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describing how tiles work
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Lokathor
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* [The VCount Register](ch02/the_vcount_register.md)
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* [light_cycle](ch02/light_cycle.md)
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* [Ch 3: Memory and Objects](ch03/index.md)
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* [GBA Memory](ch03/gba_memory.md)
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* [Tiled Backgrounds](ch03/tiled_backgrounds.md)
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* [GBA Memory Mapping](ch03/gba_memory_mapping.md)
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* [Tile Data](ch03/tile_data.md)
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* [Regular Backgrounds](ch03/regular_backgrounds.md)
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* [Object Basics](ch03/object_basics.md)
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* [GBA RNG](ch03/gba_rng.md)
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* [memory_game](ch03/memory_game.md)
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# GBA Memory
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# GBA Memory Mapping
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The [GBA Memory Map](http://problemkaputt.de/gbatek.htm#gbamemorymap) has
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several memory portions to it, each with their own little differences. Most of
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the memory has pre-determined use according to the hardware, but there is also
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space for games to use as a scratch pad in whatever way the game sees fit.
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The memory ranges listed here are _inclusive_, so they end with a lot of `F`s
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and `E`s.
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The memory ranges listed here are _inclusive_, so they end with a lot of F's
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and E's.
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We've talked about volatile memory before, but just as a reminder I'll say that
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all of the memory we'll talk about here should be accessed with volatile with
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all of the memory we'll talk about here should be accessed using volatile with
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two exceptions:
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1) Work RAM (both internal and external) can be used normally, and if the
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compiler is able to totally elide any reads and writes that's okay.
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compiler is able to totally elide some reads and writes that's okay.
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2) However, if you set aside any space in Work RAM where an interrupt will
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communicate with the main program then that specific location will have to
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keep using volatile access, since the compiler never knows when an interrupt
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@ -38,13 +38,11 @@ external work ram has only a 16-bit bus (if you read/write a 32-bit value it
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silently breaks it up into two 16-bit operations) and also 2 wait cycles (extra
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CPU cycles that you have to expend _per 16-bit bus use_).
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In other words, we should think of EWRAM as if it was "heap space" in a normal
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application. You can take the time to go store something within EWRAM, or to
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load it out of EWRAM, but you should always avoid doing a critical computation
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on values in EWRAM. It's a bit of a pain, but if you wanna be speedy and you
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have more than just one manipulation that you want to do, you should pull the
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value into a local variable, do all of your manipulations, and then push it back
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out at the end.
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It's most helpful to think of EWRAM as slower, distant memory, similar to the
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"heap" in a normal application. You can take the time to go store something
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within EWRAM, or to load it out of EWRAM, but if you've got several operations
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to do in a row and you're worried about time you should pull that value into
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local memory, work on your local copy, and then push it back out to EWRAM.
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## Internal Work RAM / IWRAM
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@ -54,11 +52,9 @@ This is a smaller pile of space, but it has a 32-bit bus and no wait.
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By default, `0x3007F00` to `0x3007FFF` is reserved for interrupt and BIOS use.
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The rest of it is totally up to you. The user's stack space starts at
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`0x3007F00` and proceeds _down_ from there. In other words, if you start your
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own customized IWRAM use at `0x3000000` and go up, eventually you might hit your
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stack. However, most reasonable uses won't actually cause a memory collision.
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It's just something you should know about if you're using a ton of stack or
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IWRAM and then get problems.
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`0x3007F00` and proceeds _down_ from there. For best results you should probably
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start at `0x3000000` and then go upwards. Under normal use it's unlikely that
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the two memory regions will crash into each other.
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## IO Registers
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@ -95,9 +91,9 @@ and then there's 256 entries for object palette data (starting at `0x5000200`).
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The GBA also has two modes for palette access: 8-bits-per-pixel (8bpp) and
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4-bits-per-pixel (4bpp).
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* In 8bpp mode an (8-bit) palette index value within a background or sprite
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* In 8bpp mode an 8-bit palette index value within a background or sprite
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simply indexes directly into the 256 slots for that type of thing.
