Further work on splitting for macOS/iOS support

Cargo.toml

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ uuid = { version = "0.8", features = ["v4"], optional = true }
 url = "2.1.1"
 
 [features]
+default = ["macos"]
+macos = []
 cloudkit = []
 user-notifications = ["uuid"]
 webview = []

examples/autolayout.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 //! This example showcases setting up a basic application and window, and setting up some views to
 //! work with autolayout.
 
-use cacao::app::{App, AppDelegate, MacAppDelegate};
 use cacao::color::rgb;
 use cacao::layout::{Layout, LayoutConstraint};
 use cacao::view::View;
-use cacao::window::{Window, WindowConfig, WindowDelegate};
+
+use cacao::macos::app::{App, AppDelegate};
+use cacao::macos::window::{Window, WindowConfig, WindowDelegate};
 
 struct BasicApp {
     window: Window<AppWindow>
 }
 
-impl MacAppDelegate for BasicApp {}
-
 impl AppDelegate for BasicApp {
     fn did_finish_launching(&self) {
         self.window.show();
@@ -29,10 +28,9 @@ struct AppWindow {
 }
 
 impl WindowDelegate for AppWindow {
-    fn did_load(&mut self, window: Window) {
+    fn did_load(&self, window: Window) {
         window.set_title("AutoLayout Example");
         window.set_minimum_content_size(300., 300.);
-        self.window = window;
 
         self.blue.set_background_color(rgb(105, 162, 176));
         self.content.add_subview(&self.blue);
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ impl WindowDelegate for AppWindow {
         self.green.set_background_color(rgb(161, 192, 132));
         self.content.add_subview(&self.green);
 
-        self.window.set_content_view(&self.content);
+        window.set_content_view(&self.content);
 
         LayoutConstraint::activate(&[
             self.blue.top.constraint_equal_to(&self.content.top).offset(16.),

examples/window.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! This example showcases setting up a basic application and window.
 
-use cacao::app::{App, AppDelegate};
-use cacao::window::Window;
+use cacao::macos::app::{App, AppDelegate};
+use cacao::macos::window::Window;
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 struct BasicApp {

examples/window_controller.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 //!
 //! If you're not using that, you can probably get by fine with a standard `NSWindow`.
 
-use cacao::app::{App, AppDelegate};
-use cacao::window::{Window, WindowConfig, WindowController, WindowDelegate};
+use cacao::macos::app::{App, AppDelegate};
+use cacao::macos::window::{Window, WindowConfig, WindowController, WindowDelegate};
 
 struct BasicApp {
     window: WindowController<MyWindow>

examples/window_delegate.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 //! This example showcases setting up a basic application and window delegate.
 //! Window Delegate's give you lifecycle methods that you can respond to.
 
-use cacao::app::{App, AppDelegate};
-use cacao::window::{Window, WindowConfig, WindowDelegate};
+use cacao::macos::app::{App, AppDelegate};
+use cacao::macos::window::{Window, WindowConfig, WindowDelegate};
 
 struct BasicApp {
     window: Window<MyWindow>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl AppDelegate for BasicApp {
 struct MyWindow;
 
 impl WindowDelegate for MyWindow {
-    fn did_load(&mut self, window: Window) {
+    fn did_load(&self, window: Window) {
         window.set_minimum_content_size(400., 400.);
         window.set_title("A Basic Window!?");
     }

src/lib.rs

@@ -72,8 +72,10 @@ pub use core_graphics;
 pub use objc;
 pub use url;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "macos")]
+pub mod macos;
+
 pub mod alert;
-pub mod app;
 pub mod button;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "cloudkit")]
@@ -87,22 +89,18 @@ pub mod filesystem;
 pub mod foundation;
 pub mod geometry;
 pub mod layout;
-pub mod menu;
 pub mod networking;
 pub mod notification_center;
+pub mod pasteboard;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "user-notifications")]
 pub mod user_notifications;
 
-pub mod pasteboard;
-pub mod printing;
-pub mod toolbar;
 pub mod user_activity;
-pub mod utils;
+pub(crate) mod utils;
 pub mod user_defaults;
-//pub mod view;
+
+pub mod view;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "webview")]
 pub mod webview;
-
-pub mod window;

src/macos/app/delegate.rs

@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@ use objc::runtime::{Class, Object, Sel};
 
 use url::Url;
 
