+            objc: unsafe { ShareId::from_retained_ptr(object) },
+            phantom: PhantomData
+        }
+    }
+        
+    /// Creates and returns a URL object by calling through to `[NSURL URLWithString]`.
+    pub fn with_str(url: &str) -> Self {
+        let url = NSString::new(url);
+        
+        Self {
+            objc: unsafe {
+                ShareId::from_ptr(msg_send![class!(NSURL), URLWithString:&*url])
+            },
+
+            phantom: PhantomData
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /// Returns the absolute string path that this URL points to.
+    ///
+    /// Note that if the underlying file moved, this won't be accurate - you likely want to
+    /// research URL bookmarks.
+    pub fn absolute_string(&self) -> String {
+        let abs_str = NSString::retain(unsafe {
+            msg_send![&*self.objc, absoluteString]
+        });
+
+        abs_str.to_string()
+    }
+
+    /// Creates and returns a Rust `PathBuf`, for users who don't need the extra pieces of NSURL
+    /// and just want to write Rust code.
+    pub fn pathbuf(&self) -> PathBuf {
+        let path = NSString::retain(unsafe {
+            msg_send![&*self.objc, path]
+        });
+
+        path.to_str().into()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns bookmark data for this URL. Will error if the underlying API errors.
+    ///
+    /// Bookmarks are useful for sandboxed applications, as well as situations where you might want
+    /// to later resolve the true location of a file (e.g, if the user moved it between when you
+    /// got the URL and when you need to use it).
+    pub fn bookmark_data(
+        &self,
+        options: &[NSURLBookmarkCreationOption],
+        resource_value_keys: &[NSURLResourceKey],
+        relative_to_url: Option<NSURL>
+    ) -> Result<NSData, Box<dyn Error>> {
+        let mut opts: NSUInteger = 0;
+        for mask in options {
+            let i: NSUInteger = mask.into();
+            opts = opts | i;
+        }
+
+        // Build NSArray of resource keys
+        let resource_keys = nil;
+
+        // Mutability woes mean we just go through a match here to satisfy message passing needs.
+        let bookmark_data = NSData::retain(match relative_to_url {
+            Some(relative_url) => unsafe {
+                msg_send![&*self.objc, bookmarkDataWithOptions:opts
+                    includingResourceValuesForKeys:resource_keys
+                    relativeToURL:relative_url
+                    error:nil
+                ]
+            },
+
+            None => unsafe {
+                msg_send![&*self.objc, bookmarkDataWithOptions:opts
+                    includingResourceValuesForKeys:resource_keys
+                    relativeToURL:nil
+                    error:nil
+                ]
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Check for errors...
+        //Err("LOL".into())
+
+        Ok(bookmark_data)
+    }
+
+    /// Converts bookmark data into a URL.
+    pub fn from_bookmark_data(
+        data: NSData,
+        options: &[NSURLBookmarkResolutionOption],
+        relative_to_url: Option<NSURL>,
+        data_is_stale: bool
+    ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error>> {
+        Err("LOL".into())
+    }
+
+    /// In an app that has adopted App Sandbox, makes the resource pointed to by a security-scoped URL available to the app.
+    ///
+    /// More information can be found at: 
+    /// [https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsurl/1417051-startaccessingsecurityscopedreso?language=objc]
+    pub fn start_accessing_security_scoped_resource(&self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![&*self.objc, startAccessingSecurityScopedResource];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// In an app that adopts App Sandbox, revokes access to the resource pointed to by a security-scoped URL.
+    ///
+    /// More information can be found at:
+    /// [https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsurl/1413736-stopaccessingsecurityscopedresou?language=objc]
+    pub fn stop_accessing_security_scoped_resource(&self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![&*self.objc, stopAccessingSecurityScopedResource];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*impl From<NSString<'_>> for id {
+    /// Consumes and returns the pointer to the underlying NSString instance.
+    fn from(mut string: NSString) -> Self {
+        &mut *string.objc
+    }
+}*/
+
+impl Deref for NSURL<'_> {
+    type Target = Object;
+
+    /// Derefs to the underlying Objective-C Object.
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Object {
+        &*self.objc
+    }
+}

src/foundation/urls/resource_keys.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+use crate::foundation::id;
+
+/// Possible values for the `NSURLResourceKey::FileResourceType` key.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum NSURLFileResource {
+    /// The resource is a named pipe.
+    NamedPipe,
+
+    /// The resource is a character special file.
+    CharacterSpecial,
+
+    /// The resource is a directory.
+    Directory,
+
+    /// The resource is a block special file.
+    BlockSpecial,
+
+    /// The resource is a regular file.
+    Regular,
+
+    /// The resource is a symbolic link.
+    SymbolicLink,
+
+    /// The resource is a socket.
+    Socket,
+
+    /// The resource’s type is unknown.
+    Unknown
+}
+
+/// Values that describe the iCloud storage state of a file.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum NSUbiquitousItemDownloadingStatus {
+    /// A local copy of this item exists and is the most up-to-date version known to the device.
+    Current,
+
+    /// A local copy of this item exists, but it is stale. The most recent version will be downloaded as soon as possible.
+    Downloaded,
+
+    /// This item has not been downloaded yet. Initiate a download.
+    NotDownloaded
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum NSURLResourceKey {
+    IsApplication,
+    IsScriptable,
+    IsDirectory,
+    ParentDirectoryURL,
+    FileAllocatedSize,
+    FileProtection,
+    FileProtectionType,
+    FileResourceIdentifier,
+    FileResourceType(NSURLFileResource),
+    FileSecurity,
+    FileSize,
+    IsAliasFile,
+    IsPackage,
+    IsRegularFile,
+    PreferredIOBlockSize,
+    TotalFileAllocatedSize,
+    TotalFileSize,
+
+    VolumeAvailableCapacity,
+    VolumeAvailableCapacityForImportantUsage,
+    VolumeAvailableCapacityForOpportunisticUsage,
+    VolumeTotalCapacity,
+    VolumeIsAutomounted,
+    VolumeIsBrowsable,
+    VolumeIsEjectable,
+    VolumeIsEncrypted,
+    VolumeIsInternal,
+    VolumeIsJournaling,
+    VolumeIsLocal,
+    VolumeIsReadOnly,
+    VolumeIsRemovable,
+    VolumeIsRootFileSystem,
+
+    IsMountTrigger,
+    IsVolume,
+    VolumeCreationDate,
+    VolumeIdentifier,
+    VolumeLocalizedFormatDescription,
+    VolumeLocalizedName,
+    VolumeMaximumFileSize,
+    VolumeName,
+    VolumeResourceCount,
+    VolumeSupportsAccessPermissions,
+    VolumeSupportsAdvisoryFileLocking,
+    VolumeSupportsCasePreservedNames,
+    VolumeSupportsCaseSensitiveNames,
+    VolumeSupportsCompression,
+    VolumeSupportsExclusiveRenaming,
+    VolumeSupportsExtendedSecurity,
+    VolumeSupportsFileCloning,
+    VolumeSupportsHardLinks,
+    VolumeSupportsImmutableFiles,
+    VolumeSupportsJournaling,
+    VolumeSupportsPersistentIDs,
+    VolumeSupportsRenaming,
+    VolumeSupportsRootDirectoryDates,
+    VolumeSupportsSparseFiles,
+    VolumeSupportsSwapRenaming,
+    VolumeSupportsSymbolicLinks,
+    VolumeSupportsVolumeSizes,
+    VolumeSupportsZeroRuns,
+    VolumeURLForRemounting,
+    VolumeURL,
+    VolumeUUIDString,
+
+    IsUbiquitousItem,
+    UbiquitousSharedItemMostRecentEditorNameComponents,
+    UbiquitousItemDownloadRequested,
+    UbiquitousItemIsDownloading,
+    UbiquitousItemDownloadingError,
+    UbiquitousItemDownloadingStatus(NSUbiquitousItemDownloadingStatus),
+    UbiquitousItemIsUploaded,
+    UbiquitousItemIsUploading,
+    UbiquitousItemUploadingError,
+    UbiquitousItemHasUnresolvedConflicts,
+    UbiquitousItemContainerDisplayName,
+    UbiquitousSharedItemOwnerNameComponents,
+    UbiquitousSharedItemCurrentUserPermissions,
+    UbiquitousSharedItemCurrentUserRole,
+    UbiquitousItemIsShared,
+    UbiquitousSharedItemRole,
+    UbiquitousSharedItemPermissions,
+
+    ThumbnailDictionaryItem,
+
+    KeysOfUnsetValues,
+    QuarantineProperties,
+    AddedToDirectoryDate,
+    AttributeModificationDate,
+    ContentAccessDate,
+    ContentModificationDate,
+    CreationDate,
+    CustomIcon,
+    DocumentIdentifier,
+    EffectiveIcon,
+    GenerationIdentifier,
+    HasHiddenExtension,
+    IsExcludedFromBackup,
+    IsExecutable,
+    IsHidden,
+    IsReadable,
+    IsSymbolicLink,
+    IsSystemImmutable,
+    IsUserImmutable,
+    IsWritable,
+    LabelColor,
+    LabelNumber,
+    LinkCount,
+    LocalizedLabel,
+    LocalizedName,
+    LocalizedTypeDescription,
+    Name,
+    Path,
+    CanonicalPath,
+    TagNames,
+    ContentType,
+
+    FileContentIdentifier,
+    IsPurgeable,
+    IsSparse,
+    MayHaveExtendedAttributes,
+    MayShareFileContent,
+    UbiquitousItemIsExcludedFromSync,
+    VolumeSupportsFileProtection
+}

