diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index da66abe..8a91bd0 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -491,6 +491,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "librashader-reflect",
  "librashader-runtime",
  "rustc-hash",
+ "spirv_cross",
+ "thiserror",
  "windows",
 ]
 
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/Cargo.toml b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/Cargo.toml
index 2b49630..c8830b1 100644
--- a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/Cargo.toml
+++ b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ librashader-presets = { path = "../librashader-presets" }
 librashader-preprocess = { path = "../librashader-preprocess" }
 librashader-reflect = { path = "../librashader-reflect" }
 librashader-runtime = { path = "../librashader-runtime" }
+thiserror = "1.0.37"
+spirv_cross = "0.23.1"
 
 rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
-gfx-maths = "0.2.8"
 bytemuck = "1.12.3"
 
 [dependencies.windows]
@@ -33,3 +34,4 @@ features = [
 ]
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+gfx-maths = "0.2.8"
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/error.rs b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3db0aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+use librashader_common::image::ImageError;
+use librashader_preprocess::PreprocessError;
+use librashader_presets::ParsePresetError;
+use librashader_reflect::error::{ShaderCompileError, ShaderReflectError};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum FilterChainError {
+    #[error("unable to get direct3d context")]
+    Direct3DContextError,
+    #[error("direct3d driver error")]
+    Direct3DError(#[from] windows::core::Error),
+    #[error("SPIRV reflection error")]
+    SpirvCrossReflectError(#[from] spirv_cross::ErrorCode),
+    #[error("shader preset parse error")]
+    ShaderPresetError(#[from] ParsePresetError),
+    #[error("shader preprocess error")]
+    ShaderPreprocessError(#[from] PreprocessError),
+    #[error("shader compile error")]
+    ShaderCompileError(#[from] ShaderCompileError),
+    #[error("shader reflect error")]
+    ShaderReflectError(#[from] ShaderReflectError),
+    #[error("lut loading error")]
+    LutLoadError(#[from] ImageError),
+}
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/filter_chain.rs b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/filter_chain.rs
index 142b32d..d8d796a 100644
--- a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/filter_chain.rs
+++ b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/filter_chain.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::texture::{DxImageView, OwnedTexture, Texture};
+use crate::texture::{DxImageView, LutTexture, Texture};
 use librashader_common::image::Image;
 use librashader_common::{ImageFormat, Size};
 use librashader_preprocess::ShaderSource;
@@ -31,10 +31,16 @@ use windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D11::{
     D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC, D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT, D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC,
 };
 use windows::Win32::Graphics::Dxgi::Common::{DXGI_FORMAT, DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM};
+use crate::error::FilterChainError;
+
+pub struct FilterMutable {
+    pub(crate) passes_enabled: usize,
+    pub(crate) parameters: FxHashMap<String, f32>,
+}
 
 // todo: get rid of preset
-type ShaderPassMeta<'a> = (
-    &'a ShaderPassConfig,
+type ShaderPassMeta = (
+    ShaderPassConfig,
     ShaderSource,
     CompilerBackend<
         impl CompileShader<HLSL, Options = Option<()>, Context = GlslangHlslContext> + ReflectShader,
@@ -53,16 +59,17 @@ pub struct FilterChain {
 pub struct Direct3D11 {
     pub(crate) device: ID3D11Device,
     pub(crate) device_context: ID3D11DeviceContext,
+    pub context_is_deferred: bool
 }
 
 pub struct FilterCommon {
     pub(crate) d3d11: Direct3D11,
-    pub(crate) preset: ShaderPreset,
-    pub(crate) luts: FxHashMap<usize, OwnedTexture>,
+    pub(crate) luts: FxHashMap<usize, LutTexture>,
     pub samplers: SamplerSet,
     pub output_textures: Box<[Option<Texture>]>,
     pub feedback_textures: Box<[Option<Texture>]>,
     pub history_textures: Box<[Option<Texture>]>,
+    pub config: FilterMutable
 }
 
 impl FilterChain {
@@ -188,17 +195,18 @@ impl FilterChain {
         device: &ID3D11Device,
         preset: ShaderPreset,
     ) -> util::Result<FilterChain> {
-        let (passes, semantics) = FilterChain::load_preset(&preset)?;
+        let (passes, semantics) = FilterChain::load_preset(preset.shaders, &preset.textures)?;
 
         let samplers = SamplerSet::new(device)?;
 