-use crate::app::APP_PTR;
-use crate::app::traits::{AppDelegate, MacAppDelegate};
 use crate::error::AppKitError;
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, BOOL, YES, NO, NSUInteger, NSArray, NSString};
-use crate::printing::PrintSettings;
+use crate::macos::app::{APP_PTR, AppDelegate};
+use crate::macos::printing::PrintSettings;
 use crate::user_activity::UserActivity;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "cloudkit")]
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ extern fn did_finish_launching<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a `applicationWillBecomeActive` notification.
-extern fn will_become_active<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn will_become_active<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).will_become_active();
 }
 
@@ -60,12 +59,12 @@ extern fn will_resign_active<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a `applicationDidResignActive` notification.
-extern fn did_resign_active<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn did_resign_active<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).did_resign_active();
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a 'applicationShouldTerminate:` notification.
-extern fn should_terminate<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) -> NSUInteger {
+extern fn should_terminate<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) -> NSUInteger {
     app::<T>(this).should_terminate().into()
 }
 
@@ -75,38 +74,38 @@ extern fn will_terminate<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a `applicationWillHide:` notification.
-extern fn will_hide<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn will_hide<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).will_hide();
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a `applicationDidHide:` notification.
-extern fn did_hide<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn did_hide<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).did_hide();
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a `applicationWillUnhide:` notification.
-extern fn will_unhide<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn will_unhide<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).will_unhide();
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a `applicationDidUnhide:` notification.
-extern fn did_unhide<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn did_unhide<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).did_unhide();
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a `applicationWillUpdate:` notification.
-extern fn will_update<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn will_update<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).will_update();
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a `applicationDidUpdate:` notification.
-extern fn did_update<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn did_update<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).did_update();
 }
 
 /// Fires when the Application Delegate receives a
 /// `applicationShouldHandleReopen:hasVisibleWindows:` notification.
-extern fn should_handle_reopen<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, has_visible_windows: BOOL) -> BOOL {
+extern fn should_handle_reopen<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, has_visible_windows: BOOL) -> BOOL {
     match app::<T>(this).should_handle_reopen(match has_visible_windows {
         YES => true,
         NO => false,
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ extern fn should_handle_reopen<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id,
 }
 
 /// Fires when the application delegate receives a `applicationDockMenu:` request.
-extern fn dock_menu<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) -> id {
+extern fn dock_menu<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) -> id {
     match app::<T>(this).dock_menu() {
         Some(mut menu) => &mut *menu.inner,
         None => nil
@@ -126,13 +125,13 @@ extern fn dock_menu<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) -> id {
 }
 
 /// Fires when the application delegate receives a `application:willPresentError:` notification.
-extern fn will_present_error<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, error: id) -> id {
+extern fn will_present_error<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, error: id) -> id {
     let error = AppKitError::new(error);
     app::<T>(this).will_present_error(error).into_nserror()
 }
 
 /// Fires when the application receives a `applicationDidChangeScreenParameters:` notification.
-extern fn did_change_screen_parameters<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn did_change_screen_parameters<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).did_change_screen_parameters();
 }
 
@@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ extern fn accepted_cloudkit_share<T: AppDelegate>(_this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id,
 }
 
 /// Fires when the application receives an `application:openURLs` message.
-extern fn open_urls<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, file_urls: id) {
+extern fn open_urls<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, file_urls: id) {
     let urls = NSArray::wrap(file_urls).map(|url| {
         let uri = NSString::wrap(unsafe {
             msg_send![url, absoluteString]
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ extern fn open_urls<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, file_urls:
 }
 
 /// Fires when the application receives an `application:openFileWithoutUI:` message.
-extern fn open_file_without_ui<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, file: id) -> BOOL {
+extern fn open_file_without_ui<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, file: id) -> BOOL {
     let filename = NSString::wrap(file);
 
     match app::<T>(this).open_file_without_ui(filename.to_str()) {
@@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ extern fn open_file_without_ui<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id,
 }
 