src/image/icons.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use crate::foundation::id;
+
 /// These icons are system-provided icons that are guaranteed to exist in all versions of macOS
 /// that Cacao supports. These will use SFSymbols on Big Sur and onwards (11.0+), and the correct
 /// controls for prior macOS versions.
@@ -22,51 +24,86 @@ pub enum MacSystemIcon {
 
     /// Returns a stock "+" icon that's common to the system. Use this for buttons that need the
     /// symbol.
-    Add
+    Add,
+
+    /// A stock "-" icon that's common to the system. Use this for buttons that need the symbol.
+    Remove,
+
+    /// Returns a Folder icon.
+    Folder
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+    static NSImageNamePreferencesGeneral: id;
+    static NSImageNameAdvanced: id;
+    static NSImageNameUserAccounts: id;
+    static NSImageNameAddTemplate: id;
+    static NSImageNameFolder: id;
+    static NSImageNameRemoveTemplate: id;
 }
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 impl MacSystemIcon {
     /// Maps system icons to their pre-11.0 framework identifiers.
-    pub fn to_str(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            MacSystemIcon::PreferencesGeneral => "NSPreferencesGeneral",
-            MacSystemIcon::PreferencesAdvanced => "NSAdvanced",
-            MacSystemIcon::PreferencesUserAccounts => "NSUserAccounts",
-            MacSystemIcon::Add => "NSImageNameAddTemplate"
+    pub fn to_id(&self) -> id {
+        unsafe {
+            match self {
+                MacSystemIcon::PreferencesGeneral => NSImageNamePreferencesGeneral,
+                MacSystemIcon::PreferencesAdvanced => NSImageNameAdvanced,
+                MacSystemIcon::PreferencesUserAccounts => NSImageNameUserAccounts,
+                MacSystemIcon::Add => NSImageNameAddTemplate,
+                MacSystemIcon::Remove => NSImageNameRemoveTemplate,
+                MacSystemIcon::Folder => NSImageNameFolder
+            }
         }
     }
 
     /// Maps system icons to their SFSymbols-counterparts for use on 11.0+.
     pub fn to_sfsymbol_str(&self) -> &'static str {
          match self {
-            MacSystemIcon::PreferencesGeneral => "gearshape",
-            MacSystemIcon::PreferencesAdvanced => "slider.vertical.3",
-            MacSystemIcon::PreferencesUserAccounts => "at",
-            MacSystemIcon::Add => "plus"
+            MacSystemIcon::PreferencesGeneral => SFSymbol::GearShape.to_str(),
+            MacSystemIcon::PreferencesAdvanced => SFSymbol::SliderVertical3.to_str(),
+            MacSystemIcon::PreferencesUserAccounts => SFSymbol::AtSymbol.to_str(),
+            MacSystemIcon::Add => SFSymbol::Plus.to_str(),
+            MacSystemIcon::Remove => SFSymbol::Minus.to_str(),
+            MacSystemIcon::Folder => SFSymbol::FolderFilled.to_str()
         }       
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum SFSymbol {
+    AtSymbol,
+    GearShape,
+    FolderFilled,
     PaperPlane,
     PaperPlaneFilled,
+    Plus,
+    Minus,
+    SliderVertical3,
     SquareAndArrowUpOnSquare,
     SquareAndArrowUpOnSquareFill,
     SquareAndArrowDownOnSquare,
-    SquareAndArrowDownOnSquareFill
+    SquareAndArrowDownOnSquareFill,
+    SquareDashed
 }
 
 impl SFSymbol {
-    pub fn to_str(&self) -> &str {
+    pub fn to_str(&self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
+            Self::AtSymbol => "at",
+            Self::GearShape => "gearshape",
+            Self::FolderFilled => "folder.fill",
             Self::PaperPlane => "paperplane",
             Self::PaperPlaneFilled => "paperplane.fill",
+            Self::Plus => "plus",
+            Self::Minus => "minus",
+            Self::SliderVertical3 => "slider.vertical.3",
             Self::SquareAndArrowUpOnSquare => "square.and.arrow.up.on.square",
             Self::SquareAndArrowUpOnSquareFill => "square.and.arrow.up.on.square.fill",
             Self::SquareAndArrowDownOnSquare => "square.and.arrow.down.on.square",
-            Self::SquareAndArrowDownOnSquareFill => "square.and.arrow.down.on.square.fill"
+            Self::SquareAndArrowDownOnSquareFill => "square.and.arrow.down.on.square.fill",
+            Self::SquareDashed => "square.dashed"
         }
     }
 }

src/image/image.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use core_graphics::{
 };
 use core_graphics::context::{CGContext, CGContextRef};
 
-use crate::foundation::{id, YES, NO, NSString};
+use crate::foundation::{id, YES, NO, NSString, NSData};
 use crate::utils::os;
 use super::icons::*;
 
@@ -131,12 +131,53 @@ impl Image {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Loads an image from the specified path.
+    pub fn with_contents_of_file(path: &str) -> Self {
+        let file_path = NSString::new(path);
+
+        Image(unsafe {
+            let alloc: id = msg_send![class!(NSImage), alloc];
+            ShareId::from_ptr(msg_send![alloc, initWithContentsOfFile:file_path])
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Given a Vec of data, will transform it into an Image by passing it through NSData.
+    /// This can be useful for when you need to include_bytes!() something into your binary.
+    pub fn with_data(data: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        let data = NSData::with_slice(data);
+
+        Image(unsafe {
+            let alloc: id = msg_send![class!(NSImage), alloc];
+            ShareId::from_ptr(msg_send![alloc, initWithData:data])
+        })
+    }
+
     // @TODO: for Airyx, unsure if this is supported - and it's somewhat modern macOS-specific, so
     // let's keep the os flag here for now.
     /// Returns a stock system icon. These are guaranteed to exist across all versions of macOS
     /// supported.
     #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-    pub fn system_icon(icon: MacSystemIcon, accessibility_description: &str) -> Self {
+    pub fn system_icon(icon: MacSystemIcon) -> Self {
+        Image(unsafe {
+            ShareId::from_ptr({
+                let icon = icon.to_id();
+                msg_send![class!(NSImage), imageNamed:icon]
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    // @TODO: for Airyx, unsure if this is supported - and it's somewhat modern macOS-specific, so
+    // let's keep the os flag here for now.
+    /// The name here can be confusing, I know.
+    ///
+    /// A system symbol will swap an SFSymbol in for macOS 11.0+, but return the correct
+    /// MacSystemIcon image type for versions prior to that. This is mostly helpful in situations
+    /// like Preferences windows, where you want to have the correct modern styling for newer OS
+    /// versions.
+    ///
+    /// However, if you need the correct "folder" icon for instance, you probably want `system_icon`.
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    pub fn system_symbol(icon: MacSystemIcon, accessibility_description: &str) -> Self {
         Image(unsafe {
             ShareId::from_ptr(match os::is_minimum_version(11) {
                 true => {
@@ -147,8 +188,8 @@ impl Image {
                 },
 
                 false => {
-                    let icon = NSString::new(icon.to_str());
-                    msg_send![class!(NSImage), imageNamed:&*icon]
+                    let icon = icon.to_id();
+                    msg_send![class!(NSImage), imageNamed:icon]
                 }
             })
         })

src/image/mod.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSArray, NSString};
 use crate::color::Color;
 use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::utils::properties::ObjcProperty;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
@@ -147,23 +148,34 @@ impl ImageView {
         });
     }
 