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* In 4bpp mode a (4-bit) palette index value within a background or sprite
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* In 4bpp mode a 4-bit palette index value within a background or sprite
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specifies an index within a particular "palbank" (16 palette entries each),
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and then a _separate_ setting outside of the graphical data determines which
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palbank is to be used for that background or object (the screen entry data for
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@ -143,14 +139,16 @@ of things, but they're _interlaced_ with each other all the way through.
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Now, [GBATEK](http://problemkaputt.de/gbatek.htm#lcdobjoamattributes) and
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[CowByte](https://www.cs.rit.edu/~tjh8300/CowBite/CowBiteSpec.htm#OAM%20(sprites))
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doesn't quite give names to the two data types, though
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doesn't quite give names to the two data types here.
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[TONC](https://www.coranac.com/tonc/text/regobj.htm#sec-oam) calls them
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`OBJ_ATTR` and `OBJ_AFFINE`. We'll give them Rust names of course. In Rust terms
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their layout would look like this:
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`OBJ_ATTR` and `OBJ_AFFINE`, but we'll be giving them names fitting with the
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Rust naming convention. Just know that if you try to talk about it with others
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they might not be using the same names. In Rust terms their layout would look
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like this:
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```rust
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#[repr(C)]
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pub struct ObjectAttribute {
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pub struct ObjectAttributes {
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attr0: u16,
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attr1: u16,
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attr2: u16,
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@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ pub struct AffineMatrix {
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(Note: the `#[repr(C)]` part just means that Rust must lay out the data exactly
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in the order we specify, which otherwise it is not required to do).
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So, we've got 1024 bytes in OAM and each `ObjectAttribute` value is 8 bytes, so
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So, we've got 1024 bytes in OAM and each `ObjectAttributes` value is 8 bytes, so
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naturally we can support up to 128 objects.
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_At the same time_, we've got 1024 bytes in OAM and each `AffineMatrix` is 32
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@ -181,7 +179,7 @@ bytes, so we can have 32 of them.
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But, as I said, these things are all _interlaced_ with each other. See how
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there's "filler" fields in each struct? If we imagine the OAM as being just an
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array of one type or the other, indexes 0/1/2/3 of the `ObjectAttribute` array
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array of one type or the other, indexes 0/1/2/3 of the `ObjectAttributes` array
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would line up with index 0 of the `AffineMatrix` array. It's kinda weird, but
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that's just how it works. When we setup functions to read and write these values
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we'll have to be careful with how we do it. We probably _won't_ want to use
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@ -207,7 +205,8 @@ mirror that you choose to access the game pak through affects which wait state
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setting it uses (configured via IO register of course). Unfortunately, the
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details come down more to the game pak hardware that you load your game onto
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than anything else, so there's not much I can say right here. We'll eventually
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talk about it more later,
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talk about it more later when I'm forced to do the boring thing and just cover
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all the IO registers that aren't covered anywhere else.
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One thing of note is the way that the 16-bit bus affects us: the instructions to
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execute are coming through the same bus as the rest of the game data, so we want
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@ -227,9 +226,10 @@ builds starts with `thumbv4`.
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* `0xE000000` to `0xE00FFFF` (64k)
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The game pak SRAM has an 8-bit bus. Why did Pokémon always take so long to save?
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This is why. It also has some amount of wait, but as with the ROM, the details
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depend on your game pak hardware (and also as with ROM, you can adjust the
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settings with an IO register, should you need to).
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Saving the whole game one byte at a time is why. The SRAM also has some amount
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of wait, but as with the ROM, the details depend on your game pak hardware (and
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also as with ROM, you can adjust the settings with an IO register, should you
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need to).