         // initialize passes
-        let filters = FilterChain::init_passes(device, passes, &semantics).unwrap();
+        let filters = FilterChain::init_passes(device, passes, &semantics)?;
 
         let mut device_context = None;
         unsafe {
             device.GetImmediateContext(&mut device_context);
         }
+
         let device_context = device_context.unwrap();
 
         let device_context =
@@ -214,8 +222,12 @@ impl FilterChain {
                 Size::new(1, 1),
                 ImageFormat::R8G8B8A8Unorm,
             )
-            .unwrap()
         });
+
+        // resolve all results
+        let output_framebuffers = output_framebuffers
+            .into_iter().collect::<util::Result<Vec<OwnedFramebuffer>>>()?;
+
         let mut output_textures = Vec::new();
         output_textures.resize_with(filters.len(), || None);
         //
@@ -228,16 +240,20 @@ impl FilterChain {
                 Size::new(1, 1),
                 ImageFormat::R8G8B8A8Unorm,
             )
-            .unwrap()
         });
+        // resolve all results
+        let feedback_framebuffers = feedback_framebuffers
+            .into_iter().collect::<util::Result<Vec<OwnedFramebuffer>>>()?;
+
         let mut feedback_textures = Vec::new();
         feedback_textures.resize_with(filters.len(), || None);
 
         // load luts
-        let luts = FilterChain::load_luts(device, &preset.textures)?;
+        let luts = FilterChain::load_luts(device,
+                                          &device_context, &preset.textures)?;
 
         let (history_framebuffers, history_textures) =
-            FilterChain::init_history(device, &device_context, &filters);
+            FilterChain::init_history(device, &device_context, &filters)?;
 
         let draw_quad = DrawQuad::new(device, &device_context)?;
 
@@ -252,12 +268,18 @@ impl FilterChain {
                 d3d11: Direct3D11 {
                     device: device.clone(),
                     device_context,
+                    context_is_deferred: false
+                },
+                config: FilterMutable {
+                    passes_enabled: preset.shader_count as usize,
+                    parameters: preset
+                        .parameters
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|param| (param.name, param.value))
+                        .collect(),
                 },
                 luts,
                 samplers,
-                // we don't need the reflect semantics once all locations have been bound per pass.
-                // semantics,
-                preset,
                 output_textures: output_textures.into_boxed_slice(),
                 feedback_textures: feedback_textures.into_boxed_slice(),
                 history_textures,
@@ -269,7 +291,7 @@ impl FilterChain {
         device: &ID3D11Device,
         context: &ID3D11DeviceContext,
         filters: &[FilterPass],
-    ) -> (VecDeque<OwnedFramebuffer>, Box<[Option<Texture>]>) {
+    ) -> util::Result<(VecDeque<OwnedFramebuffer>, Box<[Option<Texture>]>)> {
         let mut required_images = 0;
 
         for pass in filters {
@@ -296,7 +318,7 @@ impl FilterChain {
         // not using frame history;
         if required_images <= 1 {
             println!("[history] not using frame history");
-            return (VecDeque::new(), Box::new([]));
+            return Ok((VecDeque::new(), Box::new([])));
         }
 
         // history0 is aliased with the original
@@ -305,13 +327,15 @@ impl FilterChain {
         let mut framebuffers = VecDeque::with_capacity(required_images);
         framebuffers.resize_with(required_images, || {
             OwnedFramebuffer::new(device, context, Size::new(1, 1), ImageFormat::R8G8B8A8Unorm)
-                .unwrap()
         });
 
+        let framebuffers = framebuffers
+            .into_iter().collect::<util::Result<VecDeque<OwnedFramebuffer>>>()?;
+
         let mut history_textures = Vec::new();
         history_textures.resize_with(required_images, || None);
 
-        (framebuffers, history_textures.into_boxed_slice())
+        Ok((framebuffers, history_textures.into_boxed_slice()))
     }
 
     fn push_history(&mut self, input: &DxImageView) -> util::Result<()> {
@@ -325,8 +349,9 @@ impl FilterChain {
 
     fn load_luts(
         device: &ID3D11Device,
+        context: &ID3D11DeviceContext,
         textures: &[TextureConfig],
-    ) -> util::Result<FxHashMap<usize, OwnedTexture>> {
+    ) -> util::Result<FxHashMap<usize, LutTexture>> {
         let mut luts = FxHashMap::default();
 
         for (index, texture) in textures.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -345,7 +370,7 @@ impl FilterChain {
             };
 
             let texture =
-                OwnedTexture::new(device, &image, desc, texture.filter_mode, texture.wrap_mode)?;
+                LutTexture::new(device, context,&image, desc, texture.filter_mode, texture.wrap_mode)?;
             luts.insert(index, texture);
         }
         Ok(luts)
@@ -361,14 +386,15 @@ impl FilterChain {
         Self::load_from_preset(device, preset)
     }
 