+    /// Given an image reference, sets it on the image view. You're currently responsible for
+    /// retaining this yourself.
     pub fn set_image(&self, image: &Image) {
         self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![obj, setImage:&*image.0];
         });
     }
+
+    /*pub fn set_image_scaling(&self, scaling_type: ImageScale) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setImageScaling:
+        });
+    }*/
 }
 
-impl Layout for ImageView {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl ObjcAccess for ImageView {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
 }
 
+impl Layout for ImageView {}
+
 impl Drop for ImageView {
     /// A bit of extra cleanup for delegate callback pointers. If the originating `View` is being
     /// dropped, we do some logic to clean it all up (e.g, we go ahead and check to see if

src/input/mod.rs

@@ -45,8 +45,10 @@ use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 use objc_id::ShareId;
 
 use crate::color::Color;
+use crate::control::Control;
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, NSArray, NSInteger, NSString, NO, YES};
 use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::text::{Font, TextAlign};
 use crate::utils::properties::ObjcProperty;
 
@@ -309,6 +311,15 @@ impl<T> TextField<T> {
         });
     }
 
+    /// Call this to set the text for the label.
+    pub fn set_placeholder_text(&self, text: &str) {
+        let s = NSString::new(text);
+
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setPlaceholderString:&*s];
+        });
+    }
+
     /// The the text alignment style for this control.
     pub fn set_text_alignment(&self, alignment: TextAlign) {
         self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
@@ -317,6 +328,35 @@ impl<T> TextField<T> {
         });
     }
 
+    /// Set whether this field operates in single-line mode.
+    pub fn set_uses_single_line(&self, uses_single_line: bool) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let cell: id = msg_send![obj, cell];
+            let _: () = msg_send![cell, setUsesSingleLineMode:match uses_single_line {
+                true => YES,
+                false => NO
+            }];
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Set whether this field operates in single-line mode.
+    pub fn set_wraps(&self, uses_single_line: bool) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let cell: id = msg_send![obj, cell];
+            let _: () = msg_send![cell, setWraps:match uses_single_line {
+                true => YES,
+                false => NO
+            }];
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the maximum number of lines.
+    pub fn set_max_number_of_lines(&self, num: NSInteger) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setMaximumNumberOfLines:num];
+        });
+    }
+
     /// Sets the font for this input.
     pub fn set_font<F: AsRef<Font>>(&self, font: F) {
         let font = font.as_ref().clone();
@@ -327,16 +367,20 @@ impl<T> TextField<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Layout for TextField<T> {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl<T> ObjcAccess for TextField<T> {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> Layout for TextField<T> {}
+
+impl<T> Control for TextField<T> {}
+
 impl<T> Drop for TextField<T> {
     /// A bit of extra cleanup for delegate callback pointers. If the originating `TextField` is being
     /// dropped, we do some logic to clean it all up (e.g, we go ahead and check to see if

src/keys.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//! This provides some basic mapping for providing Key characters to controls. It's mostly meant as
+//! a wrapper to stop magic symbols all over the place.
+
+/// Represents a Key character.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Key<'a> {
+    /// Behind the scenes, this translates to NSDeleteCharacter (for AppKit).
+    Delete,
+
+    /// Whatever character you want.
+    Char(&'a str)
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Key<'a> {
+    fn from(s: &'a str) -> Self {
+        Key::Char(s)
+    }
+}

src/layout/animator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use core_graphics::base::CGFloat;
+
+use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
+use objc::runtime::{Class, Object};
+use objc_id::ShareId;
+
+use crate::foundation::id;
+
+/// A wrapper for an animation proxy object in Cocoa that supports basic animations.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct LayoutConstraintAnimatorProxy(pub ShareId<Object>);
+
+impl LayoutConstraintAnimatorProxy {
+    /// Wraps and returns a proxy for animation of layout constraint values.
+    pub fn new(proxy: id) -> Self {
+        Self(unsafe {
+            ShareId::from_ptr(msg_send![proxy, animator])
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the constant (usually referred to as `offset` in Cacao) value for the constraint being animated.
+    pub fn set_offset(&self, value: CGFloat) {
+        unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![&*self.0, setConstant:value];
+        }
+    }
+}

src/layout/constraint.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ use objc_id::ShareId;
 
 use crate::foundation::{id, YES, NO};
 
+use super::LayoutConstraintAnimatorProxy;
+
 /// A wrapper for `NSLayoutConstraint`. This both acts as a central path through which to activate
 /// constraints, as well as a wrapper for layout constraints that are not axis bound (e.g, width or
 /// height).
@@ -27,16 +29,20 @@ pub struct LayoutConstraint {
 
     /// The priority used in computing this constraint.
     pub priority: f64,
+
+    /// An animator proxy that can be used inside animation contexts.
+    pub animator: LayoutConstraintAnimatorProxy
 }
 
 impl LayoutConstraint {
     /// An internal method for wrapping existing constraints.
     pub(crate) fn new(object: id) -> Self {
         LayoutConstraint {
+            animator: LayoutConstraintAnimatorProxy::new(object),
             constraint: unsafe { ShareId::from_ptr(object) },
             offset: 0.0,
             multiplier: 0.0,
-            priority: 0.0
+            priority: 0.0,
         }
     }
 
@@ -50,6 +56,7 @@ impl LayoutConstraint {
 
 
         LayoutConstraint {
+            animator: self.animator,
             constraint: self.constraint,
             offset: offset,
             multiplier: self.multiplier,
@@ -57,6 +64,7 @@ impl LayoutConstraint {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Sets the offset of a borrowed constraint.
     pub fn set_offset<F: Into<f64>>(&self, offset: F) {
         let offset: f64 = offset.into();
 

src/layout/mod.rs

@@ -3,35 +3,44 @@
 //! `AutoLayout` feature, each widget will default to using AutoLayout, which can be beneficial in
 //! more complicated views that need to deal with differing screen sizes.
 
-pub mod traits;
+mod traits;
 pub use traits::Layout;
 
+mod animator;
+pub use animator::LayoutConstraintAnimatorProxy;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
-pub mod attributes;
+mod attributes;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
 pub use attributes::*;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
-pub mod constraint;
+mod constraint;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
 pub use constraint::LayoutConstraint;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
-pub mod dimension;
+mod dimension;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
 pub use dimension::LayoutAnchorDimension;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
-pub mod horizontal;
+mod horizontal;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
 pub use horizontal::LayoutAnchorX;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
-pub mod vertical;
+mod vertical;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
 pub use vertical::LayoutAnchorY;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+mod safe_guide;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+pub use safe_guide::SafeAreaLayoutGuide;

src/layout/safe_guide.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
+
+use crate::foundation::id;
+use crate::layout::{LayoutAnchorX, LayoutAnchorY, LayoutAnchorDimension};
+use crate::utils::os;
+
+/// A SafeAreaLayoutGuide should exist on all view types, and ensures that there are anchor points
+/// that work within the system constraints. On macOS 11+, this will ensure you work around system
+/// padding transprently - on macOS 10.15 and under, this will transparently map to the normal
+/// edges, as the underlying properties were not supported there.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct SafeAreaLayoutGuide {
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime top layout constraint.
+    pub top: LayoutAnchorY,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime leading layout constraint.
+    pub leading: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime left layout constraint.
+    pub left: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime trailing layout constraint.
+    pub trailing: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime right layout constraint.
+    pub right: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime bottom layout constraint.
+    pub bottom: LayoutAnchorY,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime width layout constraint.
+    pub width: LayoutAnchorDimension,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime height layout constraint.
+    pub height: LayoutAnchorDimension,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime center X layout constraint.
+    pub center_x: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime center Y layout constraint.
+    pub center_y: LayoutAnchorY
+}
+
+impl SafeAreaLayoutGuide {
+    /// Given a view pointer, will extract the safe area layout guide properties and return a
+    /// `SafeAreaLayoutGuide` composed of them.
+    pub fn new(view: id) -> Self {
+        // For versions prior to Big Sur, we'll just use the default view anchors in place.
+        let guide: id = match os::is_minimum_version(11) {
+            true => unsafe { msg_send![view, layoutMarginsGuide] },
+            false => view
+        };
+
+        Self {
+            top: LayoutAnchorY::top(guide),
+            left: LayoutAnchorX::left(guide),
+            leading: LayoutAnchorX::leading(guide),
+            right: LayoutAnchorX::right(guide),
+            trailing: LayoutAnchorX::trailing(guide),
+            bottom: LayoutAnchorY::bottom(guide),
+            width: LayoutAnchorDimension::width(guide),
+            height: LayoutAnchorDimension::height(guide),
+            center_x: LayoutAnchorX::center(guide),
+            center_y: LayoutAnchorY::center(guide)
+        }
+    }
+}

src/layout/traits.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Various traits related to controllers opting in to autolayout routines and support for view
 //! heirarchies.
 