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One thing to note about the SRAM is that the GBA has a Direct Memory Access
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(DMA) feature that can be used for bulk memory movements in some cases, but the
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118
book/src/ch03/tile_data.md
Normal file
118
book/src/ch03/tile_data.md
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
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# Tile Data
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When using the GBA's hardware graphics, if you want to let the hardware do most
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of the work you have to use Modes 0, 1 or 2. However, to do that we first have
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to learn about how tile data works inside of the GBA.
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## Tiles
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Fundamentally, a tile is an 8x8 image. If you want anything bigger than 8x8 you
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need to arrange several tiles so that it looks like whatever you're trying to
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draw.
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As was already mentioned, the GBA supports two different color modes: 4 bits per
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pixel and 8 bits per pixel. So already we have two types of tile that we need to
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model. The pixel bits always represent an index into the PALRAM.
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* With 4 bits per pixel, the PALRAM is imagined to be 16 **palbank** sections of
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16 palette entries each. The image data selects the index within the palbank,
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and an external configuration selects which palbank is used.
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* With 8 bits per pixel, the PALRAM is imagined to be a single 256 entry array
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and the index just directly picks which of the 256 colors is used.
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So, already we have some Rust types we can define:
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```rust
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
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#[repr(transparent)]
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pub struct Tile4bpp {
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data: [u32; 8]
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}
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
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#[repr(transparent)]
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pub struct Tile8bpp {
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data: [u32; 16]
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}
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```
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I hope this makes sense so far. At 4bpp, we have 4 bits per pixel, times 8
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pixels per line, times 8 lines: 256 bits required. Similarly, at 8 bits per
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pixel we'll need 512 bits. Why are we defining them as arrays of `u32` values?
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Because when it comes time to do bulk copies the fastest way to it will be to go
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one whole machine word at a time. If we make the data inside the type be an
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array of `u32` then it'll already be aligned for fast `u32` bulk copies.
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Keeping track of the current color depth is naturally the _programmer's_
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problem. If you get it wrong you'll see a whole ton of garbage pixels all over
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the screen, and you'll probably be able to guess why. You know, unless you did
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one of the other things that can make a bunch of garbage pixels show up all over
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the screen. Graphics programming is fun like that.
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## Charblocks
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Tiles don't just sit on their own, they get grouped into **charblocks**. They're
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called that because tiles represent characters... even though they're also used
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to draw the background? I don't get it exactly, but that's just what they're
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called in other documents and I don't have a significantly better name for the
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concept, so that's what we'll call it.
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A charblock is 16kb long (`0x4000` bytes), which means that the number of tiles
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that fit into a charblock depends on your color depth. With 4bpp you get 512
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tiles, and with 8bpp there's 256 tiles. So they'd be something like this:
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```rust
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#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
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#[repr(transparent)]
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pub struct Charblock4bpp {
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data: [Tile4bpp; 512],
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}
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#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
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#[repr(transparent)]
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pub struct Charblock8bpp {
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data: [Tile8bpp; 256],
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}
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```
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You'll note that we can't even derive `Debug` or `Default` any more because the
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arrays are so big. Rust supports Clone and Copy for arrays of any size, but the
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rest is still size 32 or less. We won't generally be making up an entire
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Charblock on the fly though, so it's not a big deal. If we _absolutely_ had to,
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we could call `core::mem::zeroed()`, but we really don't want to be trying to
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build a whole charblock at runtime. We'll usually want to define our tile data
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as `const` charblock values (or even parts of charblock values) that we load out
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of the game pak ROM.
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Anyway, with 16k per charblock and only 96k total in VRAM, it's easy math to see
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that there's 6 different charblocks in VRAM when in a tiled mode. The first four
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of these are for backgrounds, and the other two are for objects. There's rules
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for how a tile ID on a background or object selects a tile within a charblock,
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but since they're different between backgrounds and objects we'll cover that on
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their own pages.
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## Image Editing
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It's very important to note that if you use a normal image editor you'll get
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very bad results if you translate that directly into GBA memory.