 /// Fired when the application receives an `applicationShouldOpenUntitledFile:` message.
-extern fn should_open_untitled_file<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) -> BOOL {
+extern fn should_open_untitled_file<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) -> BOOL {
     match app::<T>(this).should_open_untitled_file() {
         true => YES,
         false => NO
@@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ extern fn should_open_untitled_file<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _:
 }
 
 /// Fired when the application receives an `applicationOpenUntitledFile:` message.
-extern fn open_untitled_file<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) -> BOOL {
+extern fn open_untitled_file<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) -> BOOL {
     match app::<T>(this).open_untitled_file() {
         true => YES,
         false => NO
@@ -241,7 +240,7 @@ extern fn open_untitled_file<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) ->
 }
 
 /// Fired when the application receives an `application:openTempFile:` message.
-extern fn open_temp_file<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, filename: id) -> BOOL {
+extern fn open_temp_file<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, filename: id) -> BOOL {
     let filename = NSString::wrap(filename);
 
     match app::<T>(this).open_temp_file(filename.to_str()) {
@@ -251,7 +250,7 @@ extern fn open_temp_file<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, filena
 }
 
 /// Fired when the application receives an `application:printFile:` message.
-extern fn print_file<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, file: id) -> BOOL {
+extern fn print_file<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, file: id) -> BOOL {
     let filename = NSString::wrap(file);
 
     match app::<T>(this).print_file(filename.to_str()) {
@@ -262,7 +261,7 @@ extern fn print_file<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, file: id)
 
 /// Fired when the application receives an `application:printFiles:withSettings:showPrintPanels:`
 /// message.
-extern fn print_files<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, files: id, settings: id, show_print_panels: BOOL) -> NSUInteger {
+extern fn print_files<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, files: id, settings: id, show_print_panels: BOOL) -> NSUInteger {
     let files = NSArray::wrap(files).map(|file| {
         NSString::wrap(file).to_str().to_string()
     });
@@ -277,14 +276,14 @@ extern fn print_files<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, files: id
 }
 
 /// Called when the application's occlusion state has changed.
-extern fn did_change_occlusion_state<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
+extern fn did_change_occlusion_state<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id) {
     app::<T>(this).occlusion_state_changed();
 }
 
 /// Called when the application receives an `application:delegateHandlesKey:` message.
 /// Note: this may not fire in sandboxed applications. Apple's documentation is unclear on the
 /// matter.
-extern fn delegate_handles_key<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, key: id) -> BOOL {
+extern fn delegate_handles_key<T: AppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id, key: id) -> BOOL {
     let key = NSString::wrap(key);
 
     match app::<T>(this).delegate_handles_key(key.to_str()) {
@@ -295,53 +294,7 @@ extern fn delegate_handles_key<T: MacAppDelegate>(this: &Object, _: Sel, _: id,
 
 /// Registers an `NSObject` application delegate, and configures it for the various callbacks and
 /// pointers we need to have.
-pub(crate) fn register_app_delegate_class<T: AppDelegate>() -> *const Class {
-    static mut DELEGATE_CLASS: *const Class = 0 as *const Class;
-    static INIT: Once = Once::new();
-
-    INIT.call_once(|| unsafe {
-        let superclass = class!(NSObject);
-        let mut decl = ClassDecl::new("RSTAppDelegate", superclass).unwrap();
-
-        decl.add_ivar::<usize>(APP_PTR);
-
-        // Launching Applications
-        decl.add_method(sel!(applicationWillFinishLaunching:), will_finish_launching::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _));
-        decl.add_method(sel!(applicationDidFinishLaunching:), did_finish_launching::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _));
-        
-        // Managing Active Status
-        decl.add_method(sel!(applicationDidBecomeActive:), did_become_active::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _));
-        decl.add_method(sel!(applicationWillResignActive:), will_resign_active::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _));
-
-        // Terminating Applications
-        decl.add_method(sel!(applicationWillTerminate:), will_terminate::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _));
-
-        // User Activities
-        decl.add_method(sel!(application:willContinueUserActivityWithType:), will_continue_user_activity_with_type::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _, id) -> BOOL);
-        decl.add_method(sel!(application:continueUserActivity:restorationHandler:), continue_user_activity::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _, id, id) -> BOOL);
-        decl.add_method(sel!(application:didFailToContinueUserActivityWithType:error:), failed_to_continue_user_activity::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _, id, id));
-        decl.add_method(sel!(application:didUpdateUserActivity:), did_update_user_activity::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _, id));
-
-        // Handling push notifications
-        decl.add_method(sel!(application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:), registered_for_remote_notifications::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _, id));
-        decl.add_method(sel!(application:didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:), failed_to_register_for_remote_notifications::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _, id));
-        decl.add_method(sel!(application:didReceiveRemoteNotification:), did_receive_remote_notification::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _, id));
-
-        // CloudKit
-        #[cfg(feature = "cloudkit")]
-        decl.add_method(sel!(application:userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWithMetadata:), accepted_cloudkit_share::<T> as extern fn(&Object, _, _, id));
-
-        DELEGATE_CLASS = decl.register();
-    });
-
-    unsafe {
-        DELEGATE_CLASS
-    }
-}
-
-/// Registers an `NSObject` application delegate, and configures it for the various callbacks and
-/// pointers we need to have.
-pub(crate) fn register_mac_app_delegate_class<T: AppDelegate + MacAppDelegate>() -> *const Class {
+pub(crate) fn register_app_delegate_class<T: AppDelegate + AppDelegate>() -> *const Class {
     static mut DELEGATE_CLASS: *const Class = 0 as *const Class;
     static INIT: Once = Once::new();
 