+use core_graphics::base::CGFloat;
 use core_graphics::geometry::{CGRect, CGPoint, CGSize};
 
 use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
@@ -9,27 +10,21 @@ use objc_id::ShareId;
 
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, to_bool, YES, NO, NSArray, NSString};
 use crate::geometry::Rect;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
 use crate::pasteboard::PasteboardType;
 
 /// A trait that view wrappers must conform to. Enables managing the subview tree.
 #[allow(unused_variables)]
-pub trait Layout {
-    /// Used for mutably interacting with the underlying Objective-C instance.
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F);
-
-    /// Used for checking backing properties of the underlying Objective-C instance, without
-    /// needing a mutable borrow.
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R;
-
+pub trait Layout: ObjcAccess {
     /// Sets whether this needs to be redrawn before being displayed.
     ///
     /// If you're updating data that dynamically impacts this view, mark this as true - the next
     /// pass from the system will redraw it accordingly, and set the underlying value back to
     /// `false`.
     fn set_needs_display(&self, needs_display: bool) {
-        self.with_backing_node(|obj| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|obj| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![obj, setNeedsDisplay:match needs_display {
                 true => YES,
                 false => NO
@@ -39,8 +34,8 @@ pub trait Layout {
 
     /// Adds another Layout-backed control or view as a subview of this view.
     fn add_subview<V: Layout>(&self, view: &V) {
-        self.with_backing_node(|backing_node| {
-            view.with_backing_node(|subview_node| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|backing_node| {
+            view.with_backing_obj_mut(|subview_node| unsafe {
                 let _: () = msg_send![backing_node, addSubview:subview_node];
             });
         });
@@ -48,7 +43,7 @@ pub trait Layout {
 
     /// Removes a control or view from the superview.
     fn remove_from_superview(&self) {
-        self.with_backing_node(|backing_node| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|backing_node| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![backing_node, removeFromSuperview];
         });
     }
@@ -61,7 +56,7 @@ pub trait Layout {
     fn set_frame<R: Into<CGRect>>(&self, rect: R) {
         let frame: CGRect = rect.into();
         
-        self.with_backing_node(move |backing_node| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(move |backing_node| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![backing_node, setFrame:frame];
         });
     }
@@ -73,7 +68,7 @@ pub trait Layout {
     /// then you should set this to `true` (or use an appropriate initializer that does it for you).
     #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
     fn set_translates_autoresizing_mask_into_constraints(&self, translates: bool) {
-        self.with_backing_node(|backing_node| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|backing_node| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![backing_node, setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:match translates {
                 true => YES,
                 false => NO
@@ -85,7 +80,7 @@ pub trait Layout {
     ///
     /// When hidden, widgets don't receive events and is not visible. 
     fn set_hidden(&self, hide: bool) {
-        self.with_backing_node(|obj| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|obj| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![obj, setHidden:match hide {
                 true => YES,
                 false => NO
@@ -98,7 +93,7 @@ pub trait Layout {
     /// Note that this can report `false` if an ancestor widget is hidden, thus hiding this - to check in 
     /// that case, you may want `is_hidden_or_ancestor_is_hidden()`.
     fn is_hidden(&self) -> bool {
-        self.get_from_backing_node(|obj| {
+        self.get_from_backing_obj(|obj| {
             to_bool(unsafe {
                 msg_send![obj, isHidden]
             })
@@ -108,7 +103,7 @@ pub trait Layout {
     /// Returns whether this is hidden, *or* whether an ancestor view is hidden.
     #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
     fn is_hidden_or_ancestor_is_hidden(&self) -> bool {
-        self.get_from_backing_node(|obj| {
+        self.get_from_backing_obj(|obj| {
             to_bool(unsafe {
                 msg_send![obj, isHiddenOrHasHiddenAncestor]
             })
@@ -126,7 +121,7 @@ pub trait Layout {
             x.into()
         }).collect::<Vec<id>>().into();
 
-        self.with_backing_node(|obj| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|obj| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![obj, registerForDraggedTypes:&*types];
         });
     }
@@ -137,7 +132,7 @@ pub trait Layout {
     /// currently to avoid compile issues.
     #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
     fn unregister_dragged_types(&self) { 
-        self.with_backing_node(|obj| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|obj| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![obj, unregisterDraggedTypes];
         });
     }
@@ -148,7 +143,7 @@ pub trait Layout {
     /// can be helpful - but always test!
     #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
     fn set_posts_frame_change_notifications(&self, posts: bool) {
-        self.with_backing_node(|obj| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|obj| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![obj, setPostsFrameChangedNotifications:match posts {
                 true => YES,
                 false => NO
@@ -162,11 +157,22 @@ pub trait Layout {
     /// can be helpful - but always test!
     #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
     fn set_posts_bounds_change_notifications(&self, posts: bool) {
-        self.with_backing_node(|obj| unsafe {
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|obj| unsafe {
             let _: () = msg_send![obj, setPostsBoundsChangedNotifications:match posts {
                 true => YES,
                 false => NO
             }];
         });
     }
+
+    /// Theoretically this belongs elsewhere, but we want to enable this on all view layers, since
+    /// it's common enough anyway.
+    #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
+    fn set_alpha(&self, value: f64) {
+        let value: CGFloat = value.into();
+
+        self.with_backing_obj_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setAlphaValue:value];
+        });
+    }
 }

src/lib.rs

@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ pub use lazy_static;
 #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "appkit")))]
 pub mod appkit;
 
+//pub mod bundle;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "uikit")]
 #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "uikit")))]
 pub mod uikit;
@@ -117,6 +119,9 @@ pub mod cloudkit;
 
 pub mod color;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
+pub mod control;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
 pub mod dragdrop;
 
@@ -138,14 +143,17 @@ pub mod image;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
 pub mod input;
+pub(crate) mod invoker;
+
+pub mod keys;
 
 pub mod layer;
-pub(crate) mod invoker;
 pub mod layout;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
 pub mod listview;
 pub mod networking;
+pub(crate) mod objc_access;
 pub mod notification_center;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
@@ -160,6 +168,9 @@ pub mod scrollview;
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
 pub mod switch;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
+pub mod select;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
 pub mod text;
 

src/listview/appkit.rs

@@ -37,9 +37,16 @@ extern fn view_for_column<T: ListViewDelegate>(
     this: &Object,
     _: Sel,
     _table_view: id,
-    _: id,
+    _table_column: id,
     item: NSInteger
 ) -> id {
+    /*use core_graphics::geometry::CGRect;
+    unsafe {
+        //let superview: id = msg_send![table_view, superview];
+        let frame: CGRect = msg_send![table_view, frame];
+        let _: () = msg_send![table_column, setWidth:frame.size.width];
+    }*/
+
     let view = load::<T>(this, LISTVIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
     let item = view.item_for(item as usize);
 
@@ -79,7 +86,7 @@ extern fn menu_needs_update<T: ListViewDelegate>(
     let _ = Menu::append(menu, items);
 }
 