-    fn load_preset(preset: &ShaderPreset) -> util::Result<(Vec<ShaderPassMeta>, ReflectSemantics)> {
+    fn load_preset( passes: Vec<ShaderPassConfig>,
+                     textures: &[TextureConfig],
+    ) -> util::Result<(Vec<ShaderPassMeta>, ReflectSemantics)> {
         let mut uniform_semantics: FxHashMap<String, UniformSemantic> = Default::default();
         let mut texture_semantics: FxHashMap<String, SemanticMap<TextureSemantics>> =
             Default::default();
 
-        let passes = preset
-            .shaders
-            .iter()
+        let passes = passes
+            .into_iter()
             .map(|shader| {
                 eprintln!("[dx11] loading {}", &shader.name.display());
                 let source: ShaderSource = ShaderSource::load(&shader.name)?;
@@ -385,21 +411,21 @@ impl FilterChain {
                         }),
                     );
                 }
-                Ok::<_, Box<dyn Error>>((shader, source, reflect))
+                Ok::<_, FilterChainError>((shader, source, reflect))
             })
             .into_iter()
-            .collect::<util::Result<Vec<(&ShaderPassConfig, ShaderSource, CompilerBackend<_>)>>>(
+            .collect::<util::Result<Vec<(ShaderPassConfig, ShaderSource, CompilerBackend<_>)>>>(
             )?;
 
         for details in &passes {
             librashader_runtime::semantics::insert_pass_semantics(
                 &mut uniform_semantics,
                 &mut texture_semantics,
-                details.0,
+                &details.0,
             )
         }
         librashader_runtime::semantics::insert_lut_semantics(
-            &preset.textures,
+            &textures,
             &mut uniform_semantics,
             &mut texture_semantics,
         );
@@ -476,12 +502,12 @@ impl FilterChain {
                 viewport,
                 &original,
                 &source,
-                RenderTarget::new(target.as_output_framebuffer().unwrap(), None),
+                RenderTarget::new(target.as_output_framebuffer()?, None),
             )?;
 
             source = Texture {
                 view: DxImageView {
-                    handle: target.create_shader_resource_view().unwrap(),
+                    handle: target.create_shader_resource_view()?,
                     size,
                 },
                 filter,
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/filter_pass.rs b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/filter_pass.rs
index 4230c06..f6b29ac 100644
--- a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/filter_pass.rs
+++ b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/filter_pass.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D11::{
 use crate::render_target::RenderTarget;
 use crate::samplers::SamplerSet;
 use librashader_runtime::uniforms::UniformStorage;
+use crate::util;
 
 pub struct ConstantBufferBinding {
     pub binding: u32,
@@ -310,13 +311,7 @@ impl FilterPass {
                 .map(|f| f.initial)
                 .unwrap_or(0f32);
 
-            let value = parent
-                .preset
-                .parameters
-                .iter()
-                .find(|&p| p.name == id)
-                .map(|p| p.value)
-                .unwrap_or(default);
+            let value = *parent.config.parameters.get(id).unwrap_or(&default);
 
             self.uniform_storage.bind_scalar(*offset, value, None);
         }
@@ -360,7 +355,7 @@ impl FilterPass {
         original: &Texture,
         source: &Texture,
         output: RenderTarget,
-    ) -> std::result::Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    ) -> util::Result<()> {
         let _device = &parent.d3d11.device;
         let context = &parent.d3d11.device_context;
         unsafe {
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/framebuffer.rs b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/framebuffer.rs
index 21a3014..9e1682e 100644
--- a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/framebuffer.rs
+++ b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/framebuffer.rs
@@ -155,9 +155,10 @@ impl OwnedFramebuffer {
         let resource: ID3D11Texture2D = unsafe {
             let mut resource = None;
             image.handle.GetResource(&mut resource);
-
-            // todo: make panic-free
-            resource.unwrap().cast()?
+            let Some(resource) = resource else {
+                return Ok(())
+            };
+            resource.cast()?
         };
 