src/macos/app/mod.rs

@@ -39,20 +39,20 @@ use objc::runtime::Object;
 use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 
 use crate::foundation::{id, YES, NO, NSUInteger, AutoReleasePool};
-use crate::menu::Menu;
+use crate::macos::menu::Menu;
 use crate::notification_center::Dispatcher;
 
 mod class;
 use class::register_app_class;
 
 mod delegate;
-use delegate::{register_app_delegate_class, register_mac_app_delegate_class};
+use delegate::{register_app_delegate_class};
 
 mod enums;
 pub use enums::*;
 
 mod traits;
-pub use traits::{AppDelegate, MacAppDelegate};
+pub use traits::AppDelegate;
 
 pub(crate) static APP_PTR: &str = "rstAppPtr";
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl<T> App<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> App<T> where T: AppDelegate + MacAppDelegate + 'static {
+impl<T> App<T> where T: AppDelegate + 'static {
     /// Creates an NSAutoReleasePool, configures various NSApplication properties (e.g, activation
     /// policies), injects an `NSObject` delegate wrapper, and retains everything on the
     /// Objective-C side of things.
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ impl<T> App<T> where T: AppDelegate + MacAppDelegate + 'static {
         let app_delegate = Box::new(delegate);
 
         let objc_delegate = unsafe {
-            let delegate_class = register_mac_app_delegate_class::<T>();
+            let delegate_class = register_app_delegate_class::<T>();
             let delegate: id = msg_send![delegate_class, new];
             let delegate_ptr: *const T = &*app_delegate;
             (&mut *delegate).set_ivar(APP_PTR, delegate_ptr as usize);

src/macos/app/traits.rs

@@ -3,17 +3,18 @@
 
 use url::Url;
 
-use crate::app::enums::TerminateResponse;
 use crate::error::AppKitError;
-use crate::menu::Menu;
-use crate::printing::enums::PrintResponse;
-use crate::printing::settings::PrintSettings;
 use crate::user_activity::UserActivity;
 
+use crate::macos::app::enums::TerminateResponse;
+use crate::macos::menu::Menu;
+use crate::macos::printing::enums::PrintResponse;
+use crate::macos::printing::settings::PrintSettings;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "cloudkit")]
 use crate::cloudkit::share::CKShareMetaData;
 
-/// `AppDelegate` is more or less `NSAppDelegate` from the Objective-C/Swift side, just named
+/// `AppDelegate` is more or less `NSApplicationDelegate` from the Objective-C/Swift side, just named
 /// differently to fit in with the general naming scheme found within this framework. You can
 /// implement methods from this trait in order to respond to lifecycle events that the system will
 /// fire off.
@@ -64,28 +65,7 @@ pub trait AppDelegate {
     
     /// Fired before the application terminates. You can use this to do any required cleanup.
     fn will_terminate(&self) {}
-}
 
-/// `SceneDelegate` maps over to the newer iOS13+ API. This is necessary in order to support
-/// multiple windows (scenes) on iPadOS, which is a desirable feature.
-pub trait SceneDelegate {
-    /*fn configuration_for(
-        &mut self,
-        session: SceneSession,
-        options: &[SceneConnectionOptions]
-    ) -> SceneConfiguration {
-
-    }
-
-    fn did_discard(&mut self, sessions: &[SceneSession]) {}
-    */
-}
-
-pub trait IOSAppDelegate {
-
-}
-
-pub trait MacAppDelegate {
     /// Fired immediately before the application is about to become active.
     fn will_become_active(&self) {}
 

src/macos/menu/menu.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use objc::runtime::Object;
 use objc::{class, msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
 
 use crate::foundation::{id, NSString};
-use crate::menu::item::MenuItem;
+use crate::macos::menu::item::MenuItem;
 
 /// A struct that represents an `NSMenu`. It takes ownership of items, and handles instrumenting
 /// them throughout the application lifecycle.

src/macos/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//! Mac-specific implementations.
+//!
+//! macOS is a much older system than iOS, and as a result has some... quirks, in addition to just
+//! plain different APIs. It's tempting to want to find a common one and just implement that, but
+//! unfortunately doing so erases a lot of control and finer points of the macOS platform.
+//!
+//! With that said, this framework makes attempts to make things mostly work as you'd expect them
+//! to from the iOS-side of things, which means we wrap things like `NSView` and `NSTableView` and
+//! so on to act like their iOS counterparts (we also layer-back everything by default, as it's
+//! typically what you want).
+//!
+//! _However_, there are some specific things that just can't be wrapped well - for example,
+//! `NSToolbar`. Yes, `UIToolbar` exists, but it's really not close to `NSToolbar` in functionality
+//! at all. For controls like these, we surface them here - the goal is to enable you to write 90%
+//! of your app as a cross platform codebase, with the initial 10% being scaffolding code for the
+//! platform (e.g, NSApplication vs UIApplication lifecycle).
+
+pub mod app;
+pub mod menu;
+pub mod printing;
+pub mod toolbar;
+pub mod window;

src/macos/toolbar/class.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use objc::runtime::{Class, Object, Sel};
 use objc::{class, sel, sel_impl};
 
 use crate::foundation::{id, NSArray, NSString};
-use crate::toolbar::{TOOLBAR_PTR, ToolbarDelegate};
+use crate::macos::toolbar::{TOOLBAR_PTR, ToolbarDelegate};
 use crate::utils::load;
 
 /// Retrieves and passes the allowed item identifiers for this toolbar.

src/macos/toolbar/traits.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //! go. Currently a bit incomplete in that we don't support the customizing workflow, but feel free
 //! to pull request it.
 
-use crate::toolbar::{Toolbar, ToolbarItem};
+use crate::macos::toolbar::{Toolbar, ToolbarItem};
 
 /// A trait that you can implement to have your struct/etc act as an `NSToolbarDelegate`.
 pub trait ToolbarDelegate {

src/macos/window/class.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use objc::{class, sel, sel_impl};
 
 use crate::foundation::{id, BOOL, YES, NO, NSUInteger};
 use crate::utils::{load, CGSize};
-use crate::window::{WindowDelegate, WINDOW_DELEGATE_PTR};
+use crate::macos::window::{WindowDelegate, WINDOW_DELEGATE_PTR};
 
 /// Called when an `NSWindowDelegate` receives a `windowWillClose:` event.
 /// Good place to clean up memory and what not.

src/macos/window/config.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 use crate::foundation::NSUInteger;
 use crate::geometry::Rect;
-use crate::window::enums::WindowStyle;
+use crate::macos::window::enums::WindowStyle;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct WindowConfig {

src/macos/window/controller/class.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use objc::declare::ClassDecl;
 use objc::runtime::Class;
 use objc::class;
 
-use crate::window::{WindowDelegate, WINDOW_DELEGATE_PTR};
+use crate::macos::window::{WindowDelegate, WINDOW_DELEGATE_PTR};
 
 /// Injects an `NSWindowController` subclass, with some callback and pointer ivars for what we
 /// need to do.

src/macos/window/controller/mod.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 //! # How to use
 //!
 //! ```rust,no_run
-//! use cacao::app::AppDelegate;
-//! use cacao::window::{WindowController, WindowDelegate};
+//! use cacao::macos::app::AppDelegate;
+//! use cacao::macos::window::{WindowController, WindowDelegate};
 //!
 //! #[derive(Default)]
 //! struct MyWindow;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use objc_id::ShareId;
 
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil};
 use crate::utils::Controller;
-use crate::window::{Window, WindowConfig, WindowDelegate, WINDOW_DELEGATE_PTR};
+use crate::macos::window::{Window, WindowConfig, WindowDelegate, WINDOW_DELEGATE_PTR};
 
 mod class;
 use class::register_window_controller_class;

src/macos/window/mod.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use objc_id::ShareId;
 use crate::color::Color;
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, YES, NO, NSString, NSInteger, NSUInteger};
 use crate::layout::traits::Layout;
-use crate::toolbar::{Toolbar, ToolbarDelegate};
+use crate::macos::toolbar::{Toolbar, ToolbarDelegate};
 use crate::utils::Controller;
 
 mod class;

src/macos/window/traits.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 //! module. There's a few different ones, and it's just... cleaner, if
 //! it's organized here.
 
-use crate::app::PresentationOption;
-use crate::window::Window;
+use crate::macos::app::PresentationOption;
+use crate::macos::window::Window;
 
 /// Lifecycle events for anything that `impl Window`'s. These map to the standard Cocoa
 /// lifecycle methods, but mix in a few extra things to handle offering configuration tools

src/pasteboard/mod.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use url::Url;
 use crate::foundation::{id, nil, NSString, NSArray};
 use crate::error::AppKitError;
 
-pub mod types;
+mod types;
 pub use types::{PasteboardName, PasteboardType};
 
 /// Represents an `NSPasteboard`, enabling you to handle copy/paste/drag and drop.

src/view/class.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 //! for in the modern era. It also implements a few helpers for things like setting a background
 //! color, and enforcing layer backing by default.
 
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Once;
 
 use objc::declare::ClassDecl;
@@ -28,85 +27,53 @@ extern fn enforce_normalcy(_: &Object, _: Sel) -> BOOL {
 /// Called when a drag/drop operation has entered this view.
 extern fn dragging_entered<T: ViewDelegate>(this: &mut Object, _: Sel, info: id) -> NSUInteger {
     let view = load::<T>(this, VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
-
-    let response = {
-        let v = view.borrow();
-
-        (*v).dragging_entered(DragInfo {
+    view.dragging_entered(DragInfo {
         info: unsafe { Id::from_ptr(info) }
     }).into()
-    };
-
-    Rc::into_raw(view);
-    response
 }
 
 /// Called when a drag/drop operation has entered this view.
 extern fn prepare_for_drag_operation<T: ViewDelegate>(this: &mut Object, _: Sel, info: id) -> BOOL {
     let view = load::<T>(this, VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
     
-    let response = {
-        let v = view.borrow();
-        
-        match (*v).prepare_for_drag_operation(DragInfo {
+    match view.prepare_for_drag_operation(DragInfo {
         info: unsafe { Id::from_ptr(info) }
     }) {
         true => YES,
         false => NO
     }
-    };
-
-    Rc::into_raw(view); 
-    response
 }
 
 /// Called when a drag/drop operation has entered this view.
 extern fn perform_drag_operation<T: ViewDelegate>(this: &mut Object, _: Sel, info: id) -> BOOL {
     let view = load::<T>(this, VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
         
-    let response = {
-        let v = view.borrow();
-        
-        match (*v).perform_drag_operation(DragInfo {
+    match view.perform_drag_operation(DragInfo {
         info: unsafe { Id::from_ptr(info) }
     }) {
         true => YES,
         false => NO
     }
-    };
-
-    Rc::into_raw(view); 
-    response
 }
 
 /// Called when a drag/drop operation has entered this view.
 extern fn conclude_drag_operation<T: ViewDelegate>(this: &mut Object, _: Sel, info: id) {
     let view = load::<T>(this, VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
     
-    {
-        let v = view.borrow();
-        (*v).conclude_drag_operation(DragInfo {
+    view.conclude_drag_operation(DragInfo {
         info: unsafe { Id::from_ptr(info) }
     });           
 }
 
-    Rc::into_raw(view); 
-}
-
 /// Called when a drag/drop operation has entered this view.
 extern fn dragging_exited<T: ViewDelegate>(this: &mut Object, _: Sel, info: id) {
     let view = load::<T>(this, VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
         
-    {
-        let v = view.borrow();
-        (*v).dragging_exited(DragInfo {
+    view.dragging_exited(DragInfo {
         info: unsafe { Id::from_ptr(info) }
     });
 }
 
-    Rc::into_raw(view); 
-}
-
 /// Injects an `NSView` subclass. This is used for the default views that don't use delegates - we
 /// have separate classes here since we don't want to waste cycles on methods that will never be
 /// used if there's no delegates.

src/view/controller/class.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 //! Hoists a basic `NSViewController`.
 
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Once;
 
 use objc::declare::ClassDecl;
@@ -13,49 +12,25 @@ use crate::utils::load;
 /// Called when the view controller receives a `viewWillAppear` message.
 extern fn will_appear<T: ViewDelegate>(this: &mut Object, _: Sel) {
     let controller = load::<T>(this, VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
-
-    {
-        let vc = controller.borrow();
-        (*vc).will_appear();
-    }
-
-    Rc::into_raw(controller);
+    controller.will_appear();
 }
 
 /// Called when the view controller receives a `viewDidAppear` message.
 extern fn did_appear<T: ViewDelegate>(this: &mut Object, _: Sel) {
     let controller = load::<T>(this, VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
-
-    {
-        let vc = controller.borrow();
-        (*vc).did_appear();
-    }
-
-    Rc::into_raw(controller);
+    controller.did_appear();
 }
 
 /// Called when the view controller receives a `viewWillDisappear` message.
 extern fn will_disappear<T: ViewDelegate>(this: &mut Object, _: Sel) {
     let controller = load::<T>(this, VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
-
-    {
-        let vc = controller.borrow();
-        (*vc).will_disappear();
-    }
-
-    Rc::into_raw(controller);
+    controller.will_disappear();
 }
 
 /// Called when the view controller receives a `viewDidDisappear` message.
 extern fn did_disappear<T: ViewDelegate>(this: &mut Object, _: Sel) {
     let controller = load::<T>(this, VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR);
-
-    {
-        let vc = controller.borrow();
-        (*vc).did_disappear();
-    }
-
-    Rc::into_raw(controller);
+    controller.did_disappear();
 }
 
 /// Registers an `NSViewDelegate`.

src/view/controller/mod.rs

@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@ pub struct ViewController<T> {
 
 impl<T> ViewController<T> where T: ViewDelegate + 'static {
     pub fn new(delegate: T) -> Self {
-        let mut view = View::with(delegate);
+        let view = View::with(delegate);
 
         let objc = unsafe {
             let vc: id = msg_send![register_view_controller_class::<T>(), new];
             
-            if let Some(ptr)= view.internal_callback_ptr {
+            if let Some(delegate)= &view.delegate {
+                let ptr: *const T = &**delegate;
                 (&mut *vc).set_ivar(VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR, ptr as usize);
             }
 
@@ -32,9 +33,8 @@ impl<T> ViewController<T> where T: ViewDelegate + 'static {
         };
 
         let handle = view.clone_as_handle();
-        if let Some(view_delegate) = &mut view.delegate {
-            let mut view_delegate = view_delegate.borrow_mut();
-            (*view_delegate).did_load(handle);
+        if let Some(view_delegate) = &view.delegate {
+            view_delegate.did_load(handle);
         }
 
         ViewController {

src/view/mod.rs

@@ -41,9 +41,6 @@
 //!
 //! For more information on Autolayout, view the module or check out the examples folder.
 
-use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-
 use objc_id::ShareId;
 use objc::runtime::{Class, Object};
 use objc::{msg_send, sel, sel_impl};
@@ -81,12 +78,8 @@ pub struct View<T = ()> {
     /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime view controller.
     pub objc: ShareId<Object>,
 
-    /// An internal callback pointer that we use in delegate loopbacks. Default implementations
-    /// don't require this.
-    pub(crate) internal_callback_ptr: Option<*const RefCell<T>>,
-
     /// A pointer to the delegate for this view.
-    pub delegate: Option<Rc<RefCell<T>>>,
+    pub delegate: Option<Box<T>>,
 
     /// A pointer to the Objective-C runtime top layout constraint.
     pub top: LayoutAnchorY,
@@ -125,7 +118,6 @@ impl View {
         let view = allocate_view(register_view_class);
 
         View {
-            internal_callback_ptr: None,
             delegate: None,
             top: LayoutAnchorY::new(unsafe { msg_send![view, topAnchor] }),
             leading: LayoutAnchorX::new(unsafe { msg_send![view, leadingAnchor] }),
@@ -144,22 +136,17 @@ impl<T> View<T> where T: ViewDelegate + 'static {
     /// Initializes a new View with a given `ViewDelegate`. This enables you to respond to events
     /// and customize the view as a module, similar to class-based systems.
     pub fn with(delegate: T) -> View<T> {
-        let delegate = Rc::new(RefCell::new(delegate));
-        
-        let internal_callback_ptr = {
-            let cloned = Rc::clone(&delegate);
-            Rc::into_raw(cloned)
-        };
+        let delegate = Box::new(delegate);
         
         let view = allocate_view(register_view_class_with_delegate::<T>);
         unsafe {
             //let view: id = msg_send![register_view_class_with_delegate::<T>(), new];
             //let _: () = msg_send![view, setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];
-            (&mut *view).set_ivar(VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR, internal_callback_ptr as usize);
+            let ptr: *const T = &*delegate;
+            (&mut *view).set_ivar(VIEW_DELEGATE_PTR, ptr as usize);
         };
 
         let mut view = View {
-            internal_callback_ptr: Some(internal_callback_ptr),
             delegate: None,
             top: LayoutAnchorY::new(unsafe { msg_send![view, topAnchor] }),
             leading: LayoutAnchorX::new(unsafe { msg_send![view, leadingAnchor] }),
@@ -172,11 +159,7 @@ impl<T> View<T> where T: ViewDelegate + 'static {
             objc: unsafe { ShareId::from_ptr(view) },
         };
 
-        {
-            let mut delegate = delegate.borrow_mut();
-            (*delegate).did_load(view.clone_as_handle()); 
-        }
-
+        &delegate.did_load(view.clone_as_handle()); 
         view.delegate = Some(delegate);
         view
     }
@@ -189,7 +172,6 @@ impl<T> View<T> {
     /// delegate - the `View` is the only true holder of those.
     pub(crate) fn clone_as_handle(&self) -> View {
         View {
-            internal_callback_ptr: None,
             delegate: None,
             top: self.top.clone(),
             leading: self.leading.clone(),
@@ -245,20 +227,18 @@ impl<T> Layout for View<T> {
 
 impl<T> Drop for View<T> {
     /// A bit of extra cleanup for delegate callback pointers. If the originating `View` is being
-    /// dropped, we do some logic to release the loopback ptr. We also go ahead and check to see if
+    /// dropped, we do some logic to clean it all up (e.g, we go ahead and check to see if
     /// this has a superview (i.e, it's in the heirarchy) on the AppKit side. If it does, we go
-    /// ahead and remove it - this is intended to match the semantics of how Rust handles things.
+    /// ahead and remove it - this is intended to match the semantics of how Rust handles things).
     ///
     /// There are, thankfully, no delegates we need to break here.
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        if let Some(ptr) = &self.internal_callback_ptr {
+        if self.delegate.is_some() {
             unsafe {
                 let superview: id = msg_send![&*self.objc, superview];
                 if superview != nil {
                     let _: () = msg_send![&*self.objc, removeFromSuperview];
                 }
-
-                let _ = Rc::from_raw(ptr);
             }
         }
     }

src/view/traits.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ pub trait ViewDelegate {
     /// Called when the View is ready to work with. You're passed a `ViewHandle` - this is safe to
     /// store and use repeatedly, but it's not thread safe - any UI calls must be made from the
     /// main thread!
-    fn did_load(&mut self, _view: View) {}
+    fn did_load(&self, _view: View) {}
 
     /// Called when this is about to be added to the view heirarchy.
     fn will_appear(&self) {}