-/// NSTableView requires listening to an observer to detect row selection changes, but that is...
+/*/// NSTableView requires listening to an observer to detect row selection changes, but that is...
 /// even clunkier than what we do in this framework.
 ///
 /// The other less obvious way is to subclass and override the `shouldSelectRow:` method; here, we
@@ -94,6 +101,24 @@ extern fn select_row<T: ListViewDelegate>(
     let view = load::<T>(this, LISTVIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
     view.item_selected(item as usize);
     YES
+}*/
+
+extern fn selection_did_change<T: ListViewDelegate>(
+    this: &Object,
+    _: Sel,
+    notification: id
+) {
+    let selected_row: NSInteger = unsafe {
+        let tableview: id = msg_send![notification, object];
+        msg_send![tableview, selectedRow]
+    };
+
+    let view = load::<T>(this, LISTVIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
+    if selected_row == -1 {
+        view.item_selected(None);
+    } else {
+        view.item_selected(Some(selected_row as usize));
+    }
 }
 
 extern fn row_actions_for_row<T: ListViewDelegate>(
@@ -203,7 +228,7 @@ pub(crate) fn register_listview_class_with_delegate<T: ListViewDelegate>(instanc
         decl.add_method(sel!(numberOfRowsInTableView:), number_of_items::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, id) -> NSInteger);
         decl.add_method(sel!(tableView:willDisplayCell:forTableColumn:row:), will_display_cell::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, id, id, id, NSInteger));
         decl.add_method(sel!(tableView:viewForTableColumn:row:), view_for_column::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, id, id, NSInteger) -> id);
-        decl.add_method(sel!(tableView:shouldSelectRow:), select_row::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, id, NSInteger) -> BOOL);
+        decl.add_method(sel!(tableViewSelectionDidChange:), selection_did_change::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, id));
         decl.add_method(sel!(tableView:rowActionsForRow:edge:), row_actions_for_row::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, id, NSInteger, NSInteger) -> id);
 
         // A slot for some menu handling; we just let it be done here for now rather than do the

src/listview/mod.rs

@@ -50,16 +50,16 @@ use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSArray, NSString, NSInteger, NSUInteger};
 use crate::color::Color;
-
 use crate::layout::Layout;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
 use crate::layout::{LayoutAnchorX, LayoutAnchorY, LayoutAnchorDimension};
 
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::scrollview::ScrollView;
 use crate::utils::{os, CellFactory, CGSize};
 use crate::utils::properties::{ObjcProperty, PropertyNullable};
-use crate::view::ViewDelegate;
+use crate::view::{ViewAnimatorProxy, ViewDelegate};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
 use crate::appkit::menu::MenuItem;
@@ -99,11 +99,10 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 /// A helper method for instantiating view classes and applying default settings to them.
 fn common_init(class: *const Class) -> id { 
     unsafe {
+        // Note: we do *not* enable AutoLayout here as we're by default placing this in a scroll
+        // view, and we want it to just do its thing.
         let tableview: id = msg_send![class, new];
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
-        let _: () = msg_send![tableview, setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];
-
         // Let's... make NSTableView into UITableView-ish.
         #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
         {
@@ -144,6 +143,9 @@ pub struct ListView<T = ()> {
     /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime view controller.
     pub objc: ObjcProperty,
 
+    /// An object that supports limited animations. Can be cloned into animation closures.
+    pub animator: ViewAnimatorProxy,
+
     /// In AppKit, we need to manage the NSScrollView ourselves. It's a bit
     /// more old school like that...
     ///
@@ -262,6 +264,11 @@ impl ListView {
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             center_y: LayoutAnchorY::center(anchor_view),
             
+            // Note that AppKit needs this to be the ScrollView!
+            // @TODO: Figure out if there's a use case for exposing the inner tableview animator
+            // property...
+            animator: ViewAnimatorProxy::new(anchor_view),
+
             objc: ObjcProperty::retain(view),
 
             scrollview
@@ -310,6 +317,7 @@ impl<T> ListView<T> where T: ListViewDelegate + 'static {
             menu: PropertyNullable::default(),
             delegate: None,
             objc: ObjcProperty::retain(view),
+            animator: ViewAnimatorProxy::new(anchor_view),
 
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             top: LayoutAnchorY::top(anchor_view),
@@ -355,12 +363,13 @@ impl<T> ListView<T> {
     /// callback pointer. We use this in calling `did_load()` - implementing delegates get a way to
     /// reference, customize and use the view but without the trickery of holding pieces of the
     /// delegate - the `View` is the only true holder of those.
-    pub(crate) fn clone_as_handle(&self) -> ListView {
+    pub fn clone_as_handle(&self) -> ListView {
         ListView {
             cell_factory: CellFactory::new(),
             menu: self.menu.clone(),
             delegate: None,
             objc: self.objc.clone(),
+            animator: self.animator.clone(),
 
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             top: self.top.clone(),
@@ -490,6 +499,34 @@ impl<T> ListView<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// This hack exists to avoid a bug with how Rust's model isn't really friendly with more
+    /// old-school GUI models. The tl;dr is that we unfortunately have to cheat a bit to gracefully
+    /// handle two conditions.
+    ///
+    /// The gist of it is that there are two situations (`perform_batch_updates` and `insert_rows`)
+    /// where we call over to the list view to, well, perform updates. This causes the internal
+    /// machinery of AppKit to call to the delegate, and the delegate then - rightfully - calls to
+    /// dequeue a cell.
+    ///
+    /// The problem is then that dequeue'ing a cell requires borrowing the underlying cell handler,
+    /// per Rust's model. We haven't been able to drop our existing lock though! Thus it winds up
+    /// panic'ing and all hell breaks loose.
+    ///
+    /// For now, we just drop to Objective-C and message pass directly to avoid a
+    /// double-locking-attempt on the Rust side of things. This is explicitly not ideal, and if
+    /// you're reading this and rightfully going "WTF?", I encourage you to contribute a solution
+    /// if you can come up with one.
+    ///
+    /// In practice, this hack isn't that bad - at least, no worse than existing Objective-C code.
+    /// The behavior is relatively well understood and documented in the above paragraph, so I'm
+    /// comfortable with the hack for now.
+    ///
+    /// To be ultra-clear: the hack is that we don't `borrow_mut` before sending a message. It just
+    /// feels dirty, hence the novel. ;P
+    fn hack_avoid_dequeue_loop<F: Fn(&Object)>(&self, handler: F) {
+        self.objc.get(handler);
+    }
+
     /// This method should be used when inserting or removing multiple rows at once. Under the
     /// hood, it batches the changes and tries to ensure things are done properly. The provided
     /// `ListView` for the handler is your `ListView`, and you can call `insert_rows`,
@@ -511,14 +548,9 @@ impl<T> ListView<T> {
             let handle = self.clone_as_handle();
             update(handle);
 
-            // This is cheating, but there's no good way around it at the moment. If we (mutably) lock in
-            // Rust here, firing this call will loop back around into `dequeue`, which will then
-            // hit a double lock.
-            //
-            // Personally, I can live with this - `endUpdates` is effectively just flushing the
-            // already added updates, so with this small hack here we're able to keep the mutable
-            // borrow structure everywhere else, which feels "correct".
-            self.objc.get(|obj| unsafe {
+            // This is done for a very explicit reason; see the comments on the method itself for
+            // an explanation.
+            self.hack_avoid_dequeue_loop(|obj| unsafe {
                 let _: () = msg_send![obj, endUpdates];
             });
         }
@@ -545,7 +577,9 @@ impl<T> ListView<T> {
             // has also retained it.
             let x = ShareId::from_ptr(index_set);
             
-            self.objc.with_mut(|obj| {
+            // This is done for a very explicit reason; see the comments on the method itself for
+            // an explanation.
+            self.hack_avoid_dequeue_loop(|obj| {
                 let _: () = msg_send![obj, insertRowsAtIndexes:&*x withAnimation:animation_options];
             });
         }
@@ -647,6 +681,15 @@ impl<T> ListView<T> {
         });
     }
 
