diff --git a/gb-vst/src/lib.rs b/gb-vst/src/lib.rs
index 3a2918e..d1a6c5c 100644
--- a/gb-vst/src/lib.rs
+++ b/gb-vst/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ struct EmuParams {}
 struct EmuVars {
     rx: AsyncHeapConsumer<[f32; 2]>,
     sender: Sender<EmulatorMessage>,
-    emulator_core: EmulatorCore,
+    emulator_core: EmulatorCore<[u8; 4]>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct GameboyEmu {
     vars: Option<EmuVars>,
-    frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<u32>>>>>,
+    frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<[u8; 4]>>>>>,
 }
 
 const ROM: &[u8; 32768] = include_bytes!("../../test-roms/Tetris.gb");
diff --git a/gb-vst/src/ui.rs b/gb-vst/src/ui.rs
index 42e5bfe..9597434 100644
--- a/gb-vst/src/ui.rs
+++ b/gb-vst/src/ui.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ use nih_plug::prelude::*;
 use pixels::{Pixels, SurfaceTexture};
 
 pub struct Emulator {
-    frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<u32>>>>>,
+    frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<[u8; 4]>>>>>,
 }
 
 impl Emulator {
-    pub fn new(frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<u32>>>>>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<[u8; 4]>>>>>) -> Self {
         Self { frame_receiver }
     }
 }
@@ -61,11 +61,14 @@ impl Editor for Emulator {
 pub struct EmulatorWindow {
     pix: Pixels,
     scale: usize,
-    frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<u32>>>>>,
+    frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<[u8; 4]>>>>>,
 }
 
 impl EmulatorWindow {
-    fn new(window: &mut Window, frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<u32>>>>>) -> Self {
+    fn new(
+        window: &mut Window,
+        frame_receiver: Arc<Mutex<Option<Receiver<Vec<[u8; 4]>>>>>,
+    ) -> Self {
         let info = WindowInfo::from_logical_size(Size::new(WIDTH as f64, HEIGHT as f64), 1.);
 
         let (pix, scale) = init_pixbuf(info, window);
@@ -105,7 +108,7 @@ impl WindowHandler for EmulatorWindow {
                     for (pixel, source) in
                         self.pix.get_frame_mut().chunks_exact_mut(4).zip(scaled_buf)
                     {
-                        pixel.copy_from_slice(&source.to_be_bytes());
+                        pixel.copy_from_slice(&source);
                     }
                     self.pix.render().unwrap();
                 }
@@ -124,21 +127,21 @@ impl WindowHandler for EmulatorWindow {
 }
 
 pub struct EmulatorRenderer {
-    tx: Sender<Vec<u32>>,
+    tx: Sender<Vec<[u8; 4]>>,
 }
 
 impl EmulatorRenderer {
-    pub(super) fn new() -> (Self, Receiver<Vec<u32>>) {
-        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<Vec<u32>>();
+    pub(super) fn new() -> (Self, Receiver<Vec<[u8; 4]>>) {
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<Vec<[u8; 4]>>();
         (Self { tx }, rx)
     }
 }
 
-impl Renderer for EmulatorRenderer {
+impl Renderer<[u8; 4]> for EmulatorRenderer {
     fn prepare(&mut self, _width: usize, _height: usize) {}
 
     #[allow(unused_must_use)]
-    fn display(&mut self, buffer: &[u32]) {
+    fn display(&mut self, buffer: &[[u8; 4]]) {
         self.tx.send(buffer.to_vec());
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/src/connect/mod.rs b/lib/src/connect/mod.rs
index 9ad53a5..a5a99fd 100644
--- a/lib/src/connect/mod.rs
+++ b/lib/src/connect/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::processor::memory::mmio::gpu::Colour;
 pub use crate::processor::memory::mmio::joypad::JoypadState;
 pub use crate::{HEIGHT, WIDTH};
 use async_ringbuf::{AsyncHeapConsumer, AsyncHeapProducer, AsyncHeapRb};
@@ -12,10 +13,10 @@ pub enum RomFile {
     Raw(Vec<u8>),
 }
 
-pub trait Renderer: Send {
+pub trait Renderer<Format: From<Colour>>: Send {
     fn prepare(&mut self, width: usize, height: usize);
 