         let format = unsafe {
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/lib.rs b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/lib.rs
index cb4f5e6..54e105a 100644
--- a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/lib.rs
+++ b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 
-mod filter_chain;
-
-mod filter_pass;
-mod framebuffer;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod hello_triangle;
+
+mod filter_chain;
+mod filter_pass;
+mod framebuffer;
 mod quad_render;
 mod render_target;
 mod samplers;
 mod texture;
 mod util;
+pub mod error;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/texture.rs b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/texture.rs
index d29873d..edf8122 100644
--- a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/texture.rs
+++ b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/texture.rs
@@ -1,48 +1,40 @@
 use librashader_common::image::Image;
 use librashader_common::{FilterMode, Size, WrapMode};
 use windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D::D3D_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
-use windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D11::{
-    ID3D11Device, ID3D11ShaderResourceView, ID3D11Texture2D, D3D11_BIND_FLAG,
-    D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET, D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE, D3D11_BOX, D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_FLAG,
-    D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE, D3D11_FORMAT_SUPPORT_RENDER_TARGET, D3D11_FORMAT_SUPPORT_SHADER_SAMPLE,
-    D3D11_FORMAT_SUPPORT_TEXTURE2D, D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_FLAG, D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_GENERATE_MIPS,
-    D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC, D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC_0, D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA,
-    D3D11_TEX2D_SRV, D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC, D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC, D3D11_USAGE_STAGING,
-};
+use windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D11::{ID3D11Device, ID3D11ShaderResourceView, ID3D11Texture2D, D3D11_BIND_FLAG, D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET, D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE, D3D11_BOX, D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_FLAG, D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE, D3D11_FORMAT_SUPPORT_RENDER_TARGET, D3D11_FORMAT_SUPPORT_SHADER_SAMPLE, D3D11_FORMAT_SUPPORT_TEXTURE2D, D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_FLAG, D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_GENERATE_MIPS, D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC, D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC_0, D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA, D3D11_TEX2D_SRV, D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC, D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC, D3D11_USAGE_STAGING, ID3D11DeviceContext};
 use windows::Win32::Graphics::Dxgi::Common::DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC;
+use crate::filter_chain::Direct3D11;
 
 use crate::util::Result;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct DxImageView {
     pub handle: ID3D11ShaderResourceView,
-    pub size: Size<u32>, // pub image: GlImage,
+    pub size: Size<u32>,
 }
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Texture {
     pub view: DxImageView,
     pub filter: FilterMode,
     pub wrap_mode: WrapMode,
-    // pub mip_filter: FilterMode,
-    // pub wrap_mode: WrapMode,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct OwnedTexture {
+pub struct LutTexture {
     pub handle: ID3D11Texture2D,
-    // pub staging: ID3D11Texture2D,
     pub desc: D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC,
     pub image: Texture,
 }
 
-impl OwnedTexture {
+impl LutTexture {
     pub fn new(
         device: &ID3D11Device,
+        context: &ID3D11DeviceContext,
         source: &Image,
         desc: D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC,
         filter: FilterMode,
         wrap_mode: WrapMode,
-    ) -> Result<OwnedTexture> {
+    ) -> Result<LutTexture> {
         let mut desc = D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC {
             Width: source.size.width,
             Height: source.size.height,
@@ -107,12 +99,6 @@ impl OwnedTexture {
                 }),
             )?;
 
-            let mut context = None;
-            device.GetImmediateContext(&mut context);
-
-            // todo: make this fallible
-            let context = context.unwrap();
-
             // need a staging texture to defer mipmap generation
             let staging = device.CreateTexture2D(
                 &D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC {
@@ -158,7 +144,7 @@ impl OwnedTexture {
             // let mut subresource = context.Map(staging, 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE, 0)?;
             // staging.Upd
 
-            Ok(OwnedTexture {
+            Ok(LutTexture {
                 handle,
                 // staging,
                 desc,
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/util.rs b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/util.rs
index e0daaf3..355329c 100644
--- a/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/util.rs
+++ b/librashader-runtime-d3d11/src/util.rs
@@ -167,4 +167,4 @@ pub fn d3d11_create_input_layout(
 }
 
 // todo: d3d11.c 2097
-pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Box<dyn Error>>;
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, crate::error::FilterChainError>;
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-gl/src/filter_pass.rs b/librashader-runtime-gl/src/filter_pass.rs
index 14cafc6..89802c7 100644
--- a/librashader-runtime-gl/src/filter_pass.rs
+++ b/librashader-runtime-gl/src/filter_pass.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ pub struct FilterPass<T: GLInterface> {
 }
 
 impl<T: GLInterface> FilterPass<T> {
-    // todo: fix rendertargets (i.e. non-final pass is internal, final pass is user provided fbo)
     pub(crate) fn draw(
         &mut self,
         pass_index: usize,
diff --git a/librashader-runtime-gl/src/gl/gl46/framebuffer.rs b/librashader-runtime-gl/src/gl/gl46/framebuffer.rs
index a16a65c..9e54e8c 100644
--- a/librashader-runtime-gl/src/gl/gl46/framebuffer.rs
+++ b/librashader-runtime-gl/src/gl/gl46/framebuffer.rs
@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ impl FramebufferInterface for Gl46Framebuffer {
         }
     }
     fn copy_from(fb: &mut Framebuffer, image: &GLImage) -> Result<()> {
+        // todo: confirm this behaviour for unbound image.
+        if image.handle == 0 {
+            return Ok(())
+        }
+
         // todo: may want to use a shader and draw a quad to be faster.
         if image.size != fb.size || image.format != fb.format {
             Self::init(