+    /// Makes this table view the first responder.
+    #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
+    pub fn make_first_responder(&self) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let window: id = msg_send![&*obj, window];
+            let _: () = msg_send![window, makeFirstResponder:&*obj];
+        });
+    }
+
     /// Reloads the underlying ListView. This is more expensive than handling insert/reload/remove
     /// calls yourself, but often easier to implement.
     ///
@@ -689,15 +732,15 @@ impl<T> ListView<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Layout for ListView<T> {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl<T> ObjcAccess for ListView<T> {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         // In AppKit, we need to provide the scrollview for layout purposes - iOS and tvOS will know
         // what to do normally.
         #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
         self.scrollview.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         // In AppKit, we need to provide the scrollview for layout purposes - iOS and tvOS will know
         // what to do normally.
         //
@@ -708,6 +751,8 @@ impl<T> Layout for ListView<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> Layout for ListView<T> {}
+
 impl<T> Drop for ListView<T> {
     /// A bit of extra cleanup for delegate callback pointers. If the originating `View` is being
     /// dropped, we do some logic to clean it all up (e.g, we go ahead and check to see if

src/listview/row/mod.rs

@@ -52,11 +52,12 @@ use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSArray, NSString};
 use crate::color::Color;
 use crate::layer::Layer;
 use crate::layout::Layout;
-use crate::view::ViewDelegate;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
+use crate::view::{ViewAnimatorProxy, ViewDelegate};
 use crate::utils::properties::ObjcProperty;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
-use crate::layout::{LayoutAnchorX, LayoutAnchorY, LayoutAnchorDimension};
+use crate::layout::{LayoutAnchorX, LayoutAnchorY, LayoutAnchorDimension, SafeAreaLayoutGuide};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
 mod appkit;
@@ -93,11 +94,18 @@ fn allocate_view(registration_fn: fn() -> *const Class) -> id {
 /// side anyway.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ListViewRow<T = ()> {
+    /// An object that supports limited animations. Can be cloned into animation closures.
+    pub animator: ViewAnimatorProxy,
+
     /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime view controller.
     pub objc: ObjcProperty,
 
     /// A pointer to the delegate for this view.
     pub delegate: Option<Box<T>>,
+
+    /// A safe layout guide property.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub safe_layout_guide: SafeAreaLayoutGuide,
     
     /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime top layout constraint.
     #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
@@ -154,6 +162,10 @@ impl ListViewRow {
         ListViewRow {
             delegate: None,
             objc: ObjcProperty::retain(view),
+            animator: ViewAnimatorProxy::new(view),
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            safe_layout_guide: SafeAreaLayoutGuide::new(view),
             
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             top: LayoutAnchorY::top(view),
@@ -211,6 +223,10 @@ impl<T> ListViewRow<T> where T: ViewDelegate + 'static {
         let view = ListViewRow {
             delegate: Some(delegate),
             objc: ObjcProperty::retain(view),
+            animator: ViewAnimatorProxy::new(view),
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            safe_layout_guide: SafeAreaLayoutGuide::new(view),
             
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             top: LayoutAnchorY::top(view),
@@ -263,6 +279,10 @@ impl<T> ListViewRow<T> where T: ViewDelegate + 'static {
         let mut view = ListViewRow {
             delegate: None,
             objc: ObjcProperty::retain(view),
+            animator: ViewAnimatorProxy::new(view),
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            safe_layout_guide: SafeAreaLayoutGuide::new(view),
             
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             top: LayoutAnchorY::top(view),
@@ -311,7 +331,11 @@ impl<T> ListViewRow<T> where T: ViewDelegate + 'static {
         ListViewRow {
             delegate: None,
             objc: self.objc.clone(),
+            animator: self.animator.clone(),
             
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            safe_layout_guide: self.safe_layout_guide.clone(),
+
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             top: self.top.clone(),
 
@@ -354,9 +378,13 @@ impl<T> ListViewRow<T> {
         crate::view::View {
             delegate: None,
             is_handle: true,
-            layer: Layer::new(),
+            layer: Layer::new(), // @TODO: Fix & return cloned true layer for this row.
             objc: self.objc.clone(),
-            
+            animator: self.animator.clone(),
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            safe_layout_guide: self.safe_layout_guide.clone(),
+
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             top: self.top.clone(),
             
@@ -408,16 +436,18 @@ impl<T> ListViewRow<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Layout for ListViewRow<T> {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl<T> ObjcAccess for ListViewRow<T> {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> Layout for ListViewRow<T> {}
+
 impl<T> Drop for ListViewRow<T> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
     }

src/listview/traits.rs

@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ pub trait ListViewDelegate {
     /// had time to sit down and figure them out properly yet.
     fn item_for(&self, row: usize) -> ListViewRow;
 
-    /// Called when an item has been selected (clicked/tapped on).
-    fn item_selected(&self, row: usize) {}
+    /// Called when an item has been selected (clicked/tapped on). If the selection was cleared,
+    /// then this will be called with `None`.
+    fn item_selected(&self, row: Option<usize>) {}
 
     /// Called when the menu for the tableview is about to be shown. You can update the menu here
     /// depending on, say, what the user has context-clicked on. You should avoid any expensive

src/objc_access.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//! Implements a parent trait for the various sub-traits we use throughout Cacao. The methods
+//! defined on here provide access handlers for common properties that the sub-traits need to
+//! enable modifying.
+
+use objc::runtime::Object;
+
+use crate::foundation::id;
+
+/// Types that implement this should provide access to their underlying root node type (e.g, the
+/// view or control). Traits that have this as their super-trait can rely on this to ensure access
+/// without needing to derive or do extra work elsewhere.
+#[allow(unused_variables)]
+pub trait ObjcAccess {
+    /// Used for mutably interacting with the underlying Objective-C instance.
+    /// Setters should use this.
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F);
+
+    /// Used for checking backing properties of the underlying Objective-C instance, without
+    /// needing a mutable borrow.
+    ///
+    /// Getters should use this.
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R;
+}

src/pasteboard/mod.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 use objc_id::ShareId;
 use url::Url;
 
-use crate::foundation::{id, nil, NSString, NSArray};
+use crate::foundation::{id, nil, NSString, NSArray, NSURL};
 use crate::error::Error;
 
 mod types;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl Pasteboard {
     /// _Note that this method returns a list of `Url` entities, in an attempt to be closer to how
     /// Cocoa & co operate. This method may go away in the future if it's determined that people
     /// wind up just using `get_file_paths()`._
-    pub fn get_file_urls(&self) -> Result<Vec<Url>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    pub fn get_file_urls(&self) -> Result<Vec<NSURL>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         unsafe {
             let class: id = msg_send![class!(NSURL), class];
             let classes = NSArray::new(&[class]);
@@ -113,40 +113,7 @@ impl Pasteboard {
             }
 
             let urls = NSArray::retain(contents).map(|url| {
-                let path = NSString::retain(msg_send![url, path]);
-                Url::parse(&format!("file://{}", path.to_str()))
-            }).into_iter().filter_map(|r| r.ok()).collect();
-
-            Ok(urls)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Looks inside the pasteboard contents and extracts what FileURLs are there, if any.
-    ///
-    /// Note that this method operates on file paths, as opposed to URLs, and returns a list of
-    /// results in a format more Rust-y.
-    pub fn get_file_paths(&self) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-        unsafe {
-            let class: id = msg_send![class!(NSURL), class];
-            let classes = NSArray::new(&[class]);
-            let contents: id = msg_send![&*self.0, readObjectsForClasses:classes options:nil];
-            
-            // This can happen if the Pasteboard server has an error in returning items.
-            // In our case, we'll bubble up an error by checking the pasteboard.
-            if contents == nil {
-                // This error is not necessarily "correct", but in the event of an error in
-                // Pasteboard server retrieval I'm not sure where to check... and this stuff is
-                // kinda ancient and has conflicting docs in places. ;P
-                return Err(Box::new(Error {
-                    code: 666,
-                    domain: "com.cacao-rs.pasteboard".to_string(),
-                    description: "Pasteboard server returned no data.".to_string()
-                }));
-            }
-
-            let urls = NSArray::retain(contents).map(|url| {
-                let path = NSString::retain(msg_send![url, path]).to_str().to_string();
-                PathBuf::from(path)
+                NSURL::retain(url)
             }).into_iter().collect();
 
             Ok(urls)

src/progress/mod.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSUInteger};
 use crate::color::Color;
 use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::utils::properties::ObjcProperty;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
@@ -201,16 +202,18 @@ impl ProgressIndicator {
     }
 }
 
-impl Layout for ProgressIndicator {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl ObjcAccess for ProgressIndicator {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
 }
 
+impl Layout for ProgressIndicator {}
+
 impl Drop for ProgressIndicator {
     /// A bit of extra cleanup for delegate callback pointers. 
     /// If the originating `ProgressIndicator` is being

src/quicklook/config.rs

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl Default for ThumbnailConfig {
             
             // #TODO: Should query the current screen size maybe? 2x is fairly safe
             // for most moderns Macs right now.
-            scale: 2.,
+            scale: 1.,
             
             minimum_dimension: 0.,
 

src/quicklook/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::path::Path;
 
-use objc::runtime::{Object};
+use objc::runtime::Object;
 use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 use objc_id::ShareId;
 
@@ -17,13 +17,19 @@ pub use config::{ThumbnailConfig, ThumbnailQuality};
 pub struct ThumbnailGenerator(pub ShareId<Object>);
 
 impl ThumbnailGenerator {
+    /// Returns the global shared, wrapped, QLThumbnailGenerator.
     pub fn shared() -> Self {
         ThumbnailGenerator(unsafe {
             ShareId::from_ptr(msg_send![class!(QLThumbnailGenerator), sharedGenerator])
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn generate<F>(&self, path: &Path, config: ThumbnailConfig, callback: F)
+    /// Given a path and config, will generate a preview image, calling back on the provided
+    /// callback closure.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this callback can come back on a separate thread, so react accordingly to get to
+    /// the main thread if you need to.
+    pub fn generate_from_path<F>(&self, path: &Path, config: ThumbnailConfig, callback: F)
     where
         F: Fn(Result<(Image, ThumbnailQuality), Error>) + Send + Sync + 'static
     {

src/scrollview/mod.rs

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSArray, NSString};
 use crate::color::Color;
-
 use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::pasteboard::PasteboardType;
 use crate::utils::properties::ObjcProperty;
 
@@ -300,16 +300,18 @@ impl<T> ScrollView<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Layout for ScrollView<T> {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl<T> ObjcAccess for ScrollView<T> {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> Layout for ScrollView<T> {}
+
 impl<T> Drop for ScrollView<T> {
     /// A bit of extra cleanup for delegate callback pointers. If the originating `View` is being
     /// dropped, we do some logic to clean it all up (e.g, we go ahead and check to see if

src/select/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+//! Implements a Select-style dropdown. By default this uses NSPopupSelect on macOS.
+
+use std::sync::Once;
+
+use core_graphics::geometry::CGRect;
+
+use objc_id::ShareId;
+use objc::declare::ClassDecl;
+use objc::runtime::{Class, Object, Sel};
+use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
+
+use crate::control::Control;
+use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSString, NSInteger};
+use crate::invoker::TargetActionHandler;
+use crate::geometry::Rect;
+use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
+use crate::utils::properties::ObjcProperty;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+use crate::layout::{LayoutAnchorX, LayoutAnchorY, LayoutAnchorDimension};
+
+/// Wraps `NSPopUpSelect` on AppKit. Not currently implemented for iOS.
+///
+/// Acts like a `<select>` dropdown, if you're familiar with HTML. Use for dropdown option
+/// selecting.
+///
+/// Some properties are platform-specific; see the documentation for further information.
+///
+/// ```rust,no_run
+/// let mut dropdown = Select::new();
+///
+/// // Make sure you don't let your Select drop for as long as you need it.
+/// my_view.add_subview(&dropdown);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Select {
+    /// A handle for the underlying Objective-C object.
+    pub objc: ObjcProperty,
+
+    handler: Option<TargetActionHandler>,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime top layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub top: LayoutAnchorY,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime leading layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub leading: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime left layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub left: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime trailing layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub trailing: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime right layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub right: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime bottom layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub bottom: LayoutAnchorY,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime width layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub width: LayoutAnchorDimension,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime height layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub height: LayoutAnchorDimension,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime center X layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub center_x: LayoutAnchorX,
+
+    /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime center Y layout constraint.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub center_y: LayoutAnchorY
+}
+
+impl Select {
+    /// Creates a new `Select` instance, configures it appropriately,
+    /// and retains the necessary Objective-C runtime pointer.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let zero: CGRect = Rect::zero().into();
+        
+        let view: id = unsafe {
+            let alloc: id = msg_send![register_class(), alloc];
+            let select: id = msg_send![alloc, initWithFrame:zero pullsDown:NO];
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            let _: () = msg_send![select, setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];
+            
+            select
+        };
+        
+        Select {
+            handler: None,
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            top: LayoutAnchorY::top(view),
+            
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            left: LayoutAnchorX::left(view),
+            
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            leading: LayoutAnchorX::leading(view),
+            
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            right: LayoutAnchorX::right(view),
+            
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            trailing: LayoutAnchorX::trailing(view),
+            
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            bottom: LayoutAnchorY::bottom(view),
+            
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            width: LayoutAnchorDimension::width(view),
+            
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            height: LayoutAnchorDimension::height(view),
+            
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            center_x: LayoutAnchorX::center(view),
+            
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            center_y: LayoutAnchorY::center(view),
+            
+            objc: ObjcProperty::retain(view),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Attaches a callback for selection events.
+    /// Much like `Button`, this really needs to be revisited.
+    ///
+    /// Really, this is not ideal.
+    ///
+    /// I cannot stress this enough.
+    pub fn set_action<F: Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static>(&mut self, action: F) {
+        // @TODO: This probably isn't ideal but gets the job done for now; needs revisiting.
+        let this = self.objc.get(|obj| unsafe { ShareId::from_ptr(msg_send![obj, self]) });
+        let handler = TargetActionHandler::new(&*this, action);
+        self.handler = Some(handler);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets whether this pulls down (dropdown) or pops up.
+    pub fn set_pulls_down(&self, pulls_down: bool) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setPullsDown:match pulls_down {
+                true => YES,
+                false => NO
+            }];
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Adds an item to the dropdown list.
+    pub fn add_item(&self, title: &str) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let s = NSString::new(title);
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, addItemWithTitle:s];
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Removes all items from the dropdown list.
+    pub fn remove_all_items(&self) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, removeAllItems];
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Remove the item at the specified index.
+    pub fn remove_item_at_index(&self, index: usize) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, removeItemAtIndex:index];
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_selected_index(&self, index: NSInteger) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, selectItemAtIndex:index];
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the selected index.
+    pub fn get_selected_index(&self) -> usize {
+        self.objc.get(|obj| unsafe {
+            let index: NSInteger = msg_send![obj, indexOfSelectedItem];
+            index as usize
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of items in the dropdown.
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.objc.get(|obj| unsafe {
+            let index: NSInteger = msg_send![obj, numberOfItems];
+            index as usize
+        })       
+    }
+}
+
+impl ObjcAccess for Select {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(handler);
+    }
+
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+        self.objc.get(handler)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Layout for Select {
+    fn add_subview<V: Layout>(&self, _view: &V) { 
+        panic!(r#"
+            Tried to add a subview to a Select. This is not allowed in Cacao. If you think this should be supported, 
+            open a discussion on the GitHub repo.
+        "#);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Control for Select {}
+
+impl ObjcAccess for &Select {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(handler);
+    }
+
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+        self.objc.get(handler)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Layout for &Select {
+    fn add_subview<V: Layout>(&self, _view: &V) { 
+        panic!(r#"
+            Tried to add a subview to a Select. This is not allowed in Cacao. If you think this should be supported, 
+            open a discussion on the GitHub repo.
+        "#);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Control for &Select {}
+
+impl Drop for Select {
+    /// Nils out references on the Objective-C side and removes this from the backing view.
+    // Just to be sure, let's... nil these out. They should be weak references,
+    // but I'd rather be paranoid and remove them later.
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setTarget:nil];
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setAction:nil];
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+/// Registers an `NSSelect` subclass, and configures it to hold some ivars 
+/// for various things we need to store.
+fn register_class() -> *const Class {
+    static mut VIEW_CLASS: *const Class = 0 as *const Class;
+    static INIT: Once = Once::new();
+
+    INIT.call_once(|| unsafe {
+        let superclass = class!(NSPopUpButton);
+        let decl = ClassDecl::new("CacaoSelect", superclass).unwrap(); 
+        VIEW_CLASS = decl.register();
+    });
+
+    unsafe { VIEW_CLASS }
+}

src/switch.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, BOOL, YES, NO, NSString};
 use crate::invoker::TargetActionHandler;
 use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::utils::{load, properties::ObjcProperty};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
@@ -143,15 +144,17 @@ impl Switch {
     }
 }
 