-    fn display(&mut self, buffer: &[u32]);
+    fn display(&mut self, buffer: &[Format]);
 
     fn set_title(&mut self, _title: String) {}
 
diff --git a/lib/src/lib.rs b/lib/src/lib.rs
index 743d5fe..0064478 100644
--- a/lib/src/lib.rs
+++ b/lib/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,17 @@
     let_chains,
     slice_flatten,
     async_closure,
-    bigint_helper_methods
+    bigint_helper_methods,
+    associated_type_defaults
 )]
 
 use crate::{processor::memory::Memory, util::pause};
 use connect::{AudioOutput, EmulatorMessage, Renderer, RomFile};
 use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
-use processor::{memory::Rom, Cpu};
+use processor::{
+    memory::{mmio::gpu::Colour, Rom},
+    Cpu,
+};
 use std::{
     fs::{self},
     io::{stdout, Write},
@@ -43,20 +47,20 @@ static VERBOSE: OnceCell<bool> = OnceCell::new();
 pub const WIDTH: usize = 160;
 pub const HEIGHT: usize = 144;
 
-pub struct EmulatorCore {
+pub struct EmulatorCore<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> {
     receiver: Receiver<EmulatorMessage>,
-    cpu: Cpu,
+    cpu: Cpu<ColourFormat>,
     cycle_num: usize,
     cycle_count: bool,
 }
 
-impl EmulatorCore {
+impl<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> EmulatorCore<ColourFormat> {
     pub fn init(
         receiver: Receiver<EmulatorMessage>,
         options: Options,
-        mut window: Box<dyn Renderer>,
+        mut window: Box<dyn Renderer<ColourFormat>>,
         output: AudioOutput,
-        tile_window: Option<Box<dyn Renderer>>,
+        tile_window: Option<Box<dyn Renderer<ColourFormat>>>,
     ) -> Self {
         VERBOSE.set(options.verbose).unwrap();
 
@@ -116,7 +120,7 @@ impl EmulatorCore {
         )
     }
 
-    fn new(receiver: Receiver<EmulatorMessage>, cpu: Cpu, cycle_count: bool) -> Self {
+    fn new(receiver: Receiver<EmulatorMessage>, cpu: Cpu<ColourFormat>, cycle_count: bool) -> Self {
         Self {
             receiver,
             cpu,
diff --git a/lib/src/processor/instructions/instructions.rs b/lib/src/processor/instructions/instructions.rs
index ed0c0b9..facb28d 100644
--- a/lib/src/processor/instructions/instructions.rs
+++ b/lib/src/processor/instructions/instructions.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use crate::{
-    processor::{Cpu, Direction, Flags, Reg8, SplitRegister},
+    processor::{memory::mmio::gpu::Colour, Cpu, Direction, Flags, Reg8, SplitRegister},
     util::{clear_bit, get_bit, set_bit},
 };
 
-impl Cpu {
+impl<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> Cpu<ColourFormat> {
     pub(crate) fn and(&mut self, first: u8, second: u8) -> u8 {
         let result = first & second;
         self.set_or_clear_flag(Flags::Zero, result == 0x0);
diff --git a/lib/src/processor/instructions/primitives.rs b/lib/src/processor/instructions/primitives.rs
index 968a12b..9853f26 100644
--- a/lib/src/processor/instructions/primitives.rs
+++ b/lib/src/processor/instructions/primitives.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use crate::{
-    processor::{Cpu, Direction, Flags, SplitRegister},
+    processor::{memory::mmio::gpu::Colour, Cpu, Direction, Flags, SplitRegister},
     util::{as_signed, get_bit, get_rotation_carry, rotate, Nibbles},
 };
 use std::ops::{BitAnd, BitOr};
 
-impl Cpu {
+impl<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> Cpu<ColourFormat> {
     pub(crate) fn pop_word(&mut self) -> u16 {
         let mut word: u16 = 0x0;
         word.set_low(self.memory.get(self.reg.sp));
diff --git a/lib/src/processor/memory.rs b/lib/src/processor/memory.rs
index 5473589..2e8ff56 100644
--- a/lib/src/processor/memory.rs
+++ b/lib/src/processor/memory.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use self::mmio::{Apu, Gpu, Joypad, Serial, Timer};
+use self::mmio::{gpu::Colour, Apu, Gpu, Joypad, Serial, Timer};
 pub use self::rom::Rom;
 use crate::{
     connect::{AudioOutput, JoypadState, Renderer},
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub(crate) mod rom;
 
 pub(crate) type Address = u16;
 
-pub struct Memory {
+pub struct Memory<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> {
     bootrom: Option<Vec<u8>>,
     rom: Rom,
     ram: [u8; 8192],
@@ -23,20 +23,20 @@ pub struct Memory {
     pub(super) ime_scheduled: u8,
     dma_addr: u8,
     joypad: Joypad,
-    gpu: Gpu,
+    gpu: Gpu<ColourFormat>,
     apu: Apu,
     serial: Serial,
     timers: Timer,
 }
 
-impl Memory {
+impl<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> Memory<ColourFormat> {
     pub fn init(
         bootrom: Option<Vec<u8>>,
         rom: Rom,
-        window: Box<dyn Renderer>,
+        window: Box<dyn Renderer<ColourFormat>>,
         output: AudioOutput,
         connect_serial: bool,
-        tile_window: Option<Box<dyn Renderer>>,
+        tile_window: Option<Box<dyn Renderer<ColourFormat>>>,
     ) -> Self {
         let serial = if connect_serial {
             Serial::default().connected()
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ impl Memory {
     }
 }
 
-impl Cpu {
+impl<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> Cpu<ColourFormat> {
     pub fn increment_timers(&mut self, machine_cycles: u8) {
         let steps = (machine_cycles as usize) * 4;
 
diff --git a/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu.rs b/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu.rs
index 0e58f08..8d22f57 100644
--- a/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu.rs
+++ b/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use self::{
     tile_window::TileWindow,
     types::{
-        Colour, DrawMode, GpuInterrupts, Lcdc, Oam, ObjPalette, ObjSize, Object, ObjectFlags,
-        Palette, Stat, TiledataArea, TilemapArea, Vram,
+        DrawMode, GpuInterrupts, Lcdc, Oam, ObjPalette, ObjSize, Object, ObjectFlags, Palette,
+        Stat, TiledataArea, TilemapArea, Vram,
     },
 };
 use crate::{
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     util::{clear_bit, get_bit},
     HEIGHT, WIDTH,
 };
+pub use types::Colour;
 
 mod addresses;
 mod tile_window;
@@ -19,18 +20,18 @@ mod types;
 const TILE_WINDOW_WIDTH: usize = 16 * 8;
 const TILE_WINDOW_HEIGHT: usize = 24 * 8;
 
-pub struct Gpu {
-    pub buffer: Vec<u32>,
+pub struct Gpu<Format: From<Colour>> {
+    pub buffer: Vec<Format>,
     pub vram: Vram,
     pub oam: Oam,
-    pub window: Box<dyn Renderer>,
+    pub window: Box<dyn Renderer<Format>>,
     is_bg_zero: Vec<bool>,
     lcdc: Lcdc,
     stat: Stat,
     mode_clock: usize,
     scanline: u8,
     lyc: u8,
-    tile_window: Option<TileWindow>,
+    tile_window: Option<TileWindow<Format>>,
     window_lc: u8,
     has_window_been_enabled: bool,
     bg_palette: Palette,
@@ -43,17 +44,21 @@ pub struct Gpu {
     prev_stat: bool,
 }
 
-impl Gpu {
-    pub fn new(window: Box<dyn Renderer>, tile_window_renderer: Option<Box<dyn Renderer>>) -> Self {
+impl<Format: From<Colour> + Clone> Gpu<Format> {
+    pub fn new(
+        window: Box<dyn Renderer<Format>>,
+        tile_window_renderer: Option<Box<dyn Renderer<Format>>>,
+    ) -> Self {
         let tile_window = if let Some(mut tile_window_renderer) = tile_window_renderer {
             tile_window_renderer.prepare(TILE_WINDOW_WIDTH, TILE_WINDOW_HEIGHT);
             Some(TileWindow::new(tile_window_renderer))
         } else {
             None
         };
+        let buffer = vec![Colour::Error.into(); WIDTH * HEIGHT];
 
         Self {
-            buffer: vec![0; WIDTH * HEIGHT],
+            buffer,
             vram: Vram::default(),
             oam: Oam::default(),
             window,
@@ -162,7 +167,7 @@ impl Gpu {
             *e = true;
         }
         for x in 0..WIDTH {
-            self.buffer[(scanline as usize * WIDTH) + x] = Colour::from_u8_rgb(255, 0, 255);
+            self.buffer[(scanline as usize * WIDTH) + x] = Colour::Error.into();
         }
         if self.lcdc.bg_window_enable {
             self.render_scanline_bg(scanline);
@@ -175,7 +180,7 @@ impl Gpu {
             }
         } else {
             for x in 0..WIDTH {
-                self.buffer[(scanline as usize * WIDTH) + x] = Colour::from_u8_rgb(255, 255, 255);
+                self.buffer[(scanline as usize * WIDTH) + x] = Colour::Error.into();
             }
         }
         if self.lcdc.obj_enable {
@@ -295,7 +300,7 @@ impl Gpu {
             if x_coord < WIDTH {
                 let buffer_index = (scanline as usize * WIDTH) + x_coord;
                 if !object.flags.behind_bg_and_window || self.is_bg_zero[x_coord] {
-                    self.buffer[buffer_index] = colour.as_rgb();
+                    self.buffer[buffer_index] = colour.into();
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -340,7 +345,7 @@ impl Gpu {
             let (colour, is_zero) = self.bg_palette.map_bits(lsb, msb);
             self.is_bg_zero[x] = is_zero;
 
-            self.buffer[(scanline as usize * WIDTH) + x] = colour.as_rgb();
+            self.buffer[(scanline as usize * WIDTH) + x] = colour.into();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/addresses.rs b/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/addresses.rs
index 72258de..a5b3bf2 100644
--- a/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/addresses.rs
+++ b/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/addresses.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use crate::util::{get_bit, set_or_clear_bit};
 
 use super::{
     types::{DrawMode, ObjSize, Palette, TiledataArea, TilemapArea},
-    Gpu,
+    Colour, Gpu,
 };
 
-impl Gpu {
+impl<Format: From<Colour>> Gpu<Format> {
     pub fn update_lcdc(&mut self, data: u8) {
         self.lcdc.enable = get_bit(data, 7);
         self.lcdc.window_tilemap = if get_bit(data, 6) {
diff --git a/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/tile_window.rs b/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/tile_window.rs
index 0699ddc..01e95cc 100644
--- a/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/tile_window.rs
+++ b/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/tile_window.rs
@@ -4,23 +4,24 @@ use crate::{
     util::get_bit,
 };
 
-use super::types::Vram;
+use super::{types::Vram, Colour};
 
-pub(super) struct TileWindow {
-    sprite_buffer: Vec<u32>,
-    sprite_renderer: Box<dyn Renderer>,
+pub(super) struct TileWindow<Format: From<Colour>> {
+    sprite_buffer: Vec<Format>,
+    sprite_renderer: Box<dyn Renderer<Format>>,
 }
 
-impl TileWindow {
-    pub(super) fn new(window: Box<dyn Renderer>) -> Self {
+impl<Format: From<Colour>> TileWindow<Format> {
+    pub(super) fn new(window: Box<dyn Renderer<Format>>) -> Self {
+        let mut sprite_buffer = Vec::new();
+        sprite_buffer.reserve_exact(TILE_WINDOW_WIDTH * TILE_WINDOW_HEIGHT);
+
         Self {
-            sprite_buffer: vec![0; TILE_WINDOW_WIDTH * TILE_WINDOW_HEIGHT],
+            sprite_buffer,
             sprite_renderer: window,
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl TileWindow {
     pub(super) fn draw_sprite_window(&mut self, palette: Palette, memory: &Vram) {
         for tile_y in 0..16 {
             self.draw_row(
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ impl TileWindow {
                     let colour = palette.map_bits(lsb, msb);
 
                     self.sprite_buffer[real_px_x + (real_px_y * TILE_WINDOW_WIDTH)] =
-                        colour.0.as_rgb();
+                        colour.0.into();
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/types.rs b/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/types.rs
index abf829e..ba1eccd 100644
--- a/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/types.rs
+++ b/lib/src/processor/memory/mmio/gpu/types.rs
@@ -84,28 +84,40 @@ impl Default for Lcdc {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub(super) enum Colour {
+pub enum Colour {
     White,
     LightGray,
     DarkGray,
     Black,
+    Error,
+}
+
+impl From<Colour> for u32 {
+    fn from(value: Colour) -> Self {
+        let rgb = value.rgb_bytes();
+        let (r, g, b) = (rgb.0 as u32, rgb.1 as u32, rgb.2 as u32);
+        (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Colour> for [u8; 4] {
+    fn from(value: Colour) -> Self {
+        let (r, g, b) = value.rgb_bytes();
+        [r, g, b, 0xFF]
+    }
 }
 
 impl Colour {
-    pub(super) fn as_rgb(&self) -> u32 {
+    fn rgb_bytes(&self) -> (u8, u8, u8) {
         match self {
-            Colour::White => Self::from_u8_rgb(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF),
-            Colour::LightGray => Self::from_u8_rgb(0xAA, 0xAA, 0xAA),
-            Colour::DarkGray => Self::from_u8_rgb(0x55, 0x55, 0x55),
-            Colour::Black => Self::from_u8_rgb(0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+            Colour::White => (0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF),
+            Colour::LightGray => (0xAA, 0xAA, 0xAA),
+            Colour::DarkGray => (0x55, 0x55, 0x55),
+            Colour::Black => (0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+            Colour::Error => (0xFF, 0x00, 0x00),
         }
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn from_u8_rgb(r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> u32 {
-        let (r, g, b) = (r as u32, g as u32, b as u32);
-        (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b
-    }
-
     pub(super) fn from_bits(first: bool, second: bool) -> Colour {
         match (first, second) {
             (true, true) => Colour::Black,
@@ -121,6 +133,7 @@ impl Colour {
             Colour::LightGray => 0b10,
             Colour::DarkGray => 0b01,
             Colour::Black => 0b11,
+            Colour::Error => 0b00,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/processor/mod.rs b/lib/src/processor/mod.rs
index 3a0d73b..b05c03e 100644
--- a/lib/src/processor/mod.rs
+++ b/lib/src/processor/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use self::memory::{Interrupt, Memory};
+use self::memory::{mmio::gpu::Colour, Interrupt, Memory};
 use crate::verbose_println;
 
 mod instructions;
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ pub(crate) enum Direction {
     Right,
 }
 
-pub struct Cpu {
-    pub memory: Memory,
+pub struct Cpu<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> {
+    pub memory: Memory<ColourFormat>,
     pub reg: Registers,
     pub last_instruction: u8,
     last_instruction_addr: u16,
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ pub struct Cpu {
     should_halt_bug: bool,
 }
 
-impl Cpu {
-    pub fn new(mut memory: Memory, run_bootrom: bool) -> Self {
+impl<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> Cpu<ColourFormat> {
+    pub fn new(mut memory: Memory<ColourFormat>, run_bootrom: bool) -> Self {
         if !run_bootrom {
             memory.cpu_ram_init();
         }
diff --git a/lib/src/processor/opcodes.rs b/lib/src/processor/opcodes.rs
index c452714..e858e88 100644
--- a/lib/src/processor/opcodes.rs
+++ b/lib/src/processor/opcodes.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ use crate::{
     util::as_signed,
 };
 
-impl Cpu {
+use super::memory::mmio::gpu::Colour;
+
+impl<ColourFormat: From<Colour> + Clone> Cpu<ColourFormat> {
     pub fn run_opcode(&mut self, opcode: u8) -> u8 {
         match opcode {
             0x00 => {
diff --git a/lib/src/util.rs b/lib/src/util.rs
index 0c000b9..eeda7bc 100644
--- a/lib/src/util.rs
+++ b/lib/src/util.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-use crate::{processor::Direction, PAUSE_ENABLED, PAUSE_QUEUED, VERBOSE};
+use crate::{
+    processor::{memory::mmio::gpu::Colour, Direction},
+    PAUSE_ENABLED, PAUSE_QUEUED, VERBOSE,
+};
 use std::{io, mem::transmute};
 
 #[macro_export]
@@ -122,7 +125,12 @@ impl Nibbles for u8 {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn scale_buffer(buffer: &[u32], width: usize, height: usize, factor: usize) -> Vec<u32> {
+pub fn scale_buffer<T: From<Colour> + Copy>(
+    buffer: &[T],
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    factor: usize,
+) -> Vec<T> {
     let mut v = vec![];
     for y in 0..height {
         for _ in 0..factor {