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Imagine you have part of an image that's 16 by 16 pixels, aka 2 tiles by 2
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tiles. The data for that bitmap is the 1st row of the 1st tile, then the 1st row
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of the 2nd tile. However, when we translate that into the GBA, the first 8
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pixels will indeed be the first 8 tile pixels, but then the next 8 pixels in
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memory will be used as the _2nd row of the first tile_, not the 1st row of the
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2nd tile.
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So, how do we fix this?
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Well, the simple but annoying way is to edit your tile image as being an 8 pixel
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wide image and then have the image get super tall as you add more and more
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tiles. It can work, but it's really impractical if you have any multi-tile
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things that you're trying to do.
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Instead, there are some image conversion tools that devkitpro provides in their
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gba-dev section. They let you take normal images and then repackage them and
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export it in various formats that you can then compile into your project.
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TODO: make Ketsuban write some tips on how to use whatever the image converter
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is called.
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@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
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</script>
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<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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</nav>
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<div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
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@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
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</script>
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<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
|
||||
<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>GBA Memory - Rust GBA Guide</title>
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<title>GBA Memory Mapping - Rust GBA Guide</title>
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<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<div id="content" class="content">
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<main>
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<a class="header" href="#gba-memory" id="gba-memory"><h1>GBA Memory</h1></a>
|
||||
<a class="header" href="#gba-memory-mapping" id="gba-memory-mapping"><h1>GBA Memory Mapping</h1></a>
|
||||
<p>The <a href="http://problemkaputt.de/gbatek.htm#gbamemorymap">GBA Memory Map</a> has
|
||||
several memory portions to it, each with their own little differences. Most of
|
||||
the memory has pre-determined use according to the hardware, but there is also
|
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@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ one byte at a time when you're using the SRAM.</p>
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</a>
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@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ one byte at a time when you're using the SRAM.</p>
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<a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
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<a href="../ch03/tile_data.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
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<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
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</a>
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</script>
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<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
|
||||
<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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</script>
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<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
|
||||
<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
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@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ memory for tiled graphics, but also things like all those IO registers, where
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our RAM is for scratch space, all that stuff. Even if we can't put all of them
|
||||
to use at once, it's helpful to have an idea of what will be available in the
|
||||
long run.</p>
|
||||
<p>Tiled modes bring us two big new concepts that each have their own complexity:
|
||||
backgrounds and objects. They share some concepts, but fundamentally the
|
||||
<p>Tiled modes bring us three big new concepts that each have their own complexity:
|
||||
tiles, backgrounds, and objects. Backgrounds and objects both use tiles, but the
|
||||
background is for creating a very large static space that you can scroll around
|
||||
the view within, and the objects are about having a few moving bits that appear
|
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over the background. Careful use of backgrounds and objects is key to having the
|
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</a>
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@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ check, and then if they match the pair disappears.</p>
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<a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
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<a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
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<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
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</a>
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@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
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</script>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
|