-impl Layout for Switch {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl ObjcAccess for Switch {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
-    
+}
+
+impl Layout for Switch {
     fn add_subview<V: Layout>(&self, _view: &V) { 
         panic!(r#"
             Tried to add a subview to a Switch. This is not allowed in Cacao. If you think this should be supported, 

src/text/attributed_string.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@ use objc_id::Id;
 use crate::color::Color;
 use crate::foundation::{id, to_bool, BOOL, YES, NO, NSString};
 
+use super::Font;
+
 extern "C" {
     static NSForegroundColorAttributeName: id;
+    static NSFontAttributeName: id;
 }
 
 /// A wrapper around `NSMutableAttributedString`, which can be used for more complex text
@@ -54,6 +57,16 @@ impl AttributedString {
             ];
         }
     }
+
+    /// Set the font for the specified range.
+    pub fn set_font(&mut self, font: Font, range: Range<isize>) {
+        unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![&*self.0, addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName
+                value:&*font
+                range:range
+            ];
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for AttributedString {

src/text/label/mod.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSArray, NSInteger, NSUInteger, NSString};
 use crate::color::Color;
 use crate::layout::Layout;
-use crate::text::{Font, TextAlign, LineBreakMode};
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
+use crate::text::{AttributedString, Font, TextAlign, LineBreakMode};
 use crate::utils::properties::ObjcProperty;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
@@ -77,7 +78,12 @@ fn allocate_view(registration_fn: fn() -> *const Class) -> id {
         let view: id = {
             // This sucks, but for now, sure.
             let blank = NSString::no_copy("");
-            msg_send![registration_fn(), labelWithString:&*blank]
+            let label: id = msg_send![registration_fn(), wrappingLabelWithString:&*blank];
+            
+            // We sub this in to get the general expected behavior for 202*.
+            let _: () = msg_send![label, setSelectable:NO];
+
+            label
         };
 
         #[cfg(feature = "uikit")]
@@ -361,6 +367,13 @@ impl<T> Label<T> {
         });
     }
 
+    /// Sets the attributed string to be the attributed string value on this label.
+    pub fn set_attributed_text(&self, text: AttributedString) {
+        self.objc.with_mut(|obj| unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![obj, setAttributedStringValue:&*text];
+        });
+    }
+
     /// Retrieve the text currently held in the label.
     pub fn get_text(&self) -> String {
         self.objc.get(|obj| unsafe {
@@ -416,16 +429,18 @@ impl<T> Label<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Layout for Label<T> {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl<T> ObjcAccess for Label<T> {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> Layout for Label<T> {}
+
 impl<T> Drop for Label<T> {
     /// A bit of extra cleanup for delegate callback pointers. If the originating `Label` is being
     /// dropped, we do some logic to clean it all up (e.g, we go ahead and check to see if

src/user_notifications/enums.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 use crate::foundation::NSUInteger;
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum NotificationAuthOption {
     Badge,
     Sound,

src/user_notifications/mod.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub mod notifications;
 pub use notifications::Notification;
 
 /// Acts as a central interface to the Notification Center on macOS.
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct NotificationCenter;
 
 impl NotificationCenter {
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ impl NotificationCenter {
         unsafe {
             // @TODO: Revisit.
             let block = ConcreteBlock::new(|_: id, error: id| {
-                let localized_description = NSString::wrap(msg_send![error, localizedDescription]); 
+                let localized_description = NSString::new(msg_send![error, localizedDescription]); 
                 let e = localized_description.to_str();
                 if e != "" {
                     println!("{:?}", e);

src/user_notifications/notifications.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use crate::foundation::{id, NSString};
 
 /// A wrapper for `UNMutableNotificationContent`. Retains the pointer from the Objective C side,
 /// and is ultimately dropped upon sending.
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Notification(pub Id<Object>);
 
 impl Notification {

src/view/animator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use core_graphics::base::CGFloat;
+
+use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
+use objc::runtime::{Class, Object};
+use objc_id::ShareId;
+
+use crate::foundation::id;
+
+/// A wrapper for an animation proxy object in Cocoa that supports basic animations.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct ViewAnimatorProxy(pub ShareId<Object>);
+
+impl ViewAnimatorProxy {
+    pub fn new(proxy: id) -> Self {
+        Self(unsafe {
+            ShareId::from_ptr(msg_send![proxy, animator])
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the alpha value for the view being animated.
+    pub fn set_alpha(&self, value: CGFloat) {
+        unsafe {
+            let _: () = msg_send![&*self.0, setAlphaValue:value];
+        }
+    }
+}

src/view/controller/mod.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 
 use crate::foundation::id;
 use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::view::{VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR, View, ViewDelegate};
 use crate::utils::Controller;
 
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ where
                 (&mut *vc).set_ivar(VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR, ptr as usize);
             }
 
-            view.with_backing_node(|backing_node| {
+            view.with_backing_obj_mut(|backing_node| {
                 let _: () = msg_send![vc, setView:backing_node];
             });
 

src/view/mod.rs

@@ -48,14 +48,18 @@ use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSArray, NSString};
 use crate::color::Color;
 use crate::layer::Layer;
 use crate::layout::Layout;
+use crate::objc_access::ObjcAccess;
 use crate::utils::properties::ObjcProperty;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
-use crate::layout::{LayoutAnchorX, LayoutAnchorY, LayoutAnchorDimension};
+use crate::layout::{LayoutAnchorX, LayoutAnchorY, LayoutAnchorDimension, SafeAreaLayoutGuide};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "appkit")]
 use crate::pasteboard::PasteboardType;
 
+mod animator;
+pub use animator::ViewAnimatorProxy;
+
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "appkit", path = "appkit.rs")]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "uikit", path = "uikit.rs")]
 mod native_interface;
@@ -88,6 +92,9 @@ pub struct View<T = ()> {
     /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime view controller.
     pub objc: ObjcProperty,
 
+    /// An object that supports limited animations. Can be cloned into animation closures.
+    pub animator: ViewAnimatorProxy,
+
     /// References the underlying layer. This is consistent across AppKit & UIKit - in AppKit
     /// we explicitly opt in to layer backed views.
     pub layer: Layer,
@@ -95,6 +102,10 @@ pub struct View<T = ()> {
     /// A pointer to the delegate for this view.
     pub delegate: Option<Box<T>>,
 
+    /// A property containing safe layout guides.
+    #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+    pub safe_layout_guide: SafeAreaLayoutGuide,
+
     /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime top layout constraint.
     #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
     pub top: LayoutAnchorY,
@@ -161,6 +172,9 @@ impl View {
         View {
             is_handle: false,
             delegate: None,
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            safe_layout_guide: SafeAreaLayoutGuide::new(view),
             
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             top: LayoutAnchorY::top(view),
@@ -196,6 +210,7 @@ impl View {
                 msg_send![view, layer]
             }),
 
+            animator: ViewAnimatorProxy::new(view),
             objc: ObjcProperty::retain(view),
         }
     }
@@ -231,17 +246,21 @@ impl<T> View<T> where T: ViewDelegate + 'static {
 }
 
 impl<T> View<T> {
-    /// An internal method that returns a clone of this object, sans references to the delegate or
+    /// Returns a clone of this object, sans references to the delegate or
     /// callback pointer. We use this in calling `did_load()` - implementing delegates get a way to
     /// reference, customize and use the view but without the trickery of holding pieces of the
     /// delegate - the `View` is the only true holder of those.
-    pub(crate) fn clone_as_handle(&self) -> View {
+    pub fn clone_as_handle(&self) -> View {
         View {
             delegate: None,
             is_handle: true,
             layer: self.layer.clone(),
             objc: self.objc.clone(),
+            animator: self.animator.clone(),
             
+            #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
+            safe_layout_guide: self.safe_layout_guide.clone(),
+
             #[cfg(feature = "autolayout")]
             top: self.top.clone(),
             
@@ -291,16 +310,18 @@ impl<T> View<T> {
 
 }
 
-impl<T> Layout for View<T> {
-    fn with_backing_node<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
+impl<T> ObjcAccess for View<T> {
+    fn with_backing_obj_mut<F: Fn(id)>(&self, handler: F) {
         self.objc.with_mut(handler);
     }
 
-    fn get_from_backing_node<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
+    fn get_from_backing_obj<F: Fn(&Object) -> R, R>(&self, handler: F) -> R {
         self.objc.get(handler)
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> Layout for View<T> {}
+
 impl<T> Drop for View<T> {
     /// If the instance being dropped is _not_ a handle, then we want to go ahead and explicitly
     /// remove it from any super views.