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="../ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="../ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="../ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/regular_backgrounds.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="../ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="introduction.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="introduction.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch03/gba_memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory</a></li><li><a href="ch03/tiled_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tiled Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
|
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<ol class="chapter"><li><a href="introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li><a href="ch00/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Ch 0: Development Setup</a></li><li><a href="ch01/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Ch 1: Hello GBA</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch01/hello1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> hello1</a></li><li><a href="ch01/volatile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Volatile</a></li><li><a href="ch01/io_registers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> IO Registers</a></li><li><a href="ch01/the_display_control_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> The Display Control Register</a></li><li><a href="ch01/video_memory_intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Video Memory Intro</a></li><li><a href="ch01/hello2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> hello2</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch02/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Ch 2: User Input</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch02/the_key_input_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> The Key Input Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/the_vcount_register.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> The VCount Register</a></li><li><a href="ch02/light_cycle.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> light_cycle</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="ch03/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Ch 3: Memory and Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="ch03/gba_memory_mapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> GBA Memory Mapping</a></li><li><a href="ch03/tile_data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Tile Data</a></li><li><a href="ch03/regular_backgrounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Regular Backgrounds</a></li><li><a href="ch03/object_basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Object Basics</a></li><li><a href="ch03/gba_rng.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> GBA RNG</a></li><li><a href="ch03/memory_game.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> memory_game</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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</nav>
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<div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
|
||||
|
|
@ -1283,8 +1283,8 @@ memory for tiled graphics, but also things like all those IO registers, where
|
|||
our RAM is for scratch space, all that stuff. Even if we can't put all of them
|
||||
to use at once, it's helpful to have an idea of what will be available in the
|
||||
long run.</p>
|
||||
<p>Tiled modes bring us two big new concepts that each have their own complexity:
|
||||
backgrounds and objects. They share some concepts, but fundamentally the
|
||||
<p>Tiled modes bring us three big new concepts that each have their own complexity:
|
||||
tiles, backgrounds, and objects. Backgrounds and objects both use tiles, but the
|
||||
background is for creating a very large static space that you can scroll around
|
||||
the view within, and the objects are about having a few moving bits that appear
|
||||
over the background. Careful use of backgrounds and objects is key to having the
|
||||
|
|
@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ without trading away too much in terms of quality.</p>
|
|||
<p>To top it all off, we'll make a simple "memory game" sort of thing. There's some
|
||||
face down cards in a grid, you pick one to check, then you pick the other to
|
||||
check, and then if they match the pair disappears.</p>
|
||||
<a class="header" href="#gba-memory" id="gba-memory"><h1>GBA Memory</h1></a>
|
||||
<a class="header" href="#gba-memory-mapping" id="gba-memory-mapping"><h1>GBA Memory Mapping</h1></a>
|
||||
<p>The <a href="http://problemkaputt.de/gbatek.htm#gbamemorymap">GBA Memory Map</a> has
|
||||
several memory portions to it, each with their own little differences. Most of
|
||||
the memory has pre-determined use according to the hardware, but there is also
|
||||
|
|
@ -1514,6 +1514,7 @@ settings with an IO register, should you need to).</p>
|
|||
(DMA) feature that can be used for bulk memory movements in some cases, but the
|
||||
DMA <em>cannot</em> access the SRAM region. You really are stuck reading and writing
|
||||
one byte at a time when you're using the SRAM.</p>
|
||||
<a class="header" href="#tile-data" id="tile-data"><h1>Tile Data</h1></a>
|
||||
<a class="header" href="#tiled-backgrounds" id="tiled-backgrounds"><h1>Tiled Backgrounds</h1></a>
|
||||
<p>TODO</p>
|
||||
<a class="header" href="#object-basics" id="object-basics"><h1>Object Basics</h1></a>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
|
|
@ -174,24 +174,26 @@ pub fn wait_until_vdraw() {
|
|||
while vcount() >= SCREEN_HEIGHT as u16 {}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[repr(C)]
|
||||
#[align(4)]
|
||||
pub struct ObjectAttributes {
|
||||
attr0: u16,
|
||||
attr1: u16,
|
||||
attr2: u16,
|
||||
filler: i16,
|
||||
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
|
||||
#[repr(transparent)]
|
||||
pub struct Tile4bpp {
|
||||
data: [u32; 8],
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[repr(C)]
|
||||
#[align(4)]
|
||||
pub struct ObjectAffine {
|
||||
filler0: [u16; 3],
|
||||
pa: i16,
|
||||
filler1: [u16; 3],
|
||||
pb: i16,
|
||||
filler2: [u16; 3],
|
||||
pc: i16,
|
||||
filler3: [u16; 3],
|
||||
pd: i16,
|
||||
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
|
||||
#[repr(transparent)]
|
||||
pub struct Tile8bpp {
|
||||
data: [u32; 16],
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
|
||||
#[repr(transparent)]
|
||||
pub struct Charblock4bpp {
|
||||
data: [Tile4bpp; 512],
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
|
||||
#[repr(transparent)]
|
||||
pub struct Charblock8bpp {
|
||||
data: [Tile8bpp; 256],
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue