remove .github folder

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Type | Update | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| [xmrs](https://codeberg.org/sbechet/xmrs) | dependencies | patch |
`=0.8.1` -> `=0.8.5` |

---

### Configuration

📅 **Schedule**: Branch creation - At any time (no schedule defined),
Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined).

🚦 **Automerge**: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you
are satisfied.

♻ **Rebasing**: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the
rebase/retry checkbox.

🔕 **Ignore**: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update
again.

---

- [ ] <!-- rebase-check -->If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check
this box

---

This PR was generated by [Mend Renovate](https://mend.io/renovate/).
View the [repository job
log](https://developer.mend.io/github/agbrs/agb).

<!--renovate-debug:eyJjcmVhdGVkSW5WZXIiOiIzOC4xMjAuMSIsInVwZGF0ZWRJblZlciI6IjM4LjEyMC4xIiwidGFyZ2V0QnJhbmNoIjoibWFzdGVyIiwibGFiZWxzIjpbXX0=-->

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-
-
-- [ ] Changelog updated / no changelog update needed

.github/renovate.json

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "extends": [
-    "config:base"
-  ],
-  "ignorePresets": [
-    ":prHourlyLimit2"
-  ],
-  "dependencyDashboardAutoclose": true
-}

.github/scripts/update-lockfiles.sh

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-function update_lockfiles() {
-    find . -name Cargo.lock -execdir cargo update \;
-}
-
-update_lockfiles
-update_lockfiles
-update_lockfiles
-update_lockfiles
-
-git add -u
-
-if [ "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" == '' ]; then
-    echo "No files updated"
-    exit 0
-fi
-
-git -c user.name="GBA bot" -c user.email="gw@ilym.me" commit -m 'Update lockfiles'
-git push

.github/scripts/update-template-repo.sh

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-set -e # Fail if any command fails
-set -x # print every command before it runs
-
-# Updates the template repository to the content of the template directory
-# Requires environment variable
-# - GITHUB_USERNAME = a user who has push access to the template repository
-# - API_TOKEN_GITHUB = an API token for the user
-
-CLONE_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
-
-git clone --single-branch --branch master "https://$GITHUB_USERNAME:$API_TOKEN_GITHUB@github.com/agbrs/template.git" "$CLONE_DIR"
-
-# Copy the .git directory to a different place so we can ensure that only the relevant template stuff stays
-TEMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
-mv "$CLONE_DIR/.git" "$TEMP_DIR/.git"
-
-cp -rva template/. "$TEMP_DIR"
-
-# git describe will give a unique, friendly name for the current commit to make it easier to track where this came from
-VERSION=$(git describe --tags)
-COMMIT_MESSAGE="Update to $VERSION"
-
-git -C "$TEMP_DIR" add .
-git -C "$TEMP_DIR" -c user.email="gw@ilym.me" -c user.name="GBA bot" commit -m "$COMMIT_MESSAGE"
-git -C "$TEMP_DIR" push origin HEAD

.github/workflows/build-and-test.yml

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-name: Rust
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [ master ]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '10 5 * * *'
-
-env:
-  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    name: Just CI
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    steps:
-    - name: Install build tools
-      run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install build-essential binutils-arm-none-eabi libelf-dev zip -y
-    - name: Install Miri
-      run: |
-          rustup toolchain install nightly --component miri
-          rustup override set nightly
-          cargo miri setup
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v3
-      with:
-        path: |
-          ~/.cargo/registry
-          ~/.cargo/git
-          ~/target
-          mgba-test-runner/target
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
-
-    - name: install mgba-test-runner
-      run: cargo install --path mgba-test-runner --verbose
-    - name: Set CARGO_TARGET_DIR
-      run: echo "CARGO_TARGET_DIR=$HOME/target" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-    - uses: extractions/setup-just@v1
-    - name: Setup mdBook
-      uses: peaceiris/actions-mdbook@v1
-      with:
-        mdbook-version: '0.4.13'
-    - name: Build and test all crates
-      run: just ci

.github/workflows/publish-agb.yml

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-name: Publish agb
-
-on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - v*
-
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    steps:
-      - name: Install build tools
-        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install build-essential binutils-arm-none-eabi zip -y
-      - name: Check out repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Login to crates.io
-        run: cargo login ${{ secrets.CRATE_API }}
-
-      - uses: extractions/setup-just@v1
-
-      - name: Publish crates
-        run: just publish
-
-      - name: Update template repo
-        env:
-          GITHUB_USERNAME: gwilymk
-          API_TOKEN_GITHUB: ${{ secrets.API_TOKEN_GITHUB }}
-        run: bash .github/scripts/update-template-repo.sh
-
-      - name: Build the examples
-        run: just build-roms
-      - name: Upload examples to the release
-        uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
-        with:
-          repo_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          file: examples/target/examples.zip
-          asset_name: examples.zip
-          tag: ${{ github.ref }}
-          overwrite: true
-
-      - name: Setup mdBook
-        uses: peaceiris/actions-mdbook@v1
-        with:
-          mdbook-version: '0.4.13'
-      - name: Build the book
-        run: just build-book
-      - name: Deploy the book
-        uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@v4
-        with:
-          branch: gh-pages
-          folder: book/book

.github/workflows/update-lockfiles.yml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-name: Update lockfiles
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [ 'renovate/*' ]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [ 'renovate/*' ]
-
-env:
-  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    steps:
-    - name: Set CARGO_TARGET_DIR
-      run: echo "CARGO_TARGET_DIR=$HOME/target" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-    - name: Check out repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: extractions/setup-just@v1
-    - name: Update lock files
-      run: just update-lockfiles

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 target
 /out
-template/Cargo.lock
-agb*/Cargo.lock
+*.tiled-session
+website/build
+Cargo.lock

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "emulator/mgba-sys/mgba"]
+	path = emulator/mgba-sys/mgba
+	url = https://github.com/mgba-emu/mgba.git

.vscode/agb.code-workspace

@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@
     },
     {
       "path": "../agb-hashmap"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../examples/amplitude"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../examples/the-dungeon-puzzlers-lament"
     }
   ]
 }

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # Changelog
+
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
@@ -7,29 +8,237 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 ## [Unreleased]
 
 ### Added
-- New `include_palette` macro for including every colour in an image as a `u16` slice.
+
+- Optional serde support for agb-hashmap via the `serde` feature flag
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed build error due to breaking change in `xmrs`.
+
+## [0.21.1] - 2024/10/02
+
+### Added
+
+- Added support for s3m and mod format files to `agb-tracker`.
+- Added a `HashSet` implementation in `agb::hashmap`.
 
 ### Changed
+
+- Changed how 16 colour palettes are optimised to give better average case results. You should find that
+  either your palettes will always import, or never import correctly.
+
+## [0.21.0] - 2024/09/24
+
+### Added
+
+- Added support for vibrato in `agb-tracker`'s XM format
+- Method to stop the tracker
+
+### Changed
+
+- `agb-tracker` now has an `agb` feature which you must enable to use it with `agb`. You won't notice
+  unless you've been using `default-features = false` in which case we recommend removing that from your `Cargo.toml`.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- There are no longer gaps between tiles in affine graphics modes.
+
+### Added
+
+- Added option to export imported background graphics from `include_background_gfx` as pub.
+
+## [0.20.5] - 2024/06/18
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Resolved incompatibility with a dependency's update in `agb-tracker`. If you
+  are already using `agb-tracker`, then this won't yet cause an issue as your
+  lockfile will maintain the working version. However if start a new project, or
+  update dependencies, cargo will choose the later incompatible version.
+
+## [0.20.4] - 2024/06/13
+
+### Changed
+
+- `manhattan_distance` and `magnitude_squared` no longer require the fixed point number.
+
+## [0.20.3] - 2024/06/12
+
+### Added
+
+- Added `find_colour_index_16` and `find_colour_index_256` to the `VRamManager` to find where a colour is in a palette.
+- Added `set_graphics_mode` to unmanaged sprites. This allows you to change to the blending and window modes.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Affine background center position didn't work outside of the upper left quadrant of the gba's screen.
+- Fixed backtrace pointing to the wrong line of code (being out by one).
+- Fixes overflow caused by certain font characteristics on boundaries of sprites in the object text renderer.
+
+## [0.20.2] - 2024/05/25
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed the crash screen to show debug text even if the qr code fails to generate.
+- Fixed the crash screen to prevent the qr code always failing to generate.
+
+## [0.20.1] - 2024/05/17
+
+### Added
+
+- Added `dot` and `cross` product methods for `Vector2D`.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed an issue with agb tracker where XM files with linear frequencies were playing the wrong notes
+
+## [0.20.0] - 2024/05/14
+
+### Added
+
+- Added a new crash screen which provides a mechanism for seeing a full stack trace of your program when it panics.
+  This requires a change to your `.cargo/config.toml`. You must add the rust flag `"-Cforce-frame-pointers=yes"` to
+  your rustflags field. This can also be disabled by removing the `backtrace` feature.
+- Initial unicode support for font rendering.
+- Kerning support for font rendering.
+- Added `set_next` method to `OamIterator` to avoid repeated boilerplate when dealing with unmanaged objects.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Export the `dma` module correctly so you can write the types from it and use it in more complex cases.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Many macros now emit statics rather than consts OR can be used as statics OR
+  have had examples changed to use statics. You should use statics where possible
+  for assets as consts can lead to them being included multiple times in the
+  ROM.
+- Fixnums are now implemented with `num_traits` trait definitions.
+- Rather than having our own sync with Statics, use the standard portable
+  atomics crate. These are reexported for convenience.
+- `Mgba` no longer implements `Write`. You're unlikely to notice as
+  `agb::println!` is unchanged.
+- Writes of long messages to mgba are split over multiple log messages if they
+  overflow mgba's buffer. On a panic, only the final message will be Fatal with
+  the preceding ones (if needed) being Info.
+
+## [0.19.1] - 2024/03/06
+
+### Added
+
+- `.abs()` on `Vector2D` and `Rect`
+
+### Fixed
+
+- `InfiniteScrolledMap` can now scroll more than 1 tile in a single frame without corrupting.
+
+## [0.19.0] - 2024/03/06
+
+### Added
+
+- Added `.priority()`, `.set_priority()` and `.is_visible()` to `RegularMap`, `AffineMap` and `InfiniteScrolledMap`.
+- Replaced `.show()` and `.hide()` with `.set_visible()`in `RegularMap`, `AffineMap` and `InfiniteScrolledMap`.
+- Added `.into_inner()` to `InfiniteScrolledMap` to get the map back once you are done using it in the `InfiniteScrolledMap`.
+- Added `.hflip()`, `.vflip()`, `.priority()`, `.position()` to `ObjectUnmanaged` and `Object`.
+- An abstraction over hblank DMA to allow for cool effects like gradients and circular windows. See the dma_effect\* examples.
+- Expermental and incomplete support for MIDI files with agb-tracker.
+- Fixnum now implements [`num::Num`](https://docs.rs/num/0.4/num/trait.Num.html) from the [`num`](https://crates.io/crates/num) crate.
+- `Default` implementations for `RandomNumberGenerator`, `InitOnce` and `RawMutex`.
+
+### Changed
+
+- A few functions which previously accepted a `Vector<u16>` now accept an `impl Into<Vector2D<u16>>` instead.
+
+## [0.18.1] - 2024/02/06
+
+### Added
+
+- You can now use include_aseprite and include_background_gfx to include files from the out directory using the `$OUT_DIR` token.
+- Added `.pause()` and `.resume()` methods to `SoundChannels` to let you pause and resume from where you left off.
+
+## [0.18.0] - 2023/10/31
+
+### Added
+
+- There is now a multiboot feature which you can use to easily make multiboot ROMs.
+- Can now set palette on a TileSetting struct.
+
+### Changed
+
+- You no longer need the gba.ld or gba_mb.ld files in your repository. You should delete these when upgrading.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Multiboot builds now work on mgba.
+- Fixed inaccuracy in cosine implementation caused by accidentally multiplying correction term by zero.
+
+## [0.17.1] - 2023/10/05
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed the build on docs.rs.
+
+## [0.17.0] - 2023/10/03
+
+### Added
+
+- New tracker for playing XM files (see the `agb-tracker` crate).
+- You can now declare where looping sound channels should restart.
+- Fixnums now have constructors from_f32 and from_f64. This is mainly useful if using agb-fixnum outside of the Game Boy Advance e.g. in build scripts or macros.
+- New option when loading a background to automatically deduplicate tiles.
+- Methods on tile_setting to toggle its hflip and vflip status.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Sound channel panning and volume options are now `Num<i16, 8>` rather than `Num<i16, 4>` for improved precision and sound quality.
+- Due to dependency changes, agb-gbafix is now released under MPL rather than GPL.
+- `include_background_gfx!` now produces tile sets and tile settings directly.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- 256-colour backgrounds are better supported.
+- Mono looping samples will now correctly play to the end if it doesn't perfectly align with a buffer boundry and short samples now also loop correctly.
+- Fixed a bug in bitmap4 that caused setting pixels to be always incorrect.
+
+## [0.16.0] - 2023/07/18
+
+### Added
+
+- New `include_palette` macro for including every colour in an image as a `u16` slice.
+- New object based text renderer.
+
+### Changed
+
 - Changed the default template game.
-- `DynamicSprite` has a new API which changes the constructor and adds a `set_pixel` method.
+- `DynamicSprite` has a new API which changes the constructor and adds a `set_pixel` and `clear` methods.
+- You no longer need to install arm-none-eabi-binutils. In order to write games using `agb`, you now only need to install rust nightly.
+- 10% performance improvement with the software mixer.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Compile error if you tried to import a larger sprite which uses more than 15 colours between frames.
 
 ## [0.15.0] - 2023/04/25
 
 ### Added
+
 - You can now import aseprite files directly (in addition to the already supported png and bmp files) when importing background tiles.
 - New additional unmanaged object API for interacting with a more straightforward manner with the underlying hardware.
 
 ### Changed
-- Importing background tiles has been improved. You no longer need to use `include_background_gfx!` with the toml file. Instead, use `include_background_gfx`. See the documentation for usage.
-- The hashmap implementation is now it its own crate, `agb-hashmap`. There is no change in API, but you can now use this for interop between non-agb code and agb code
+
+- Importing background tiles has been improved. You no longer need to use `include_gfx!` with the toml file. Instead, use `include_background_gfx`. See the documentation for usage.
+- The hashmap implementation is now it its own crate, `agb-hashmap`. There is no change in API, but you can now use this for interop between non-agb code and agb code.
 - Moved the existing object API to be the OamManaged API. The old names persist with deprecated notices on them.
 
 ## [0.14.0] - 2023/04/11
 
 ### Added
+
 - Added custom `gbafix` implementation which can take the elf file produced by `cargo build` directly, removing the need for the objcopy step.
 
 ### Changed
+
 - Made Vector2D::new a const function.
 - The template now uses rust 2021 edition by default.
 - All objects which should only be created once now have the correct lifetimes to only allow one to exist.
@@ -38,7 +247,8 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - Soundness issues with interrupts resolved which makes them unsafe and require the closure to be static (breaking change).
 
 ### Fixed
-- Alpha channel is now considered by `include_background_gfx!()` even when `transparent_colour` is absent.
+
+- Alpha channel is now considered by `include_gfx!()` even when `transparent_colour` is absent.
 - 256 colour backgrounds are now correctly rendered (breaking change).
 - The `#[agb::entry]` macro now reports errors better.
 - Added the shstrtab section to the linker to ensure that agb builds with lld.
@@ -46,14 +256,17 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 ## [0.13.0] - 2023/01/19
 
 ### Added
+
 - Added missed implementations of `regular()` and `affine()` to `Tiled1` which made `Tiled1` impossible to use.
 
 ### Changed
+
 - Text renderer can now be re-used which is useful for rpg style character/word at a time text boxes.
 - Audio now automatically uses interrupts, so you can remove the `setup_interrupt_handler` or `after_vblank` calls to the mixer.
 - If a vblank happens outside of `wait_for_vblank`, then next call will immediately return.
 
 ### Fixed
+
 - Zero volume now plays no sound.
 - Fixed issue where volume was incorrect for volumes which were powers of 2.
 
@@ -62,6 +275,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 This is a minor release to fix an alignment issue with background tiles.
 
 ### Fixed
+
 - Corrected alignment of background tiles which was causing issues with rendering tiles in some cases.
 
 ## [0.12.1] - 2022/10/12
@@ -69,6 +283,7 @@ This is a minor release to fix an alignment issue with background tiles.
 This is a minor release to fix the build of the docs on [docs.rs/agb](https://docs.rs/agb).
 
 ### Fixed
+
 - Fixed the agb crate's docs.rs build
 
 ## [0.12.0] - 2022/10/11
@@ -81,6 +296,7 @@ This version of `agb` has some exciting new features we'd like to highlight and
 We also had a contribution by @ijc8. We can't thank you all enough!
 
 ### Added
+
 - Custom allocator support using the `Allocator` trait for `HashMap`. This means the `HashMap` can be used with `InternalAllocator` to allocate to IWRAM or the `ExternalAllocator` to explicitly allocate to EWRAM.
 - Support for using windows on the GBA. Windows are used to selectively enable rendering of certain layers or effects.
 - Support for the blend mode of the GBA. Blending allows for alpha blending between layers and fading to black and white.
@@ -93,6 +309,7 @@ We also had a contribution by @ijc8. We can't thank you all enough!
 - Added support for dynamic sprites generated at runtime, some parts of this may change significantly so breaking changes are expected here.
 
 ### Changed
+
 - Many of the places that originally disabled IRQs now use the `sync` module, reducing the chance of missed interrupts.
 - HashMap iterators now implement `size_hint` which should result in slightly better generation of code using those iterators.
 - Transparency of backgrounds is now set once in the toml file rather than once for every image.
@@ -101,6 +318,7 @@ We also had a contribution by @ijc8. We can't thank you all enough!
 - `testing` is now a default feature, so you no longer need to add a separate `dev-dependencies` line for `agb` in order to enable unit tests for your project.
 
 ### Fixed
+
 - Fixed the fast magnitude function in agb_fixnum. This is also used in fast_normalise. Previously only worked for positive (x, y).
 - Fixed formatting of fixed point numbers in the range (-1, 0), which previously appeared positive.
 
@@ -109,14 +327,17 @@ We also had a contribution by @ijc8. We can't thank you all enough!
 Version 0.11.1 brings documentation for fixed point numbers. We recommend all users upgrade to this version since it also includes fixes to a few functions in fixnum. See changed section for breaking changes.
 
 ### Added
+
 - Support for sprites that are not square.
 - Docs for fixed point numbers.
 
 ### Changed
+
 - `Rect::contains_point` now considers points on the boundary to be part of the rectangle.
 - Signature of `Rect::overlapping_rect` changed to return an Option. Returns None if rectangles don't overlap.
 
 ### Fixed
+
 - Fixed point sine calculates the sine correctly.
 
 ## [0.10.0] - 2022/07/31
@@ -124,6 +345,7 @@ Version 0.11.1 brings documentation for fixed point numbers. We recommend all us
 Version 0.10.0 brings about many new features. As with most `agb` upgrades, you will need to update your `gba.ld` and `gba_mb.ld` files which you can find in the [template repo](https://github.com/agbrs/template). We would also recommend copying the `[profile.dev]` and `[profile.release]` sections from `Cargo.toml` if you don't have these values already.
 
 ### Added
+
 - [Hyperspace roll](https://lostimmortal.itch.io/hyperspace-roll), a new game built for the GMTK Game Jam 2022 using `agb`. The source code can be found in the `examples` directory.
 - Started using GitHub discussions as a forum
 - Many functions previously undocumented are now documented
@@ -140,6 +362,7 @@ Version 0.10.0 brings about many new features. As with most `agb` upgrades, you
 - Random number generator in agb::rng
 
 ### Changed
+
 - Audio system optimisations - reduced CPU usage by more than 50%
 - Background tiles are now removed from Video RAM during `commit()` if they are no longer used rather than immediately reducing flickering
 - Improved the README for both the main agb crate and the template
@@ -149,9 +372,11 @@ Version 0.10.0 brings about many new features. As with most `agb` upgrades, you
 - A few methods accepting `Num<..>` have been changed to accept `impl Into<Num<..>>` to make them easier to use
 
 ### Removed
+
 - The ability to use timer0 and timer1 through the `timer` module. This was done in order to fully support 32kHz audio
 
 ### Fixed
+
 - Sprite data is now correctly aligned so fast copies will always work
 - A few methods which should really be internal have had `pub` removed
 - The crate now compiles (but does not run) doctests in CI which pointed out a large number of non-compiling examples

Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+[workspace]
+
+resolver = "2"
+
+# unfortunately we can't include 'agb' or anything which compiles to non-native code
+# in the workspace here, and they need to be tracked separately.
+members = [
+    # "agb"
+    "agb-debug",
+    "agb-fixnum",
+    "agb-gbafix",
+    "agb-hashmap",
+    "agb-image-converter",
+    "agb-macros",
+    "agb-sound-converter",
+
+    "tracker/agb-midi",
+    "tracker/agb-midi-core",
+    "tracker/agb-tracker-interop",
+    # "tracker/agb-tracker",
+    "tracker/agb-xm",
+    "tracker/agb-xm-core",
+    "tracker/desktop-player",
+
+    "tools",
+
+    "emulator/mgba",
+    "emulator/mgba-sys",
+    "emulator/test-runner",
+    "emulator/screenshot-generator",
+    "website/backtrace",
+]
+
+exclude = [
+    "agb",
+
+    "tracker/agb-tracker",
+
+    "examples/amplitude",
+    "examples/combo",
+    "examples/hyperspace-roll",
+    "examples/the-dungeon-puzzlers-lament",
+    "examples/the-hat-chooses-the-wizard",
+    "examples/the-purple-night",
+
+    "book/games/pong",
+
+    "template",
+]

README.md

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ without needing to have extensive knowledge of its low-level implementation.
 
 agb provides the following features:
 
-* Simple build process with minimal dependencies
-* Built in importing of sprites, backgrounds, music and sound effects
-* High performance audio mixer
-* Easy to use sprite and tiled background usage
-* A global allocator allowing for use of both `core` and `alloc`
+- Simple build process with minimal dependencies
+- Built in importing of sprites, backgrounds, music and sound effects
+- High performance audio mixer and optional tracker which can play `.xm` files
+- Easy to use sprite and tiled background usage
+- A global allocator allowing for use of both `core` and `alloc`
 
 The documentation for the latest release can be found on
 [docs.rs](https://docs.rs/agb/latest/agb/).
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The best way to get started with agb is to use the template, either within the
 
 Once you have done this, you will find further instructions within the README in the template.
 
-There is an (in progress) tutorial which you can find on the [project website](https://agbrs.github.io/agb/).
+There is an (in progress) tutorial which you can find on the [project website](https://agbrs.dev/).
 
 ## Help / Support
 
@@ -41,35 +41,29 @@ is a great place to get help from the creators and contributors.
 
 Feel free to [create a new discussion in the Q&A category](https://github.com/agbrs/agb/discussions/new?category=Q-A) and we'll do our best to help!
 
-
 ## Contributing to agb itself
 
 In order to contribute to agb itself, you will need a few extra tools on top of what you would need
 to just write games for the Game Boy Advance using this library:
 
-* Recent rustup, see [the rust website](https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install)
+- Recent rustup, see [the rust website](https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install)
   for instructions for your operating system.
-    * You can update rustup with `rustup update`, or using your package manager
+  - You can update rustup with `rustup self update`, or using your package manager
     if you obtained rustup in this way.
-* arm eabi binutils 
-    * Debian and derivatives: `sudo apt install binutils-arm-none-eabi`
-    * Arch Linux and derivatives: `pacman -S arm-none-eabi-binutils`
-    * Windows can apparently use the [GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain](https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloads).
-      Make sure to select "Add path to environment variable" during the install.
-    * This process has only been tested on Ubuntu and Arch Linux.
-* libelf and cmake
-  * Debian and derivatives: `sudo apt install libelf-dev cmake`
-  * Arch Linux and derivatives: `pacman -S libelf cmake`
-* mgba-test-runner
-    * Run `cargo install --path mgba-test-runner` inside this directory
-* [The 'just' build tool](https://github.com/casey/just)
-    * Install with `cargo install just`
-* [mdbook](https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/index.html)
-    * Install with `cargo install mdbook`
-* [miri](https://github.com/rust-lang/miri)
-  * Some of the unsafe code is tested using miri, install with `rustup component add miri`
+- libelf and cmake
+  - Debian and derivatives: `sudo apt install libelf-dev cmake`
+  - Arch Linux and derivatives: `pacman -S libelf cmake`
+- mgba-test-runner
+  - Run `cargo install --path emulator/test-runner` inside this directory
+- [The 'just' build tool](https://github.com/casey/just)
+  - Install with `cargo install just`
+- [mdbook](https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/index.html)
+  - Install with `cargo install mdbook`
+- [miri](https://github.com/rust-lang/miri)
+  - Some of the unsafe code is tested using miri, install with `rustup component add miri`
 
 With all of this installed, you should be able to run a full build of agb using by running
+
 ```sh
 just ci
 ```
@@ -78,17 +72,21 @@ Note that before you create a PR, please file an issue so we can discuss what yo
 
 ## Structure of the repo
 
+`agb-debug` - a tool you can use to decode agb stacktraces
+
 `agb-fixnum` - a simple fixed point number storage since the GBA doesn't have a floating point unit, so required
 for performant decimals.
 
+`agb-gbafix` - a clean-room reimplementation of the gbafix utility that accepts elf files rather than binaries
+
+`agb-hashmap` - an no_std hashmap implementation tuned for use on the game boy advance
+
 `agb-image-converter` - a crate which converts images in normal formats to a format supported by the game boy advance
 
 `agb-macros` - miscellaneous proc-macros which have to be in a different crate
 
 `agb-sound-converter` - a crate which converts wav files into a format supported by the game boy advance
 
-`agb-hashmap` - an no_std hashmap implementation tuned for use on the game boy advance
-
 `agb` - the main library code
 
 `agb/examples` - basic examples often targeting 1 feature, you can run these using `just run-example <example-name>`
@@ -97,12 +95,18 @@ for performant decimals.
 
 `book/games` - games made as part of the tutorial
 
+`emulator` - Rust bindings for the [mgba](https://mgba.io) emulator along with the test runner you can use to run unit tests
+
 `examples` - bigger examples of a complete game, made during game jams
 
-`mgba-test-runner` - a wrapper around the [mgba](https://mgba.io) emulator which allows us to write unit tests in rust
-
 `template` - the source for the [template repository](https://github.com/agbrs/template)
 
+`tools` - misc. tools used in the development of `agb` itself
+
+`tracker` - crates that make up the `agb-tracker` library which allows playing of tracker files
+
+`website` - the source of [the website](https://agbrs.dev)
+
 ## Stability
 
 While agb is in the pre-1.0 phase, we follow a semi-semantic versioning scheme to ensure compatibility between minor releases.
@@ -114,17 +118,14 @@ Once agb reaches version 1.0, we will transition to stronger semantic versioning
 
 agb would not be possible without the help from the following (non-exhaustive) list of projects:
 
-* The amazing work of the [rust-console](https://github.com/rust-console) for making this all possible in the first place
-* The [asefile](https://crates.io/crates/asefile) crate for loading aseprite files
-* [agbabi](https://github.com/felixjones/agbabi) for providing high performance alternatives to common methods
-* [mgba](https://mgba.io) for all the useful debugging / developer tools built in to the emulator
+- The amazing work of the [rust-console](https://github.com/rust-console) for making this all possible in the first place
+- The [asefile](https://crates.io/crates/asefile) crate for loading aseprite files
+- [agbabi](https://github.com/felixjones/agbabi) for providing high performance alternatives to common methods
+- [mgba](https://mgba.io) for all the useful debugging / developer tools built in to the emulator
 
 ## Licence
 
-agb and all its subcrates (except agb-gbafix) are released under MPL version 2.0. See full licence
-text in the `LICENSE` file.
-
-agb-gbafix is released under GPL version 3.0. See the full licence in the agb-gbafix/LICENSE file
+agb and all its subcrates are released under MPL version 2.0. See full licence text in the `LICENSE` file.
 
 agb contains a subset of the code from [agbabi](https://github.com/felixjones/agbabi) which is released under a zlib style licence,
 details for which you can find under `agb/src/agbabi`.

agb-debug/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[package]
+name = "agb-debug"
+version = "0.21.1"
+edition = "2021"
+authors = ["Gwilym Inzani <email@gwilym.dev>"]
+license = "MPL-2.0"
+description = "CLI utility to convert agb stack trace dumps into human readable stack traces"
+repository = "https://github.com/agbrs/agb"
+
+[dependencies]
+addr2line = { version = "0.24", default-features = false, features = ["rustc-demangle"] }
+gimli = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["endian-reader", "std"] }
+object = { version = "0.36", default-features = false, features = ["read"] }
+
+thiserror = "2"
+clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
+colored = "2"
+rmp-serde = "1"
+lz4_flex = "0.11"

agb-debug/src/gwilym_encoding.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+use std::{slice::ChunksExact, sync::OnceLock};
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+const ALPHABET: &[u8] = b"0123456789=ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum GwilymDecodeError {
+    #[error("Does not contain version")]
+    NoVersion,
+    #[error("Only version 1 is supported")]
+    WrongVersion,
+    #[error("Input must be a multiple of 3 but have {0}")]
+    LengthWrong(usize),
+}
+
+pub fn gwilym_decode(input: &str) -> Result<GwilymDecodeIter<'_>, GwilymDecodeError> {
+    GwilymDecodeIter::new(input)
+}
+
+pub struct GwilymDecodeIter<'a> {
+    chunks: ChunksExact<'a, u8>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> GwilymDecodeIter<'a> {
+    fn new(input: &'a str) -> Result<Self, GwilymDecodeError> {
+        let input = input
+            .strip_prefix("https://agbrs.dev/crash#")
+            .unwrap_or(input);
+
+        let Some((input, version)) = input.rsplit_once('v') else {
+            return Err(GwilymDecodeError::NoVersion);
+        };
+
+        if version != "1" {
+            return Err(GwilymDecodeError::WrongVersion);
+        }
+
+        if input.len() % 3 != 0 {
+            return Err(GwilymDecodeError::LengthWrong(input.len()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            chunks: input.as_bytes().chunks_exact(3),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iterator for GwilymDecodeIter<'_> {
+    type Item = u32;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        let chunk = self.chunks.next()?;
+
+        let value = decode_chunk(chunk);
+        if value & (1 << 16) != 0 {
+            let upper_bits = value << 16;
+            let lower_bits = self.next().unwrap_or(0) & 0xffff;
+
+            return Some(upper_bits | lower_bits);
+        }
+
+        Some(value | 0x0800_0000)
+    }
+}
+
+fn decode_chunk(chunk: &[u8]) -> u32 {
+    let a = get_value_for_char(chunk[0]);
+    let b = get_value_for_char(chunk[1]);
+    let c = get_value_for_char(chunk[2]);
+
+    (a << (16 - 5)) | (b << (16 - 10)) | c
+}
+
+fn get_value_for_char(input: u8) -> u32 {
+    static REVERSE_ALHPABET: OnceLock<[u8; 128]> = OnceLock::new();
+
+    REVERSE_ALHPABET.get_or_init(|| {
+        let mut result = [0; 128];
+        for (i, &c) in ALPHABET.iter().enumerate() {
+            result[c as usize] = i as u8;
+        }
+
+        result
+    })[input as usize] as u32
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::fmt::Write;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn should_correctly_decode_16s() -> Result<(), GwilymDecodeError> {
+        assert_eq!(
+            &gwilym_decode("2QI65Q69306Kv1")?.collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            &[0x0800_16d3, 0x0800_315b, 0x0800_3243, 0x0800_0195]
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn encode_16(input: u16) -> [u8; 3] {
+        let input = input as usize;
+        [
+            ALPHABET[input >> (16 - 5)],
+            ALPHABET[(input >> (16 - 10)) & 0b11111],
+            ALPHABET[input & 0b111111],
+        ]
+    }
+
+    fn encode_32(input: u32) -> [u8; 6] {
+        let input = input as usize;
+        let output_lower_16 = encode_16(input as u16);
+        let input_upper_16 = input >> 16;
+        [
+            ALPHABET[(input_upper_16 >> (16 - 5)) | (1 << 5)],
+            ALPHABET[(input_upper_16 >> (16 - 10)) & 0b11111],
+            ALPHABET[input_upper_16 & 0b111111],
+            output_lower_16[0],
+            output_lower_16[1],
+            output_lower_16[2],
+        ]
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn should_correctly_decode_16s_and_32s() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+        let trace: &[u32] = &[
+            0x0300_2990,
+            0x0800_3289,
+            0x0500_2993,
+            0x3829_2910,
+            0xffff_ffff,
+            0x0000_0000,
+        ];
+
+        let mut result = String::new();
+        for &ip in trace {
+            if ip & 0xFFFF_0000 == 0x0800_0000 {
+                let encoded = encode_16(ip as u16);
+                let encoded_s = std::str::from_utf8(&encoded)?;
+                write!(&mut result, "{encoded_s}")?
+            } else {
+                let encoded = encode_32(ip);
+                let encoded_s = std::str::from_utf8(&encoded)?;
+                write!(&mut result, "{encoded_s}")?
+            }
+        }
+
+        write!(&mut result, "v1")?;
+
+        assert_eq!(&gwilym_decode(&result)?.collect::<Vec<_>>(), trace);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn should_strip_the_agbrsdev_prefix() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+        assert_eq!(
+            &gwilym_decode("https://agbrs.dev/crash#2QI65Q69306Kv1")?.collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            &[0x0800_16d3, 0x0800_315b, 0x0800_3243, 0x0800_0195]
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

agb-debug/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+mod gwilym_encoding;
+mod load_dwarf;
+
+use addr2line::gimli;
+pub use gwilym_encoding::{gwilym_decode, GwilymDecodeError};
+pub use load_dwarf::{load_dwarf, GimliDwarf, LoadDwarfError};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+pub use addr2line;
+
+pub struct AddressInfo {
+    pub location: Location,
+    pub is_interesting: bool,
+    pub is_inline: bool,
+    pub function: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum AddressInfoError {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Gimli(#[from] gimli::Error),
+}
+
+pub struct Location {
+    pub filename: String,
+    pub line: u32,
+    pub col: u32,
+}
+
+pub type Addr2LineContext = addr2line::Context<gimli::EndianRcSlice<gimli::RunTimeEndian>>;
+
+impl Default for Location {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            filename: "??".to_string(),
+            line: 0,
+            col: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn address_info(
+    ctx: &Addr2LineContext,
+    address: u64,
+) -> Result<Vec<AddressInfo>, AddressInfoError> {
+    let mut frames = ctx.find_frames(address).skip_all_loads()?;
+
+    let mut is_first = true;
+
+    let mut infos = Vec::new();
+
+    while let Some(frame) = frames.next()? {
+        let function_name = if let Some(ref func) = frame.function {
+            func.demangle()?.into_owned()
+        } else {
+            "unknown function".to_string()
+        };
+
+        let location = frame
+            .location
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|location| Location {
+                filename: location.file.unwrap_or("??").to_owned(),
+                line: location.line.unwrap_or(0),
+                col: location.column.unwrap_or(0),
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        let is_interesting = is_interesting_function(&function_name, &location.filename);
+
+        infos.push(AddressInfo {
+            location,
+            is_interesting,
+            is_inline: !is_first,
+            function: function_name,
+        });
+        is_first = false;
+    }
+
+    Ok(infos)
+}
+
+fn is_interesting_function(function_name: &str, path: &str) -> bool {
+    if function_name == "rust_begin_unwind" {
+        return false; // this is the unwind exception call
+    }
+
+    if path.ends_with("panicking.rs") {
+        return false; // probably part of rust's internal panic mechanisms
+    }
+
+    true
+}

agb-debug/src/load_dwarf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::HashMap, io::Cursor, rc::Rc};
+
+use addr2line::gimli;
+use object::Object;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum LoadDwarfError {
+    #[error("Gba file is empty")]
+    GbaFileEmpty,
+    #[error("Failed to load debug information from ROM file, it might not have been included?")]
+    NoDebugInformation,
+    #[error("Failed to load debug information: {0}")]
+    DeserializationError(#[from] rmp_serde::decode::Error),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    GimliError(#[from] gimli::Error),
+}
+
+pub type GimliDwarf = gimli::Dwarf<gimli::EndianRcSlice<gimli::RunTimeEndian>>;
+
+pub fn load_dwarf(file_content: &[u8]) -> Result<GimliDwarf, LoadDwarfError> {
+    if let Ok(object) = object::File::parse(file_content) {
+        return Ok(load_from_object(&object)?);
+    }
+
+    // the file might have been padded, so ensure we skip any padding before continuing
+    let last_non_zero_byte = file_content
+        .iter()
+        .rposition(|&b| b != 0)
+        .ok_or(LoadDwarfError::GbaFileEmpty)?;
+
+    let file_content = &file_content[..last_non_zero_byte + 1];
+
+    let last_8_bytes = &file_content[file_content.len() - 8..];
+    let len = u32::from_le_bytes(
+        last_8_bytes[0..4]
+            .try_into()
+            .or(Err(LoadDwarfError::NoDebugInformation))?,
+    ) as usize;
+    let version = &last_8_bytes[4..];
+
+    if version != b"agb1" {
+        return Err(LoadDwarfError::NoDebugInformation);
+    }
+
+    let compressed_debug_data = &file_content[file_content.len() - len - 8..file_content.len() - 8];
+
+    let decompressing_reader =
+        lz4_flex::frame::FrameDecoder::new(Cursor::new(compressed_debug_data));
+    let debug_info: HashMap<String, Vec<u8>> = rmp_serde::decode::from_read(decompressing_reader)?;
+
+    let dwarf = gimli::Dwarf::load(|id| {
+        let data = debug_info
+            .get(id.name())
+            .map(|data| Cow::Borrowed(data.as_slice()))
+            .unwrap_or(Cow::Borrowed(&[]));
+
+        Result::<_, gimli::Error>::Ok(gimli::EndianRcSlice::new(
+            Rc::from(&*data),
+            gimli::RunTimeEndian::Little,
+        ))
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(dwarf)
+}
+
+fn load_from_object<'file>(
+    object: &object::File<'file, &'file [u8]>,
+) -> Result<GimliDwarf, gimli::Error> {
+    let endian = if object.is_little_endian() {
+        gimli::RunTimeEndian::Little
+    } else {
+        gimli::RunTimeEndian::Big
+    };
+
+    fn load_section<'data, Endian>(
+        id: gimli::SectionId,
+        file: &impl object::Object<'data>,
+        endian: Endian,
+    ) -> Result<gimli::EndianRcSlice<Endian>, gimli::Error>
+    where
+        Endian: gimli::Endianity,
+    {
+        use object::ObjectSection;
+
+        let data = file
+            .section_by_name(id.name())
+            .and_then(|section| section.uncompressed_data().ok())
+            .unwrap_or(Cow::Borrowed(&[]));
+        Ok(gimli::EndianRcSlice::new(Rc::from(&*data), endian))
+    }
+
+    let dwarf = gimli::Dwarf::load(|id| load_section(id, object, endian))?;
+    Ok(dwarf)
+}

agb-debug/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+use std::{
+    borrow::Cow,
+    error::Error,
+    fs::{self, File},
+    io::Read,
+    path::PathBuf,
+    time::SystemTime,
+};
+
+use agb_debug::{address_info, AddressInfo, Location};
+use clap::Parser;
+use colored::Colorize;
+
+#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
+#[command(version, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Args {
+    /// The filename of the elf file
+    elf_path: PathBuf,
+
+    /// The output of agb's dump
+    dump: String,
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let cli = Args::parse();
+
+    let modification_time = fs::metadata(&cli.elf_path)?
+        .modified()
+        .unwrap_or(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH);
+
+    let file = fs::read(&cli.elf_path)?;
+    let dwarf = agb_debug::load_dwarf(&file)?;
+
+    let ctx = addr2line::Context::from_dwarf(dwarf)?;
+
+    for (i, address) in agb_debug::gwilym_decode(&cli.dump)?.enumerate() {
+        let infos = address_info(&ctx, address.into())?;
+        for info in infos {
+            print_address_info(&info, i, modification_time)?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn print_address_info(
+    info: &AddressInfo,
+    index: usize,
+    elf_modification_time: SystemTime,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let function_name_to_print = &info.function;
+
+    if !info.is_inline {
+        print!("{index}:\t{function_name_to_print}");
+    } else {
+        print!("\t(inlined into) {function_name_to_print}");
+    }
+
+    println!(
+        " {}:{}",
+        prettify_path(&info.location.filename).green(),
+        info.location.line.to_string().green()
+    );
+
+    if info.location.line != 0 && info.is_interesting {
+        print_line_of_code(&info.location, elf_modification_time)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn print_line_of_code(
+    location: &Location,
+    elf_modification_time: SystemTime,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let filename = &location.filename;
+    let Ok(mut file) = File::open(filename) else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    let modification_time = fs::metadata(filename)?
+        .modified()
+        .unwrap_or(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH);
+
+    if modification_time > elf_modification_time {
+        eprintln!("Warning: File {filename} modified more recently than the binary, line info may be incorrect");
+    }
+
+    let mut content = String::new();
+    file.read_to_string(&mut content)?;
+
+    let Some(line_of_code) = content.split('\n').nth(location.line as usize - 1) else {
+        eprintln!("File {filename} does not have line {}", location.line);
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    let trimmed = line_of_code.trim_start();
+    let trimmed_len = line_of_code.len() - trimmed.len();
+    println!("\t\t{}", trimmed);
+
+    if location.col != 0 {
+        println!(
+            "\t\t{}{}",
+            " ".repeat(location.col as usize - trimmed_len - 1),
+            "^".bright_blue()
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn prettify_path(path: &str) -> Cow<'_, str> {
+    if let Some(src_index) = path.rfind("/src/") {
+        let crate_name_start = path[0..src_index].rfind('/');
+        let crate_name = crate_name_start
+            .map(|crate_name_start| &path[crate_name_start + 1..src_index])
+            .unwrap_or("<crate>");
+
+        Cow::Owned(format!("<{crate_name}>/{}", &path[src_index + 5..]))
+    } else {
+        Cow::Borrowed(path)
+    }
+}

agb-fixnum/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,20 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "agb_fixnum"
-version = "0.15.0"
+version = "0.21.1"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 description = "Library for abstracting over fixed precision numbers. Designed for use with the agb library for the Game Boy Advance"
 repository = "https://github.com/agbrs/agb"
+keywords = ["no-std", "no-std::no-alloc"]
 
 [dependencies]
-agb_macros = { version = "0.15.0", path = "../agb-macros" }
-
-[profile.dev]
-opt-level = 3
-debug = true
-
-[profile.release]
-opt-level = 3
-lto = "fat"
-debug = true
-codegen-units = 1
+agb_macros = { version = "0.21.1", path = "../agb-macros" }
+num-traits = { version = "0.2", default-features = false }

agb-fixnum/src/lib.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use core::{
         Sub, SubAssign,
     },
 };
+use num_traits::Signed;
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
 /// Used internally by the [num!] macro which should be used instead.
@@ -32,73 +33,41 @@ macro_rules! num {
 
 /// A trait for everything required to use as the internal representation of the
 /// fixed point number.
-pub trait Number:
-    Sized
-    + Copy
-    + PartialOrd
-    + Ord
-    + PartialEq
-    + Eq
-    + Add<Output = Self>
-    + Sub<Output = Self>
-    + Rem<Output = Self>
-    + Div<Output = Self>
-    + Mul<Output = Self>
-{
-}
+pub trait Number: Copy + PartialOrd + Ord + num_traits::Num {}
 
 impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> Number for Num<I, N> {}
 impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger> Number for I {}
 
 /// A trait for integers that don't implement unary negation
 pub trait FixedWidthUnsignedInteger:
-    Sized
-    + Copy
+    Copy
     + PartialOrd
     + Ord
-    + PartialEq
-    + Eq
     + Shl<usize, Output = Self>
     + Shr<usize, Output = Self>
-    + Add<Output = Self>
-    + Sub<Output = Self>
-    + Not<Output = Self>
     + BitAnd<Output = Self>
-    + Rem<Output = Self>
-    + Div<Output = Self>
-    + Mul<Output = Self>
     + From<u8>
     + Debug
     + Display
+    + num_traits::Num
+    + Not<Output = Self>
 {
-    /// Returns the representation of zero
-    fn zero() -> Self;
-    /// Returns the representation of one
-    fn one() -> Self;
     /// Returns the representation of ten
     fn ten() -> Self;
     /// Converts an i32 to it's own representation, panics on failure
     fn from_as_i32(v: i32) -> Self;
+    /// Returns (a * b) >> N
+    fn upcast_multiply(a: Self, b: Self, n: usize) -> Self;
 }
 
 /// Trait for an integer that includes negation
-pub trait FixedWidthSignedInteger: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger + Neg<Output = Self> {
-    #[must_use]
-    /// Returns the absolute value of the number
-    fn fixed_abs(self) -> Self;
-}
+pub trait FixedWidthSignedInteger: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger + num_traits::sign::Signed {}
+
+impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger + Signed> FixedWidthSignedInteger for I {}
 
 macro_rules! fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl {
-    ($T: ty) => {
+    ($T: ty, $Upcast: ident) => {
         impl FixedWidthUnsignedInteger for $T {
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn zero() -> Self {
-                0
-            }
-            #[inline(always)]
-            fn one() -> Self {
-                1
-            }
             #[inline(always)]
             fn ten() -> Self {
                 10
@@ -107,36 +76,88 @@ macro_rules! fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl {
             fn from_as_i32(v: i32) -> Self {
                 v as $T
             }
+
+            upcast_multiply_impl!($T, $Upcast);
         }
     };
 }
 
-macro_rules! fixed_width_signed_integer_impl {
-    ($T: ty) => {
-        impl FixedWidthSignedInteger for $T {
+macro_rules! upcast_multiply_impl {
+    ($T: ty, optimised_64_bit) => {
         #[inline(always)]
-            fn fixed_abs(self) -> Self {
-                self.abs()
+        fn upcast_multiply(a: Self, b: Self, n: usize) -> Self {
+            use num_traits::One;
+
+            let mask = (Self::one() << n).wrapping_sub(1);
+
+            let a_floor = a >> n;
+            let a_frac = a & mask;
+
+            let b_floor = b >> n;
+            let b_frac = b & mask;
+
+            (a_floor.wrapping_mul(b_floor) << n)
+                .wrapping_add(
+                    a_floor
+                        .wrapping_mul(b_frac)
+                        .wrapping_add(b_floor.wrapping_mul(a_frac)),
+                )
+                .wrapping_add(((a_frac as u32).wrapping_mul(b_frac as u32) >> n) as $T)
         }
+    };
+    ($T: ty, $Upcast: ty) => {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn upcast_multiply(a: Self, b: Self, n: usize) -> Self {
+            (((a as $Upcast) * (b as $Upcast)) >> n) as $T
         }
     };
 }
 
-fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(u8);
-fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(i16);
-fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(u16);
-fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(i32);
-fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(u32);
-fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(usize);
+fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(u8, u32);
+fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(i16, i32);
+fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(u16, u32);
 
-fixed_width_signed_integer_impl!(i16);
-fixed_width_signed_integer_impl!(i32);
+fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(i32, optimised_64_bit);
+fixed_width_unsigned_integer_impl!(u32, optimised_64_bit);
 
 /// A fixed point number represented using `I` with `N` bits of fractional precision
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 #[repr(transparent)]
 pub struct Num<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize>(I);
 
+impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> num_traits::Zero for Num<I, N> {
+    fn zero() -> Self {
+        Self::new(I::zero())
+    }
+
+    fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
+        self.to_raw() == I::zero()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> num_traits::One for Num<I, N> {
+    fn one() -> Self {
+        Self::new(I::one())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger + num_traits::Num, const N: usize> num_traits::Num for Num<I, N> {
+    type FromStrRadixErr = <f64 as num_traits::Num>::FromStrRadixErr;
+
+    fn from_str_radix(str: &str, radix: u32) -> Result<Self, Self::FromStrRadixErr> {
+        // for some reason, if I don't have this it's an error, and if I do it is unused
+        #[allow(unused_imports)]
+        use num_traits::float::FloatCore;
+
+        let v: f64 = f64::from_str_radix(str, radix)?;
+
+        let integer = v.trunc();
+        let fractional = v.fract() * (1u64 << 30) as f64;
+
+        Ok(Self::new_from_parts((integer as i32, fractional as i32)))
+    }
+}
+
 /// An often convenient representation for the Game Boy Advance using word sized
 /// internal representation for maximum efficiency
 pub type FixedNum<const N: usize> = Num<i32, N>;
@@ -204,9 +225,7 @@ where
 {
     type Output = Self;
     fn mul(self, rhs: Num<I, N>) -> Self::Output {
-        Num(((self.floor() * rhs.floor()) << N)
-            + (self.floor() * rhs.frac() + rhs.floor() * self.frac())
-            + ((self.frac() * rhs.frac()) >> N))
+        Num(I::upcast_multiply(self.0, rhs.0, N))
     }
 }
 
@@ -345,6 +364,20 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> Num<I, N> {
         self.0
     }
 
+    /// Lossily transforms an f32 into a fixed point representation. This is not const
+    /// because you cannot currently do floating point operations in const contexts, so
+    /// you should use the `num!` macro from agb-macros if you want a const from_f32/f64
+    pub fn from_f32(input: f32) -> Self {
+        Self::from_raw(I::from_as_i32((input * (1 << N) as f32) as i32))
+    }
+
+    /// Lossily transforms an f64 into a fixed point representation. This is not const
+    /// because you cannot currently do floating point operations in const contexts, so
+    /// you should use the `num!` macro from agb-macros if you want a const from_f32/f64
+    pub fn from_f64(input: f64) -> Self {
+        Self::from_raw(I::from_as_i32((input * (1 << N) as f64) as i32))
+    }
+
     /// Truncates the fixed point number returning the integral part
     /// ```rust
     /// # use agb_fixnum::*;
@@ -416,6 +449,7 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> Num<I, N> {
     }
 
     #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[inline(always)]
     /// Called by the [num!] macro in order to create a fixed point number
     pub fn new_from_parts(num: (i32, i32)) -> Self {
         Self(I::from_as_i32(((num.0) << N) + (num.1 >> (30 - N))))
@@ -467,7 +501,7 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthSignedInteger, const N: usize> Num<I, N> {
     /// assert_eq!(n.abs(), num!(5.5));
     /// ```
     pub fn abs(self) -> Self {
-        Num(self.0.fixed_abs())
+        Num(self.0.abs())
     }
 
     /// Calculates the cosine of a fixed point number with the domain of [0, 1].
@@ -487,17 +521,10 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthSignedInteger, const N: usize> Num<I, N> {
     /// ```
     #[must_use]
     pub fn cos(self) -> Self {
-        let one: Self = I::one().into();
         let mut x = self;
-        let four: I = 4.into();
-        let two: I = 2.into();
-        let sixteen: I = 16.into();
-        let nine: I = 9.into();
-        let forty: I = 40.into();
-
-        x -= one / four + (x + one / four).floor();
-        x *= (x.abs() - one / two) * sixteen;
-        x += x * (x.abs() - one) * (nine / forty);
+        x -= num!(0.25) + (x + num!(0.25)).floor();
+        x *= (x.abs() - num!(0.5)) * num!(16.);
+        x += x * (x.abs() - num!(1.)) * num!(0.225);
         x
     }
 
@@ -523,6 +550,28 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthSignedInteger, const N: usize> Num<I, N> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<I: FixedWidthSignedInteger, const N: usize> num_traits::sign::Signed for Num<I, N> {
+    fn abs(&self) -> Self {
+        Self::abs(*self)
+    }
+
+    fn abs_sub(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0.abs_sub(&other.0))
+    }
+
+    fn signum(&self) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0.signum())
+    }
+
+    fn is_positive(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_positive()
+    }
+
+    fn is_negative(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_negative()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> Display for Num<I, N> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
         let mut integral = self.0 >> N;
@@ -535,16 +584,44 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> Display for Num<I, N> {
         //
         // But if you think of a negative number, you'd like it to be `negative number - non negative fraction`
         // So we have to add 1 to the integral bit, and take 1 - fractional bit
-        if fractional != I::zero() && integral < I::zero() {
+        let sign = if fractional != I::zero() && integral < I::zero() {
             integral = integral + I::one();
-            if integral == I::zero() {
-                // If the number is in the range (-1, 0), then we just bumped `integral` from -1 to 0,
-                // so we need to compensate for the missing negative sign.
-                write!(f, "-")?;
-            }
             fractional = (I::one() << N) - fractional;
+            -1
+        } else {
+            1
+        };
+
+        if let Some(precision) = f.precision() {
+            let precision_multiplier = I::from_as_i32(10_i32.pow(precision as u32));
+
+            let fractional_as_integer = fractional * precision_multiplier * I::ten();
+            let mut fractional_as_integer = fractional_as_integer >> N;
+
+            if fractional_as_integer % I::ten() >= I::from_as_i32(5) {
+                fractional_as_integer = fractional_as_integer + I::ten();
             }
 
+            let mut fraction_to_write = fractional_as_integer / I::ten();
+
+            if fraction_to_write >= precision_multiplier {
+                integral = integral + I::from_as_i32(sign);
+                fraction_to_write = fraction_to_write - precision_multiplier;
+            }
+
+            if sign == -1 && integral == I::zero() && fraction_to_write != I::zero() {
+                write!(f, "-")?;
+            }
+
+            write!(f, "{integral}")?;
+
+            if precision != 0 {
+                write!(f, ".{:#0width$}", fraction_to_write, width = precision)?;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if sign == -1 && integral == I::zero() {
+                write!(f, "-")?;
+            }
             write!(f, "{integral}")?;
 
             if fractional != I::zero() {
@@ -556,6 +633,7 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> Display for Num<I, N> {
                 write!(f, "{}", (fractional & !mask) >> N)?;
                 fractional = fractional & mask;
             }
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -570,7 +648,7 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> Debug for Num<I, N> {
 }
 
 /// A vector of two points: (x, y) represented by integers or fixed point numbers
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Default, Hash)]
 pub struct Vector2D<T: Number> {
     /// The x coordinate
     pub x: T,
@@ -658,6 +736,27 @@ impl<T: Number> SubAssign<Self> for Vector2D<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T: Number + Signed> Vector2D<T> {
+    /// Calculates the absolute value of the x and y components.
+    pub fn abs(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            x: self.x.abs(),
+            y: self.y.abs(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    /// Calculates the manhattan distance, x.abs() + y.abs().
+    /// ```
+    /// # use agb_fixnum::*;
+    /// let v1: Vector2D<Num<i32, 8>> = (num!(3.), num!(4.)).into();
+    /// assert_eq!(v1.manhattan_distance(), 7.into());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn manhattan_distance(self) -> T {
+        self.x.abs() + self.y.abs()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> Vector2D<Num<I, N>> {
     #[must_use]
     /// Truncates the x and y coordinate, see [Num::trunc]
@@ -702,28 +801,6 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> Vector2D<Num<I, N>> {
 }
 
 impl<const N: usize> Vector2D<Num<i32, N>> {
-    #[must_use]
-    /// Calculates the magnitude squared, ie (x*x + y*y)
-    /// ```
-    /// # use agb_fixnum::*;
-    /// let v1: Vector2D<Num<i32, 8>> = (num!(3.), num!(4.)).into();
-    /// assert_eq!(v1.magnitude_squared(), 25.into());
-    /// ```
-    pub fn magnitude_squared(self) -> Num<i32, N> {
-        self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    /// Calculates the manhattan distance, x.abs() + y.abs().
-    /// ```
-    /// # use agb_fixnum::*;
-    /// let v1: Vector2D<Num<i32, 8>> = (num!(3.), num!(4.)).into();
-    /// assert_eq!(v1.manhattan_distance(), 7.into());
-    /// ```
-    pub fn manhattan_distance(self) -> Num<i32, N> {
-        self.x.abs() + self.y.abs()
-    }
-
     #[must_use]
     /// Calculates the magnitude by square root
     /// ```
@@ -819,7 +896,7 @@ impl<I: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger, const N: usize> From<Vector2D<I>> for Vector2
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
 /// A rectangle with a position in 2d space and a 2d size
 pub struct Rect<T: Number> {
     /// The position of the rectangle
@@ -972,6 +1049,20 @@ impl<T: FixedWidthUnsignedInteger> Rect<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T: Number + Signed> Rect<T> {
+    /// Makes a rectangle that represents the equivalent location in space but with a positive size
+    pub fn abs(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            position: (
+                self.position.x + self.size.x.min(T::zero()),
+                self.position.y + self.size.y.min(T::zero()),
+            )
+                .into(),
+            size: self.size.abs(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: Number> Vector2D<T> {
     /// Created a vector from the given coordinates
     /// ```
@@ -1011,6 +1102,48 @@ impl<T: Number> Vector2D<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    #[doc(alias = "scalar_product")]
+    /// Calculates the dot product / scalar product of two vectors
+    /// ```
+    /// use agb_fixnum::Vector2D;
+    ///
+    /// let v1 = Vector2D::new(3, 5);
+    /// let v2 = Vector2D::new(7, 11);
+    ///
+    /// let dot = v1.dot(v2);
+    /// assert_eq!(dot, 76);
+    /// ```
+    /// The dot product for vectors *A* and *B* is defined as
+    /// > *A*<sub>*x*</sub> × *B*<sub>*x*</sub> + *A*<sub>*y*</sub> × *B*<sub>*y*</sub>.
+    pub fn dot(self, b: Self) -> T {
+        self.x * b.x + self.y * b.y
+    }
+
+    #[doc(alias = "vector_product")]
+    /// Calculates the *z* component of the cross product / vector product of two
+    /// vectors
+    /// ```
+    /// use agb_fixnum::Vector2D;
+    ///
+    /// let v1 = Vector2D::new(3, 5);
+    /// let v2 = Vector2D::new(7, 11);
+    ///
+    /// let dot = v1.cross(v2);
+    /// assert_eq!(dot, -2);
+    /// ```
+    /// The *z* component cross product for vectors *A* and *B* is defined as
+    /// > *A*<sub>*x*</sub> × *B*<sub>*y*</sub> - *A*<sub>*y*</sub> × *B*<sub>*x*</sub>.
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// Normally the cross product / vector product is itself a vector. This is
+    /// in the 3D case where the cross product of two vectors is perpendicular
+    /// to both vectors. The only vector perpendicular to two 2D vectors is
+    /// purely in the *z* direction, hence why this method only returns that
+    /// component. The *x* and *y* components are always zero.
+    pub fn cross(self, b: Self) -> T {
+        self.x * b.y - self.y * b.x
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     /// Swaps the x and y coordinate
     /// ```
@@ -1024,6 +1157,17 @@ impl<T: Number> Vector2D<T> {
             y: self.x,
         }
     }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    /// Calculates the magnitude squared, ie (x*x + y*y)
+    /// ```
+    /// # use agb_fixnum::*;
+    /// let v1: Vector2D<Num<i32, 8>> = (num!(3.), num!(4.)).into();
+    /// assert_eq!(v1.magnitude_squared(), 25.into());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn magnitude_squared(self) -> T {
+        self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T: Number + Neg<Output = T>> Neg for Vector2D<T> {
@@ -1041,6 +1185,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
     use alloc::format;
+    use num_traits::Num as _;
 
     #[test]
     fn formats_whole_numbers_correctly() {
@@ -1065,6 +1210,51 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(format!("{d}"), "-0.25");
     }
 
+    mod precision {
+        use super::*;
+
+        macro_rules! num_ {
+            ($n: literal) => {{
+                let a: Num<i32, 20> = num!($n);
+                a
+            }};
+        }
+
+        macro_rules! test_precision {
+            ($TestName: ident, $Number: literal, $Expected: literal) => {
+                test_precision! { $TestName, $Number, $Expected, 2 }
+            };
+            ($TestName: ident, $Number: literal, $Expected: literal, $Digits: literal) => {
+                #[test]
+                fn $TestName() {
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        format!("{:.width$}", num_!($Number), width = $Digits),
+                        $Expected
+                    );
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        test_precision!(positive_down, 1.2345678, "1.23");
+        test_precision!(positive_round_up, 1.237, "1.24");
+        test_precision!(negative_round_down, -1.237, "-1.24");
+
+        test_precision!(trailing_zero, 1.5, "1.50");
+        test_precision!(leading_zero, 1.05, "1.05");
+
+        test_precision!(positive_round_to_next_integer, 3.999, "4.00");
+        test_precision!(negative_round_to_next_integer, -3.999, "-4.00");
+
+        test_precision!(negative_round_to_1, -0.999, "-1.00");
+        test_precision!(positive_round_to_1, 0.999, "1.00");
+
+        test_precision!(positive_round_to_zero, 0.001, "0.00");
+        test_precision!(negative_round_to_zero, -0.001, "0.00");
+
+        test_precision!(zero_precision_negative, -0.001, "0", 0);
+        test_precision!(zero_precision_positive, 0.001, "0", 0);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn sqrt() {
         for x in 1..1024 {
@@ -1114,6 +1304,26 @@ mod tests {
         test_base::<11>();
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn check_cos_accuracy() {
+        let n: Num<i32, 8> = Num::new(1) / 32;
+        assert_eq!(
+            n.cos(),
+            Num::from_f64((2. * core::f64::consts::PI / 32.).cos())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_16_bit_precision_i32() {
+        let a: Num<i32, 16> = num!(1.923);
+        let b = num!(2.723);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            a * b,
+            Num::from_raw(((a.to_raw() as i64 * b.to_raw() as i64) >> 16) as i32)
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_numbers() {
         // test addition
@@ -1292,4 +1502,48 @@ mod tests {
             ]
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_str_radix() {
+        use alloc::string::ToString;
+
+        macro_rules! str_radix_test {
+            ($val:tt) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    Num::<i32, 8>::from_str_radix(stringify!($val), 10).unwrap(),
+                    num!($val)
+                );
+            };
+            (-$val:tt) => {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    Num::<i32, 8>::from_str_radix(&("-".to_string() + stringify!($val)), 10)
+                        .unwrap(),
+                    num!(-$val)
+                );
+            };
+        }
+
+        str_radix_test!(0.1);
+        str_radix_test!(0.100000);
+        str_radix_test!(0000.1000);
+        str_radix_test!(000000.100000);
+        str_radix_test!(000000.1);
+
+        str_radix_test!(138.229);
+        str_radix_test!(-138.229);
+        str_radix_test!(-1321.229231);
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+    #[test]
+    fn test_all_multiplies() {
+        use super::*;
+
+        for i in 0..u32::MAX {
+            let fix_num: Num<_, 7> = Num::from_raw(i);
+            let upcasted = ((i as u64 * i as u64) >> 7) as u32;
+
+            assert_eq!((fix_num * fix_num).to_raw(), upcasted);
+        }
+    }
 }

agb-gbafix/.gitignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-!Cargo.lock

agb-gbafix/Cargo.lock

@@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
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agb-gbafix/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,25 +1,15 @@
 [package]
 name = "agb-gbafix"
-version = "0.15.0"
+version = "0.21.1"
 edition = "2021"
 authors = ["Gwilym Inzani <email@gwilym.dev>"]
-license = "GPL-3.0"
+license = "MPL-2.0"
 description = "CLI utility to convert ELF file to valid GBA ROM"
 repository = "https://github.com/agbrs/agb"
 
 [dependencies]
 elf = "0.7"
-gbafix = "1"
-bytemuck = "1"
 anyhow = "1"
 clap = "4"
-
-[profile.dev]
-opt-level = 3
-debug = true
-
-[profile.release]
-opt-level = 3
-lto = "fat"
-debug = true
-codegen-units = 1
+rmp-serde = "1"
+lz4_flex = "0.11"

agb-gbafix/LICENSE

@@ -1,674 +0,0 @@
-                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
-
- Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-                            Preamble
-
-  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
-software and other kinds of works.
-
-  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
-to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
-the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
-share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
-software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
-GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
-any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
-your programs, too.
-
-  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
-price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
-have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
-them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
-want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
-free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
-
-  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
-these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
-certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
-you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
-
-  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
-gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
-freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
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-know their rights.
-
-  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
-(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
-giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
-
-  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
-that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
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-authors of previous versions.
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agb-gbafix/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, ensure, Result};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, io::Write};
+
+const GBA_HEADER_SIZE: usize = 192;
+
+const NINTENDO_LOGO: &[u8] = &[
+    0x24, 0xFF, 0xAE, 0x51, 0x69, 0x9A, 0xA2, 0x21, 0x3D, 0x84, 0x82, 0x0A, 0x84, 0xE4, 0x09, 0xAD,
+    0x11, 0x24, 0x8B, 0x98, 0xC0, 0x81, 0x7F, 0x21, 0xA3, 0x52, 0xBE, 0x19, 0x93, 0x09, 0xCE, 0x20,
+    0x10, 0x46, 0x4A, 0x4A, 0xF8, 0x27, 0x31, 0xEC, 0x58, 0xC7, 0xE8, 0x33, 0x82, 0xE3, 0xCE, 0xBF,
+    0x85, 0xF4, 0xDF, 0x94, 0xCE, 0x4B, 0x09, 0xC1, 0x94, 0x56, 0x8A, 0xC0, 0x13, 0x72, 0xA7, 0xFC,
+    0x9F, 0x84, 0x4D, 0x73, 0xA3, 0xCA, 0x9A, 0x61, 0x58, 0x97, 0xA3, 0x27, 0xFC, 0x03, 0x98, 0x76,
+    0x23, 0x1D, 0xC7, 0x61, 0x03, 0x04, 0xAE, 0x56, 0xBF, 0x38, 0x84, 0x00, 0x40, 0xA7, 0x0E, 0xFD,
+    0xFF, 0x52, 0xFE, 0x03, 0x6F, 0x95, 0x30, 0xF1, 0x97, 0xFB, 0xC0, 0x85, 0x60, 0xD6, 0x80, 0x25,
+    0xA9, 0x63, 0xBE, 0x03, 0x01, 0x4E, 0x38, 0xE2, 0xF9, 0xA2, 0x34, 0xFF, 0xBB, 0x3E, 0x03, 0x44,
+    0x78, 0x00, 0x90, 0xCB, 0x88, 0x11, 0x3A, 0x94, 0x65, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x63, 0x87, 0xF0, 0x3C, 0xAF,
+    0xD6, 0x25, 0xE4, 0x8B, 0x38, 0x0A, 0xAC, 0x72, 0x21, 0xD4, 0xF8, 0x07,
+];
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct GbaHeader {
+    pub start_code: [u8; 4],
+    pub game_title: [u8; 12],
+    pub game_code: [u8; 4],
+    pub maker_code: [u8; 2],
+    pub software_version: u8,
+}
+
+impl GbaHeader {
+    fn produce_header(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut header_result = vec![];
+
+        header_result.extend_from_slice(&self.start_code);
+        header_result.extend_from_slice(NINTENDO_LOGO);
+        header_result.extend_from_slice(&self.game_title);
+        header_result.extend_from_slice(&self.game_code);
+        header_result.extend_from_slice(&self.maker_code);
+        header_result.push(0x96); // must be 96
+        header_result.push(0); // main unit code (0 for current GBA models)
+        header_result.push(0); // device type, usually 0
+        header_result.extend_from_slice(&[0; 7]); // reserved area, should be zero filled
+        header_result.push(self.software_version);
+
+        let checksum = Self::calculate_checksum(&header_result);
+        header_result.push(checksum); // checksum
+        header_result.extend_from_slice(&[0; 2]); // reserved area, should be zero filled
+
+        assert_eq!(header_result.len(), GBA_HEADER_SIZE);
+
+        header_result
+    }
+
+    fn calculate_checksum(header: &[u8]) -> u8 {
+        let mut chk = 0u8;
+        for value in header.iter().take(0xBC).skip(0xA0) {
+            chk = chk.wrapping_sub(*value);
+        }
+
+        chk = chk.wrapping_sub(0x19);
+        chk
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum PaddingBehaviour {
+    Pad,
+    #[default]
+    DoNotPad,
+}
+
+pub fn write_gba_file<W: Write>(
+    input: &[u8],
+    mut header: GbaHeader,
+    padding_behaviour: PaddingBehaviour,
+    include_debug: bool,
+    output: &mut W,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let elf_file = elf::ElfBytes::<elf::endian::AnyEndian>::minimal_parse(input)?;
+
+    let section_headers = elf_file
+        .section_headers()
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Failed to parse as elf file"))?;
+
+    let mut bytes_written = 0;
+    for section_header in section_headers {
+        const SHT_NOBITS: u32 = 8;
+        const SHT_NULL: u32 = 0;
+        const SHF_ALLOC: u64 = 2;
+
+        if (section_header.sh_type == SHT_NOBITS || section_header.sh_type == SHT_NULL)
+            || section_header.sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC == 0
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let align = bytes_written % section_header.sh_addralign;
+        if align != 0 {
+            for _ in 0..(section_header.sh_addralign - align) {
+                output.write_all(&[0])?;
+                bytes_written += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let (mut data, compression) = elf_file.section_data(&section_header)?;
+        if let Some(compression) = compression {
+            bail!("Cannot decompress elf content, but got compression header {compression:?}");
+        }
+
+        if bytes_written == 0 {
+            ensure!(
+                data.len() > GBA_HEADER_SIZE,
+                "first section must be at least as big as the gba header"
+            );
+
+            header.start_code = data[0..4].try_into().unwrap();
+
+            let header_bytes = header.produce_header();
+            output.write_all(&header_bytes)?;
+
+            data = &data[GBA_HEADER_SIZE..];
+            bytes_written += GBA_HEADER_SIZE as u64;
+        }
+
+        output.write_all(data)?;
+        bytes_written += data.len() as u64;
+    }
+
+    if include_debug {
+        bytes_written += write_debug(&elf_file, output)?;
+    }
+
+    if !bytes_written.is_power_of_two() && padding_behaviour == PaddingBehaviour::Pad {
+        let required_padding = bytes_written.next_power_of_two() - bytes_written;
+
+        for _ in 0..required_padding {
+            output.write_all(&[0])?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn write_debug<W: Write>(
+    elf_file: &elf::ElfBytes<'_, elf::endian::AnyEndian>,
+    output: &mut W,
+) -> Result<u64> {
+    let (Some(section_headers), Some(string_table)) = elf_file.section_headers_with_strtab()?
+    else {
+        bail!("Could not find either the section headers or the string table");
+    };
+
+    let mut debug_sections = HashMap::new();
+
+    for section_header in section_headers {
+        let section_name = string_table.get(section_header.sh_name as usize)?;
+        if !section_name.starts_with(".debug") {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let (data, compression) = elf_file.section_data(&section_header)?;
+        if compression.is_some() {
+            bail!("Do not support compression in elf files, section {section_name} was compressed");
+        }
+
+        debug_sections.insert(section_name.to_owned(), data);
+    }
+
+    let mut debug_data = vec![];
+    {
+        let mut compressed_writer = lz4_flex::frame::FrameEncoder::new(&mut debug_data);
+        rmp_serde::encode::write(&mut compressed_writer, &debug_sections)?;
+        compressed_writer.flush()?;
+    }
+
+    output.write_all(&debug_data)?;
+    output.write_all(&(debug_data.len() as u32).to_le_bytes())?;
+    output.write_all(b"agb1")?;
+
+    Ok(debug_data.len() as u64 + 4)
+}

agb-gbafix/src/main.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, ensure, Result};
+use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
 use clap::{arg, value_parser};
 
 use std::{
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ use std::{
     path::PathBuf,
 };
 
+use agb_gbafix::{write_gba_file, GbaHeader, PaddingBehaviour};
+
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let matches = clap::Command::new("agb-gbafix")
         .about("Convert elf files directly to a valid GBA ROM")
@@ -16,7 +18,8 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         .arg(arg!(-c --gamecode <GAME_CODE> "Sets the game code, 4 bytes"))
         .arg(arg!(-m --makercode <MAKER_CODE> "Set the maker code, 2 bytes"))
         .arg(arg!(-r --gameversion <VERSION> "Set the version of the game, 0-255").value_parser(value_parser!(u8)))
-        .arg(arg!(-p --padding "Ignored for compatibility with gbafix"))
+        .arg(arg!(-p --padding "Pad the ROM to the next power of 2 in size"))
+        .arg(arg!(-g --debug "Include debug information directly in the ROM"))
         .get_matches();
 
     let input = matches.get_one::<PathBuf>("INPUT").unwrap();
@@ -25,7 +28,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         None => input.with_extension("gba"),
     };
 
-    let mut header = gbafix::GBAHeader::default();
+    let mut header = GbaHeader::default();
 
     {
         let title = if let Some(title) = matches.get_one::<String>("title") {
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         };
 
         for (i, &c) in title.as_bytes().iter().enumerate().take(12) {
-            header.title[i] = c;
+            header.game_title[i] = c;
         }
     }
 
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     }
 
     if let Some(game_version) = matches.get_one::<u8>("gameversion") {
-        header.version = *game_version;
+        header.software_version = *game_version;
     }
 
     if let Some(game_code) = matches.get_one::<String>("gamecode") {
@@ -68,81 +71,27 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         }
     }
 
+    let include_debug = matches.get_flag("debug");
+
+    let pad = matches.get_flag("padding");
+    let pad = if pad {
+        PaddingBehaviour::Pad
+    } else {
+        PaddingBehaviour::DoNotPad
+    };
+
     let mut output = BufWriter::new(fs::File::create(output)?);
     let file_data = fs::read(input)?;
 
-    write_gba_file(file_data.as_slice(), header, &mut output)?;
+    write_gba_file(
+        file_data.as_slice(),
+        header,
+        pad,
+        include_debug,
+        &mut output,
+    )?;
 
     output.flush()?;
 
     Ok(())
 }
-
-fn write_gba_file<W: Write>(
-    input: &[u8],
-    mut header: gbafix::GBAHeader,
-    output: &mut W,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    let elf_file = elf::ElfBytes::<elf::endian::AnyEndian>::minimal_parse(input)?;
-
-    let section_headers = elf_file
-        .section_headers()
-        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Failed to parse as elf file"))?;
-
-    let mut bytes_written = 0;
-    for section_header in section_headers.iter() {
-        const SHT_NOBITS: u32 = 8;
-        const SHT_NULL: u32 = 0;
-        const SHF_ALLOC: u64 = 2;
-
-        if (section_header.sh_type == SHT_NOBITS || section_header.sh_type == SHT_NULL)
-            || section_header.sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC == 0
-        {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        let align = bytes_written % section_header.sh_addralign;
-        if align != 0 {
-            for _ in 0..(section_header.sh_addralign - align) {
-                output.write_all(&[0])?;
-                bytes_written += 1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        let (mut data, compression) = elf_file.section_data(&section_header)?;
-        if let Some(compression) = compression {
-            bail!("Cannot decompress elf content, but got compression header {compression:?}");
-        }
-
-        if bytes_written == 0 {
-            const GBA_HEADER_SIZE: usize = 192;
-
-            ensure!(
-                data.len() > GBA_HEADER_SIZE,
-                "first section must be at least as big as the gba header"
-            );
-
-            header.start_code = data[0..4].try_into().unwrap();
-            header.update_checksum();
-
-            let header_bytes = bytemuck::bytes_of(&header);
-            output.write_all(header_bytes)?;
-
-            data = &data[GBA_HEADER_SIZE..];
-            bytes_written += GBA_HEADER_SIZE as u64;
-        }
-
-        output.write_all(data)?;
-        bytes_written += data.len() as u64;
-    }
-
-    if !bytes_written.is_power_of_two() {
-        let required_padding = bytes_written.next_power_of_two() - bytes_written;
-
-        for _ in 0..required_padding {
-            output.write_all(&[0])?;
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}

agb-hashmap/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 [package]
 name = "agb_hashmap"
-version = "0.15.0"
+version = "0.21.1"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 description = "A simple no_std hashmap implementation intended for use in the `agb` library"
 repository = "https://github.com/agbrs/agb"
+exclude = ["/benches"]
+keywords = ["no-std", "data-structures"]
+
+[features]
+allocator_api = []
+serde = ["dep:serde"]
 
 [dependencies]
 rustc-hash = { version = "1", default-features = false }
+serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 rand = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["small_rng"] }
 lazy_static = "1.4"
-
-[profile.dev]
-opt-level = 3
-debug = true
-
-[profile.release]
-opt-level = 3
-lto = "fat"
-debug = true
-codegen-units = 1
+quickcheck = "1"
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }

agb-hashmap/src/hash_set.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+use crate::{Allocator, ClonableAllocator, Global};
+
+use core::{borrow::Borrow, fmt::Debug, hash::Hash};
+
+use super::HashMap;
+
+/// A `HashSet` is implemented as a [`HashMap`] where the value is `()`.
+///
+/// As with the [`HashMap`] type, a `HashSet` requires that the elements implement the
+/// [`Eq`] and [`Hash`] traits, although this is frequently achieved by using
+/// `#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]`. If you implement these yourself, it is important
+/// that the following property holds:
+///
+/// It is a logic error for the key to be modified in such a way that the key's hash, as
+/// determined by the [`Hash`] trait, or its equality as determined by the [`Eq`] trait,
+/// changes while it is in the map. The behaviour for such a logic error is not specified,
+/// but will not result in undefined behaviour. This could include panics, incorrect results,
+/// aborts, memory leaks and non-termination.
+///
+/// The API surface provided is incredibly similar to the
+/// [`std::collections::HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html)
+/// implementation with fewer guarantees, and better optimised for the `GameBoy Advance`.
+///
+/// [`Eq`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/cmp/trait.Eq.html
+/// [`Hash`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/hash/trait.Hash.html
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use agb_hashmap::HashSet;
+///
+/// // Type inference lets you omit the type signature (which would be HashSet<String> in this example)
+/// let mut games = HashSet::new();
+///
+/// // Add some games
+/// games.insert("Pokemon Emerald".to_string());
+/// games.insert("Golden Sun".to_string());
+/// games.insert("Super Dodge Ball Advance".to_string());
+///
+/// // Check for a specific game
+/// if !games.contains("Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap") {
+///     println!("We've got {} games, but The Minish Cap ain't one", games.len());
+/// }
+///
+/// // Remove a game
+/// games.remove("Golden Sun");
+///
+/// // Iterate over everything
+/// for game in &games {
+///     println!("{game}");
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR: Allocator = Global> {
+    map: HashMap<K, (), ALLOCATOR>,
+}
+
+impl<K> HashSet<K> {
+    /// Creates a `HashSet`
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::new_in(Global)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an empty `HashSet` with specified internal size. The size must be a power of 2
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_size(size: usize) -> Self {
+        Self::with_size_in(size, Global)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an empty `HashSet` which can hold at least `capacity` elements before resizing. The actual
+    /// internal size may be larger as it must be a power of 2
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Self {
+        Self::with_capacity_in(capacity, Global)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR> {
+    /// Creates an empty `HashSet` with specified internal size using the specified allocator.
+    /// The size must be a power of 2
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_size_in(size: usize, alloc: ALLOCATOR) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            map: HashMap::with_size_in(size, alloc),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `HashSet` with a specified allocator
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new_in(alloc: ALLOCATOR) -> Self {
+        Self::with_size_in(16, alloc)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an empty `HashSet` which can hold at least `capacity` elements before resizing. The actual
+    /// internal size may be larger as it must be a power of 2
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if capacity is larger than 2^32 * .85
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_capacity_in(capacity: usize, alloc: ALLOCATOR) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            map: HashMap::with_capacity_in(capacity, alloc),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a reference to the underlying allocator
+    pub fn allocator(&self) -> &ALLOCATOR {
+        self.map.allocator()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of elements in the set
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.map.len()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether or not the set is empty
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.map.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of elements the set can hold without resizing
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
+        self.map.capacity()
+    }
+
+    /// Removes all elements from the set
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.map.clear();
+    }
+
+    /// An iterator visiting all the values in the set
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'_ K> {
+        self.map.keys()
+    }
+
+    /// Retains only the elements specified by the predicate `f`
+    pub fn retain<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(&K) -> bool,
+    {
+        self.map.retain(|k, _| f(k));
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K> Default for HashSet<K> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR>
+where
+    K: Eq + Hash,
+{
+    /// Inserts a value into the set. This does not replace the value if it already existed.
+    ///
+    /// Returns whether the value was newly inserted, that is:
+    ///
+    /// * If the set did not previously contain this value, `true` is returned
+    /// * If the set already contained this value, `false` is returned.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use agb_hashmap::HashSet;
+    ///
+    /// let mut set = HashSet::new();
+    /// assert_eq!(set.insert(2), true);
+    /// assert_eq!(set.insert(2), false);
+    /// assert_eq!(set.len(), 1);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, value: K) -> bool {
+        self.map.insert(value, ()).is_none()
+    }
+
+    /// Removes a value from the set. Returns whether the value was present in the set.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    /// ```
+    /// use agb_hashmap::HashSet;
+    ///
+    /// let mut set = HashSet::new();
+    /// set.insert(2);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(set.remove(&2), true);
+    /// assert_eq!(set.remove(&2), false);
+    /// assert!(set.is_empty());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn remove<Q>(&mut self, value: &Q) -> bool
+    where
+        K: Borrow<Q>,
+        Q: Hash + Eq + ?Sized,
+    {
+        self.map.remove(value).is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the set contains the value `value`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use agb_hashmap::HashSet;
+    ///
+    /// let set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);
+    /// assert_eq!(set.contains(&1), true);
+    /// assert_eq!(set.contains(&4), false);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn contains<Q>(&self, value: &Q) -> bool
+    where
+        K: Borrow<Q>,
+        Q: Hash + Eq + ?Sized,
+    {
+        self.map.contains_key(value)
+    }
+
+    /// Visits the values reperesting the difference i.e. the values that are in `self` but not in `other`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use agb_hashmap::HashSet;
+    ///
+    /// let a = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);
+    /// let b = HashSet::from([4, 2, 3, 4]);
+    ///
+    /// // Can be seen as `a - b`
+    /// let diff: HashSet<_> = a.difference(&b).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(diff, HashSet::from([&1]));
+    ///
+    /// // Difference is not symmetric. `b - a` means something different
+    /// let diff: HashSet<_> = b.difference(&a).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(diff, HashSet::from([&4]));
+    /// ``````
+    pub fn difference<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        other: &'a HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR>,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a K> {
+        self.iter().filter(|k| !other.contains(k))
+    }
+
+    /// Visits the values which are in `self` or `other` but not both.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use agb_hashmap::HashSet;
+    ///
+    /// let a = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);
+    /// let b = HashSet::from([4, 2, 3, 4]);
+    ///
+    /// let diff1: HashSet<_> = a.symmetric_difference(&b).collect();
+    /// let diff2: HashSet<_> = b.symmetric_difference(&a).collect();
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(diff1, diff2);
+    /// assert_eq!(diff1, HashSet::from([&1, &4]));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn symmetric_difference<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        other: &'a HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR>,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a K> {
+        self.iter()
+            .filter(|k| !other.contains(k))
+            .chain(other.iter().filter(|k| !self.contains(k)))
+    }
+
+    /// Visits the values in the intersection of `self` and `other`.
+    ///
+    /// When an equal element is present in `self` and `other`, then the resulting intersection may
+    /// yield references to one or the other. This can be relevant if `K` contains fields which are not
+    /// covered by the `Eq` implementation.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use agb_hashmap::HashSet;
+    ///
+    /// let a = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);
+    /// let b = HashSet::from([4, 2, 3, 4]);
+    ///
+    /// let intersection: HashSet<_> = a.intersection(&b).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(intersection, HashSet::from([&2, &3]));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn intersection<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        other: &'a HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR>,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a K> {
+        let (smaller, larger) = if self.len() < other.len() {
+            (self, other)
+        } else {
+            (other, self)
+        };
+
+        smaller.iter().filter(|k| larger.contains(k))
+    }
+
+    /// Visits the values in self and other without duplicates.
+    ///
+    /// When an equal element is present in `self` and `other`, then the resulting union may
+    /// yield references to one or the other. This can be relevant if `K` contains fields which are not
+    /// covered by the `Eq` implementation.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use agb_hashmap::HashSet;
+    ///
+    /// let a = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);
+    /// let b = HashSet::from([4, 2, 3, 4]);
+    ///
+    /// let union: Vec<_> = a.union(&b).collect();
+    /// assert_eq!(union.len(), 4);
+    /// assert_eq!(HashSet::from_iter(union), HashSet::from([&1, &2, &3, &4]));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn union<'a>(&'a self, other: &'a HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR>) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a K> {
+        let (smaller, larger) = if self.len() < other.len() {
+            (self, other)
+        } else {
+            (other, self)
+        };
+
+        larger.iter().chain(smaller.difference(self))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> IntoIterator for HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR> {
+    type Item = K;
+    type IntoIter = IterOwned<K, ALLOCATOR>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        IterOwned {
+            map_iter: self.map.into_iter(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An iterator over the entries of a [`HashSet`].
+///
+/// This struct is created using the `into_iter()` method on [`HashSet`] as part of its implementation
+/// of the `IntoIterator` trait.
+pub struct IterOwned<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> {
+    map_iter: super::IterOwned<K, (), ALLOCATOR>,
+}
+
+impl<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> Iterator for IterOwned<K, ALLOCATOR> {
+    type Item = K;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        self.map_iter.next().map(|(k, _)| k)
+    }
+
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        self.map_iter.size_hint()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> ExactSizeIterator for IterOwned<K, ALLOCATOR> {}
+
+impl<'a, K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> IntoIterator for &'a HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR> {
+    type Item = &'a K;
+    type IntoIter = Iter<'a, K, ALLOCATOR>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        Iter {
+            map_iter: (&self.map).into_iter(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Iter<'a, K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> {
+    map_iter: super::Iter<'a, K, (), ALLOCATOR>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> Iterator for Iter<'a, K, ALLOCATOR> {
+    type Item = &'a K;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        self.map_iter.next().map(|(k, _)| k)
+    }
+
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        self.map_iter.size_hint()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> ExactSizeIterator for Iter<'_, K, ALLOCATOR> {}
+
+impl<K> FromIterator<K> for HashSet<K>
+where
+    K: Eq + Hash,
+{
+    fn from_iter<T: IntoIterator<Item = K>>(iter: T) -> Self {
+        let mut set = HashSet::new();
+        set.extend(iter);
+        set
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K> Extend<K> for HashSet<K>
+where
+    K: Eq + Hash,
+{
+    fn extend<T: IntoIterator<Item = K>>(&mut self, iter: T) {
+        for k in iter {
+            self.insert(k);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> PartialEq for HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR>
+where
+    K: Eq + Hash,
+{
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.map == other.map
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> Eq for HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR> where K: Eq + Hash {}
+
+impl<K, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> Debug for HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR>
+where
+    K: Debug,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_set().entries(self.iter()).finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K, const N: usize> From<[K; N]> for HashSet<K>
+where
+    K: Eq + Hash,
+{
+    fn from(value: [K; N]) -> Self {
+        HashSet::from_iter(value)
+    }
+}

agb-hashmap/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! A lot of the documentation for this module was copied straight out of the rust
 //! standard library. The implementation however is not.
 #![no_std]
-#![feature(allocator_api)]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "allocator_api", feature(allocator_api))]
 #![deny(clippy::all)]
 #![deny(clippy::must_use_candidate)]
 #![deny(missing_docs)]
@@ -26,25 +26,46 @@
 
 extern crate alloc;
 
-use alloc::{alloc::Global, vec::Vec};
+pub(crate) use allocate::{Allocator, Global};
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "allocator_api"))]
+mod allocate {
+    pub trait Allocator {}
+
+    #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+    pub struct Global;
+
+    impl Allocator for Global {}
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "allocator_api")]
+mod allocate {
+    pub(crate) use alloc::alloc::Global;
+    pub(crate) use core::alloc::Allocator;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+mod serde;
+
 use core::{
-    alloc::Allocator,
     borrow::Borrow,
     fmt::Debug,
-    hash::{BuildHasher, BuildHasherDefault, Hash, Hasher},
-    iter::FromIterator,
+    hash::{BuildHasher, BuildHasherDefault, Hash},
     num::Wrapping,
     ops::Index,
 };
 
 use rustc_hash::FxHasher;
 
+mod hash_set;
 mod node;
 mod node_storage;
 
 use node::Node;
 use node_storage::NodeStorage;
 
+pub use hash_set::HashSet;
+
 // # Robin Hood Hash Tables
 //
 // The problem with regular hash tables where failing to find a slot for a specific
@@ -175,12 +196,6 @@ impl<K, V> HashMap<K, V> {
     pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Self {
         Self::with_capacity_in(capacity, Global)
     }
-
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn distance_histogram(&self) -> (Vec<usize>, usize) {
-        self.nodes.distance_histogram()
-    }
 }
 
 impl<K, V, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> HashMap<K, V, ALLOCATOR> {
@@ -338,23 +353,12 @@ where
         }
     }
 
-    fn insert_and_get(&mut self, key: K, value: V) -> &'_ mut V {
-        let hash = self.hash(&key);
-
-        let location = if let Some(location) = self.nodes.location(&key, hash) {
-            // SAFETY: location is valid due to the above
-            unsafe {
-                self.nodes
-                    .replace_at_location_unchecked(location, key, value);
-            }
-            location
-        } else {
+    unsafe fn insert_new_and_get(&mut self, key: K, value: V, hash: HashType) -> &'_ mut V {
         if self.nodes.capacity() <= self.len() {
             self.resize(self.nodes.backing_vec_size() * 2);
         }
 
-            self.nodes.insert_new(key, value, hash)
-        };
+        let location = self.nodes.insert_new(key, value, hash);
 
         // SAFETY: location is always valid
         unsafe {
@@ -481,9 +485,7 @@ where
         K: Borrow<Q>,
         Q: Hash + ?Sized,
     {
-        let mut hasher = self.hasher.build_hasher();
-        key.hash(&mut hasher);
-        let result = hasher.finish();
+        let result = self.hasher.hash_one(key);
 
         // we want to allow truncation here since we're reducing 64 bits to 32
         #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
@@ -529,6 +531,8 @@ impl<'a, K, V, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> Iterator for Iter<'a, K, V, ALLOCAT
     }
 }
 
+impl<K, V, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> ExactSizeIterator for Iter<'_, K, V, ALLOCATOR> {}
+
 impl<'a, K, V, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> IntoIterator for &'a HashMap<K, V, ALLOCATOR> {
     type Item = (&'a K, &'a V);
     type IntoIter = Iter<'a, K, V, ALLOCATOR>;
@@ -579,6 +583,8 @@ impl<K, V, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> Iterator for IterOwned<K, V, ALLOCATOR>
     }
 }
 
+impl<K, V, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> ExactSizeIterator for IterOwned<K, V, ALLOCATOR> {}
+
 /// An iterator over entries of a [`HashMap`]
 ///
 /// This struct is created using the `into_iter()` method on [`HashMap`] as part of its implementation
@@ -597,9 +603,10 @@ impl<K, V, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> IntoIterator for HashMap<K, V, ALLOCATO
 }
 
 mod entries {
-    use core::{alloc::Allocator, hash::Hash};
+    use crate::allocate::Allocator;
+    use core::hash::Hash;
 
-    use super::{ClonableAllocator, HashMap};
+    use super::{ClonableAllocator, HashMap, HashType};
 
     /// A view into an occupied entry in a `HashMap`. This is part of the [`crate::Entry`] enum.
     pub struct OccupiedEntry<'a, K: 'a, V: 'a, ALLOCATOR: Allocator> {
@@ -695,11 +702,16 @@ mod entries {
     pub struct VacantEntry<'a, K: 'a, V: 'a, ALLOCATOR: Allocator> {
         key: K,
         map: &'a mut HashMap<K, V, ALLOCATOR>,
+        hash: HashType,
     }
 
     impl<'a, K: 'a, V: 'a, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> VacantEntry<'a, K, V, ALLOCATOR> {
-        pub(crate) fn new(key: K, map: &'a mut HashMap<K, V, ALLOCATOR>) -> Self {
-            Self { key, map }
+        pub(crate) unsafe fn new(
+            key: K,
+            hash: HashType,
+            map: &'a mut HashMap<K, V, ALLOCATOR>,
+        ) -> Self {
+            Self { key, map, hash }
         }
 
         /// Gets a reference to the key that would be used when inserting a value through `VacantEntry`
@@ -717,7 +729,8 @@ mod entries {
         where
             K: Hash + Eq,
         {
-            self.map.insert_and_get(self.key, value)
+            // SAFETY: by construction, this doesn't already exist in the hashmap and we were given the hash and key
+            unsafe { self.map.insert_new_and_get(self.key, value, self.hash) }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -832,7 +845,10 @@ where
                 unsafe { OccupiedEntry::new(key, self, location) },
             )
         } else {
-            Entry::Vacant(VacantEntry::new(key, self))
+            Entry::Vacant(
+                // SAFETY: item doesn't exist yet and the hash is correct here
+                unsafe { VacantEntry::new(key, hash, self) },
+            )
         }
     }
 }
@@ -951,7 +967,7 @@ impl core::ops::Add<i32> for HashType {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use core::cell::RefCell;
+    use core::{cell::RefCell, hash::Hasher};
 
     use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
@@ -1447,4 +1463,19 @@ mod test {
             assert_eq!(format!("{empty:?}"), "{}");
         }
     }
+
+    #[cfg(not(miri))]
+    quickcheck::quickcheck! {
+        fn test_against_btree_map(entries: Vec<(u8, u32)>) -> bool {
+            let std_hashmap = alloc::collections::BTreeMap::from_iter(entries.clone());
+            let agb_hashmap = HashMap::from_iter(entries);
+
+            if std_hashmap.len() != agb_hashmap.len() {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            std_hashmap.iter().all(|(key, value)| agb_hashmap.get(key) == Some(value)) &&
+            agb_hashmap.iter().all(|(key, value)| std_hashmap.get(key) == Some(value))
+        }
+    }
 }

agb-hashmap/src/node_storage.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-use core::{alloc::Allocator, borrow::Borrow, mem};
-
-use alloc::{alloc::Global, vec::Vec};
+use core::{borrow::Borrow, mem};
 
+use crate::allocate::{Allocator, Global};
 use crate::{node::Node, number_before_resize, ClonableAllocator, HashType};
 
+mod vec;
+use vec::MyVec;
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct NodeStorage<K, V, ALLOCATOR: Allocator = Global> {
-    nodes: Vec<Node<K, V>, ALLOCATOR>,
+    nodes: MyVec<Node<K, V>, ALLOCATOR>,
     max_distance_to_initial_bucket: i32,
 
     number_of_items: usize,
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ impl<K, V, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> NodeStorage<K, V, ALLOCATOR> {
     pub(crate) fn with_size_in(capacity: usize, alloc: ALLOCATOR) -> Self {
         assert!(capacity.is_power_of_two(), "Capacity must be a power of 2");
 
-        let mut nodes = Vec::with_capacity_in(capacity, alloc);
+        let mut nodes = MyVec::with_capacity_in(capacity, alloc);
         for _ in 0..capacity {
             nodes.push(Node::new());
         }
@@ -202,22 +204,6 @@ impl<K, V, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> NodeStorage<K, V, ALLOCATOR> {
         self.nodes.get_unchecked_mut(at)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn distance_histogram(&self) -> (Vec<usize>, usize) {
-        let mut ret = Vec::new();
-
-        for node in self.nodes.iter() {
-            let distance = node.distance();
-
-            if distance >= 0 {
-                let distance = distance as usize;
-                ret.resize(ret.len().max(distance + 1), 0);
-                ret[distance] += 1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        (ret, self.max_distance_to_initial_bucket as usize)
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn clear(&mut self) {
         self.max_distance_to_initial_bucket = 0;
         self.number_of_items = 0;

agb-hashmap/src/node_storage/vec.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+use crate::{Allocator, Global};
+
+pub(crate) use inner::MyVec;
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "allocator_api"))]
+mod inner {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[derive(Clone)]
+    pub(crate) struct MyVec<T, A: Allocator = Global>(Vec<T>, A);
+
+    impl<T, A: Allocator> MyVec<T, A> {
+        pub(crate) fn with_capacity_in(capacity: usize, allocator: A) -> Self {
+            Self(Vec::with_capacity(capacity), allocator)
+        }
+
+        pub(crate) fn allocator(&self) -> &A {
+            &self.1
+        }
+    }
+    impl<T, A: Allocator> Deref for MyVec<T, A> {
+        type Target = Vec<T>;
+
+        fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+            &self.0
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T, A: Allocator> DerefMut for MyVec<T, A> {
+        fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+            &mut self.0
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "allocator_api")]
+mod inner {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[derive(Clone)]
+    pub(crate) struct MyVec<T, A: Allocator = Global>(Vec<T, A>);
+
+    impl<T, A: Allocator> MyVec<T, A> {
+        pub(crate) fn with_capacity_in(capacity: usize, allocator: A) -> Self {
+            Self(Vec::with_capacity_in(capacity, allocator))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T, A: Allocator> Deref for MyVec<T, A> {
+        type Target = Vec<T, A>;
+
+        fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+            &self.0
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T, A: Allocator> DerefMut for MyVec<T, A> {
+        fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+            &mut self.0
+        }
+    }
+}

agb-hashmap/src/serde.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+use core::{hash::Hash, marker::PhantomData};
+use serde::{
+    de::{MapAccess, SeqAccess, Visitor},
+    ser::SerializeMap,
+    Deserialize, Serialize,
+};
+
+use crate::{ClonableAllocator, HashMap, HashSet};
+
+mod hashmap {
+    use super::*;
+
+    impl<K: Serialize, V: Serialize, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> Serialize
+        for HashMap<K, V, ALLOCATOR>
+    {
+        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+        where
+            S: serde::Serializer,
+        {
+            let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(self.len()))?;
+
+            for (key, value) in self {
+                map.serialize_entry(key, value)?;
+            }
+
+            map.end()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<'de, K, V> Deserialize<'de> for HashMap<K, V>
+    where
+        K: Deserialize<'de> + Hash + Eq,
+        V: Deserialize<'de>,
+    {
+        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+        where
+            D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+        {
+            deserializer.deserialize_map(HashMapVisitor::new())
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct HashMapVisitor<K, V> {
+        _marker: PhantomData<fn() -> HashMap<K, V>>,
+    }
+
+    impl<K, V> HashMapVisitor<K, V> {
+        fn new() -> Self {
+            Self {
+                _marker: PhantomData,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<'de, K, V> Visitor<'de> for HashMapVisitor<K, V>
+    where
+        K: Deserialize<'de> + Hash + Eq,
+        V: Deserialize<'de>,
+    {
+        type Value = HashMap<K, V>;
+
+        fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut alloc::fmt::Formatter) -> alloc::fmt::Result {
+            formatter.write_str("an agb::HashMap")
+        }
+
+        fn visit_map<M>(self, mut access: M) -> Result<Self::Value, M::Error>
+        where
+            M: MapAccess<'de>,
+        {
+            let mut map = HashMap::with_capacity(access.size_hint().unwrap_or(8));
+
+            while let Some((key, value)) = access.next_entry()? {
+                map.insert(key, value);
+            }
+
+            Ok(map)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+mod hashset {
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    impl<K: Serialize, ALLOCATOR: ClonableAllocator> Serialize for HashSet<K, ALLOCATOR> {
+        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+        where
+            S: serde::Serializer,
+        {
+            serializer.collect_seq(self)
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct HashSetVisitor<K> {
+        _marker: PhantomData<fn() -> HashSet<K>>,
+    }
+
+    impl<K> HashSetVisitor<K> {
+        fn new() -> Self {
+            Self {
+                _marker: PhantomData,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<'de, K> Visitor<'de> for HashSetVisitor<K>
+    where
+        K: Deserialize<'de> + Hash + Eq,
+    {
+        type Value = HashSet<K>;
+
+        fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut alloc::fmt::Formatter) -> alloc::fmt::Result {
+            formatter.write_str("an agb::HashSet")
+        }
+
+        fn visit_seq<A>(self, mut access: A) -> Result<Self::Value, A::Error>
+        where
+            A: SeqAccess<'de>,
+        {
+            let mut set = HashSet::with_capacity(access.size_hint().unwrap_or(8));
+
+            while let Some(value) = access.next_element()? {
+                set.insert(value);
+            }
+
+            Ok(set)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<'de, K> Deserialize<'de> for HashSet<K>
+    where
+        K: Deserialize<'de> + Hash + Eq,
+    {
+        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+        where
+            D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+        {
+            deserializer.deserialize_seq(HashSetVisitor::new())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use alloc::{
+        string::{String, ToString},
+        vec::Vec,
+    };
+
+    use crate::{HashMap, HashSet};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_map() {
+        let json = r#"
+            {
+                "three": 3,
+                "seven": 7
+            }
+        "#;
+
+        let map = serde_json::from_str::<HashMap<String, i32>>(json).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            map,
+            HashMap::from_iter([("three".to_string(), 3), ("seven".to_string(), 7)])
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn serialize_map() {
+        let map = HashMap::from_iter([("three".to_string(), 3), ("seven".to_string(), 7)]);
+
+        let json = serde_json::to_string(&map).unwrap();
+
+        let possibilities = &[r#"{"three":3,"seven":7}"#, r#"{"seven":7,"three":3}"#];
+
+        assert!(possibilities.contains(&json.as_str()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_hashset() {
+        let json = "[1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 3, 4]";
+        let set = serde_json::from_str::<HashSet<i32>>(json).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(set, HashSet::from_iter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn serialize_hashset() {
+        let set = HashSet::from_iter([1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10]);
+        let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&set).unwrap();
+
+        let mut deserialized = serde_json::from_str::<Vec<i32>>(&serialized).unwrap();
+        deserialized.sort();
+
+        assert_eq!(deserialized, &[1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10]);
+    }
+}

agb-image-converter/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "agb_image_converter"
-version = "0.15.0"
-authors = ["Gwilym Kuiper <gw@ilym.me>"]
+version = "0.21.1"
+authors = ["Gwilym Inzani <gw@ilym.me>"]
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 description = "Library for converting graphics for use on the Game Boy Advance"
@@ -11,19 +11,16 @@ repository = "https://github.com/agbrs/agb"
 proc-macro = true
 
 [dependencies]
-image = { version = "0.23", default-features = false, features = [ "png", "bmp" ] }
+image = { version = "0.24", default-features = false, features = [
+    "png",
+    "bmp",
+] }
 syn = { version = "2", features = ["proc-macro", "parsing"] }
 proc-macro2 = "1"
 quote = "1"
-asefile = "0.3.5"
-fontdue = "0.7"
+asefile = "0.3.8"
+fontdue = "0.9"
+pagination-packing = "2.1.0"
 
-[profile.dev]
-opt-level = 3
-debug = true
-
-[profile.release]
-opt-level = 3
-lto = "fat"
-debug = true
-codegen-units = 1
+[dev-dependencies]
+quickcheck = "1"

agb-image-converter/src/colour.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::{fmt, str::FromStr};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct Colour {
     pub r: u8,
     pub g: u8,
@@ -8,6 +8,18 @@ pub struct Colour {
     pub a: u8,
 }
 
+impl fmt::Debug for Colour {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "#{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}", self.r, self.g, self.b)?;
+
+        if self.a != 0xff {
+            write!(f, "{:02x}", self.a)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 impl Colour {
     pub fn from_rgb(r: u8, g: u8, b: u8, a: u8) -> Self {
         Colour { r, g, b, a }
@@ -38,3 +50,26 @@ impl FromStr for Colour {
         Ok(Colour::from_rgb(r, g, b, 255))
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+impl quickcheck::Arbitrary for Colour {
+    fn arbitrary(g: &mut quickcheck::Gen) -> Self {
+        Self::from_rgb(
+            quickcheck::Arbitrary::arbitrary(g),
+            quickcheck::Arbitrary::arbitrary(g),
+            quickcheck::Arbitrary::arbitrary(g),
+            quickcheck::Arbitrary::arbitrary(g),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn shrink(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Self>> {
+        Box::new(
+            vec![
+                Colour::from_rgb(0, 0, 0, 0),
+                Colour::from_rgb(self.r, self.g, self.b, 0),
+                *self,
+            ]
+            .into_iter(),
+        )
+    }
+}

agb-image-converter/src/config.rs

@@ -11,4 +11,5 @@ pub(crate) trait Config {
 pub(crate) trait Image {
     fn filename(&self) -> String;
     fn colours(&self) -> Colours;
+    fn deduplicate(&self) -> bool;
 }

agb-image-converter/src/deduplicator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use crate::{colour::Colour, image_loader::Image};
+
+pub struct Transformation {
+    pub vflip: bool,
+    pub hflip: bool,
+}
+
+impl Transformation {
+    pub fn none() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vflip: false,
+            hflip: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn vflipped() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vflip: true,
+            hflip: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn hflipped() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vflip: false,
+            hflip: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn vhflipped() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vflip: true,
+            hflip: true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DeduplicatedData {
+    pub new_index: usize,
+    pub transformation: Transformation,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+struct Tile {
+    data: [Colour; 64],
+}
+
+impl Tile {
+    fn split_image(input: &Image) -> Vec<Self> {
+        let mut ret = vec![];
+
+        for y in 0..(input.height / 8) {
+            for x in 0..(input.width / 8) {
+                let mut tile_data = Vec::with_capacity(64);
+
+                for j in 0..8 {
+                    for i in 0..8 {
+                        tile_data.push(input.colour(x * 8 + i, y * 8 + j));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                ret.push(Tile {
+                    data: tile_data.try_into().unwrap(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        ret
+    }
+
+    fn vflipped(&self) -> Self {
+        let mut new_data = self.data;
+        for y in 0..4 {
+            for x in 0..8 {
+                new_data.swap(y * 8 + x, (7 - y) * 8 + x);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Self { data: new_data }
+    }
+
+    fn hflipped(&self) -> Self {
+        let mut new_data = self.data;
+
+        for y in 0..8 {
+            for x in 0..4 {
+                new_data.swap(y * 8 + x, y * 8 + (7 - x));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Self { data: new_data }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn deduplicate_image(input: &Image, can_flip: bool) -> (Image, Vec<DeduplicatedData>) {
+    let mut resulting_tiles = vec![];
+    let mut deduplication_data = vec![];
+
+    let all_tiles = Tile::split_image(input);
+    let mut existing_tiles = BTreeMap::new();
+
+    for tile in all_tiles {
+        let (tile, transformation) = if can_flip {
+            let vflipped = tile.vflipped();
+            let hflipped = tile.hflipped();
+            let vhflipped = vflipped.hflipped();
+
+            let minimum = (&tile).min(&vflipped).min(&hflipped).min(&vhflipped);
+
+            if minimum == &tile {
+                (tile, Transformation::none())
+            } else if minimum == &vflipped {
+                (vflipped, Transformation::vflipped())
+            } else if minimum == &hflipped {
+                (hflipped, Transformation::hflipped())
+            } else {
+                (vhflipped, Transformation::vhflipped())
+            }
+        } else {
+            (tile, Transformation::none())
+        };
+
+        let index = *existing_tiles.entry(tile.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
+            resulting_tiles.push(tile);
+            resulting_tiles.len() - 1
+        });
+
+        deduplication_data.push(DeduplicatedData {
+            new_index: index,
+            transformation,
+        });
+    }
+
+    let image_data = resulting_tiles
+        .iter()
+        .flat_map(|tile| tile.data)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    (Image::from_colour_data(image_data), deduplication_data)
+}

agb-image-converter/src/font_loader.rs

@@ -3,21 +3,28 @@ use quote::quote;
 
 use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
 
+struct KerningData {
+    previous_character: char,
+    amount: f32,
+}
+
 struct LetterData {
+    character: char,
     width: usize,
     height: usize,
     xmin: i32,
     ymin: i32,
     advance_width: f32,
     rendered: Vec<u8>,
+    kerning_data: Vec<KerningData>,
 }
 
 pub fn load_font(font_data: &[u8], pixels_per_em: f32) -> TokenStream {
     let font = fontdue::Font::from_bytes(
         font_data,
         fontdue::FontSettings {
-            collection_index: 0,
             scale: pixels_per_em,
+            ..Default::default()
         },
     )
     .expect("Invalid font data");
@@ -25,11 +32,13 @@ pub fn load_font(font_data: &[u8], pixels_per_em: f32) -> TokenStream {
     let line_metrics = font.horizontal_line_metrics(pixels_per_em).unwrap();
 
     let line_height = line_metrics.new_line_size as i32;
-    let ascent = line_metrics.ascent as i32;
+    let mut ascent = line_metrics.ascent as i32;
 
-    let font = (0..128)
-        .map(|i| font.rasterize(char::from_u32(i).unwrap(), pixels_per_em))
-        .map(|(metrics, bitmap)| {
+    let mut letters: Vec<_> = font
+        .chars()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(&c, &index)| (c, index, font.rasterize(c, pixels_per_em)))
+        .map(|(c, index, (metrics, bitmap))| {
             let width = metrics.width;
             let height = metrics.height;
 
@@ -47,31 +56,78 @@ pub fn load_font(font_data: &[u8], pixels_per_em: f32) -> TokenStream {
                 })
                 .collect();
 
+            let mut kerning_data: Vec<_> = font
+                .chars()
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|(&left_char, &left_index)| {
+                    let kerning = font.horizontal_kern_indexed(
+                        left_index.into(),
+                        index.into(),
+                        pixels_per_em,
+                    )?;
+
+                    Some(KerningData {
+                        previous_character: left_char,
+                        amount: kerning,
+                    })
+                })
+                .collect();
+
+            kerning_data.sort_unstable_by_key(|kd| kd.previous_character);
+
             LetterData {
+                character: c,
                 width,
                 height,
                 rendered,
                 xmin: metrics.xmin,
                 ymin: metrics.ymin,
                 advance_width: metrics.advance_width,
+                kerning_data,
             }
         })
-        .map(|letter_data| {
+        .collect();
+
+    letters.sort_unstable_by_key(|letter| letter.character);
+
+    let maximum_above_line = letters
+        .iter()
+        .map(|x| (x.height as i32 + x.ymin))
+        .max()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    if (ascent - maximum_above_line) < 0 {
+        ascent = maximum_above_line;
+    }
+
+    let font = letters.iter().map(|letter_data| {
+        let character = letter_data.character;
         let data_raw = ByteString(&letter_data.rendered);
         let height = letter_data.height as u8;
         let width = letter_data.width as u8;
         let xmin = letter_data.xmin as i8;
         let ymin = letter_data.ymin as i8;
         let advance_width = letter_data.advance_width.ceil() as u8;
+        let kerning_amounts = letter_data.kerning_data.iter().map(|kerning_data| {
+            let amount = kerning_data.amount as i8;
+            let c = kerning_data.previous_character;
+            quote! {
+                (#c, #amount)
+            }
+        });
 
         quote!(
             display::FontLetter::new(
+                #character,
                 #width,
                 #height,
                 #data_raw,
                 #xmin,
                 #ymin,
                 #advance_width,
+                &[
+                    #(#kerning_amounts),*
+                ]
             )
         )
     });

agb-image-converter/src/image_loader.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use image::{DynamicImage, GenericImageView};
 
 use crate::colour::Colour;
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct Image {
     pub width: usize,
     pub height: usize,
@@ -42,6 +43,14 @@ impl Image {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn from_colour_data(colour_data: Vec<Colour>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            height: colour_data.len() / 8,
+            colour_data,
+            width: 8,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn colour(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Colour {
         self.colour_data[x + y * self.width]
     }

agb-image-converter/src/lib.rs

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ use quote::{format_ident, quote, ToTokens};
 mod aseprite;
 mod colour;
 mod config;
+mod deduplicator;
 mod font_loader;
 mod image_loader;
 mod palette16;
 mod palette256;
 mod rust_generator;
 
-use image::GenericImageView;
 use image_loader::Image;
 
 use colour::Colour;
@@ -36,16 +36,23 @@ struct BackgroundGfxOption {
     module_name: String,
     file_name: String,
     colours: Colours,
+    deduplicate: bool,
 }
 
 impl config::Image for BackgroundGfxOption {
     fn filename(&self) -> String {
-        self.file_name.clone()
+        self.file_name
+            .clone()
+            .replace(OUT_DIR_TOKEN, &get_out_dir(&self.file_name))
     }
 
     fn colours(&self) -> Colours {
         self.colours
     }
+
+    fn deduplicate(&self) -> bool {
+        self.deduplicate
+    }
 }
 
 impl Parse for BackgroundGfxOption {
@@ -72,18 +79,37 @@ impl Parse for BackgroundGfxOption {
             Colours::Colours16
         };
 
+        let lookahead = input.lookahead1();
+
+        let deduplicate = if lookahead.peek(syn::Ident) {
+            let deduplicate: syn::Ident = input.parse()?;
+
+            if deduplicate == "deduplicate" {
+                true
+            } else {
+                return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
+                    deduplicate,
+                    "Must either be the literal deduplicate or missing",
+                ));
+            }
+        } else {
+            false
+        };
+
         let file_name: syn::LitStr = input.parse()?;
 
         Ok(Self {
             module_name: module_name.to_string(),
             file_name: file_name.value(),
             colours,
+            deduplicate,
         })
     }
 }
 
 struct IncludeBackgroundGfxInput {
     module_name: syn::Ident,
+    as_pub: bool,
     crate_prefix: String,
     transparent_colour: Colour,
     background_gfx_options: Vec<BackgroundGfxOption>,
@@ -101,6 +127,15 @@ impl Parse for IncludeBackgroundGfxInput {
             format_ident!("agb")
         };
 
+        let lookahead = input.lookahead1();
+
+        let as_pub = if lookahead.peek(Token![pub]) {
+            let _: Token![pub] = input.parse()?;
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        };
+
         let module_name: syn::Ident = input.parse()?;
         let _: Token![,] = input.parse()?;
 
@@ -121,6 +156,7 @@ impl Parse for IncludeBackgroundGfxInput {
 
         Ok(Self {
             module_name,
+            as_pub,
             crate_prefix: crate_prefix.to_string(),
             transparent_colour,
             background_gfx_options: background_gfx_options.into_iter().collect(),
@@ -145,6 +181,15 @@ impl config::Config for IncludeBackgroundGfxInput {
     }
 }
 
+/// Including from the out directory is supported through the `$OUT_DIR` token.
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// # #![no_std]
+/// # #![no_main]
+/// # use agb::include_background_gfx;
+/// include_background_gfx!(generated_background, "000000", DATA => "$OUT_DIR/generated_background.aseprite");
+/// ```
+///
 #[proc_macro]
 pub fn include_background_gfx(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     let config = Box::new(parse_macro_input!(input as IncludeBackgroundGfxInput));
@@ -152,11 +197,13 @@ pub fn include_background_gfx(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     let root = std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").expect("Failed to get cargo manifest dir");
 
     let module_name = config.module_name.clone();
-    include_background_gfx_from_config(config, module_name, Path::new(&root))
+    let as_pub = config.as_pub;
+    include_gfx_from_config(config, as_pub, module_name, Path::new(&root))
 }
 
-fn include_background_gfx_from_config(
+fn include_gfx_from_config(
     config: Box<dyn config::Config>,
+    as_pub: bool,
     module_name: syn::Ident,
     parent: &Path,
 ) -> TokenStream {
@@ -183,6 +230,7 @@ fn include_background_gfx_from_config(
                     &mut optimiser,
                     &image,
                     tile_size,
+                    tile_size,
                     config.transparent_colour(),
                 );
 
@@ -196,7 +244,9 @@ fn include_background_gfx_from_config(
         }
     }
 
-    let optimisation_results = optimiser.optimise_palettes();
+    let optimisation_results = optimiser
+        .optimise_palettes()
+        .expect("Failed to optimised palettes");
     let optimisation_results = palette256.extend_results(&optimisation_results);
 
     let mut image_code = vec![];
@@ -220,12 +270,22 @@ fn include_background_gfx_from_config(
     let palette_code =
         rust_generator::generate_palette_code(&optimisation_results, &config.crate_prefix());
 
-    let module = quote! {
+    let module = if as_pub {
+        quote! {
+            pub mod #module_name {
+                #palette_code
+
+                #(#image_code)*
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        quote! {
             mod #module_name {
                 #palette_code
 
                 #(#image_code)*
             }
+        }
     };
 
     TokenStream::from(module)
@@ -268,6 +328,8 @@ pub fn include_colours_inner(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 
 #[proc_macro]
 pub fn include_aseprite_inner(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let out_dir_path = get_out_dir(&input.to_string());
+
     let parser = Punctuated::<LitStr, syn::Token![,]>::parse_terminated;
     let parsed = match parser.parse(input) {
         Ok(e) => e,
@@ -285,6 +347,7 @@ pub fn include_aseprite_inner(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     let filenames: Vec<PathBuf> = parsed
         .iter()
         .map(|s| s.value())
+        .map(|s| s.replace(OUT_DIR_TOKEN, &out_dir_path))
         .map(|s| Path::new(&root).join(&*s))
         .collect();
 
@@ -305,12 +368,20 @@ pub fn include_aseprite_inner(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
             );
 
             let image = Image::load_from_dyn_image(frame);
-            add_to_optimiser(&mut optimiser, &image, 8, Some(transparent_colour));
+            add_to_optimiser(
+                &mut optimiser,
+                &image,
+                width as usize,
+                height as usize,
+                Some(transparent_colour),
+            );
             images.push(image);
         }
     }
 
-    let optimised_results = optimiser.optimise_palettes();
+    let optimised_results = optimiser
+        .optimise_palettes()
+        .expect("Failed to optimise palettes");
 
     let (palette_data, tile_data, assignments) = palette_tile_data(&optimised_results, &images);
 
@@ -370,15 +441,15 @@ pub fn include_aseprite_inner(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
         #(#include_paths)*
 
 
-        const PALETTES: &[Palette16] = &[
+        static PALETTES: &[Palette16] = &[
             #(#palette_data),*
         ];
 
-        pub const SPRITES: &[Sprite] = &[
+        static SPRITES: &[Sprite] = &[
             #(#sprites),*
         ];
 
-        const TAGS: &TagMap = &TagMap::new(
+        static TAGS: TagMap = TagMap::new(
             &[
                 #(#tags),*
             ]
@@ -399,6 +470,7 @@ fn convert_image(
 ) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
     let image_filename = &parent.join(settings.filename());
     let image = Image::load_from_file(image_filename);
+    let deduplicate = settings.deduplicate();
 
     rust_generator::generate_code(
         variable_name,
@@ -407,25 +479,27 @@ fn convert_image(
         &image_filename.to_string_lossy(),
         crate_prefix.to_owned(),
         assignment_offset,
+        deduplicate,
     )
 }
 
 fn add_to_optimiser(
     palette_optimiser: &mut palette16::Palette16Optimiser,
     image: &Image,
-    tile_size: usize,
+    tile_width: usize,
+    tile_height: usize,
     transparent_colour: Option<Colour>,
 ) {
-    let tiles_x = image.width / tile_size;
-    let tiles_y = image.height / tile_size;
+    let tiles_x = image.width / tile_width;
+    let tiles_y = image.height / tile_height;
 
     for y in 0..tiles_y {
         for x in 0..tiles_x {
             let mut palette = palette16::Palette16::new();
 
-            for j in 0..tile_size {
-                for i in 0..tile_size {
-                    let colour = image.colour(x * tile_size + i, y * tile_size + j);
+            for j in 0..tile_height {
+                for i in 0..tile_width {
+                    let colour = image.colour(x * tile_width + i, y * tile_height + j);
 
                     palette.add_colour(match (colour.is_transparent(), transparent_colour) {
                         (true, Some(transparent_colour)) => transparent_colour,
@@ -460,7 +534,14 @@ fn palette_tile_data(
     let mut tile_data = Vec::new();
 
     for (image_idx, image) in images.iter().enumerate() {
-        add_image_to_tile_data(&mut tile_data, image, optimiser, image_idx)
+        add_image_to_tile_data(
+            &mut tile_data,
+            image,
+            optimiser,
+            image_idx,
+            true,
+            &(0..images.len()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        );
     }
 
     let tile_data = collapse_to_4bpp(&tile_data);
@@ -482,6 +563,8 @@ fn add_image_to_tile_data(
     image: &Image,
     optimiser: &Palette16OptimisationResults,
     assignment_offset: usize,
+    is_sprite: bool,
+    remap_index: &[usize],
 ) {
     let tile_size = 8;
     let tiles_x = image.width / tile_size;
@@ -489,7 +572,13 @@ fn add_image_to_tile_data(
 
     for y in 0..tiles_y {
         for x in 0..tiles_x {
-            let palette_index = optimiser.assignments[y * tiles_x + x + assignment_offset];
+            let assignment = if is_sprite {
+                assignment_offset
+            } else {
+                remap_index[y * tiles_x + x] + assignment_offset
+            };
+
+            let palette_index = optimiser.assignments[assignment];
             let palette = &optimiser.optimised_palettes[palette_index];
 
             for inner_y in 0..tile_size / 8 {
@@ -614,6 +703,16 @@ fn valid_sprite_size(width: u32, height: u32) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
+const OUT_DIR_TOKEN: &str = "$OUT_DIR";
+
+fn get_out_dir(raw_input: &str) -> String {
+    if raw_input.contains(OUT_DIR_TOKEN) {
+        std::env::var("OUT_DIR").expect("Failed to get OUT_DIR")
+    } else {
+        String::new()
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use asefile::AnimationDirection;

agb-image-converter/src/palette16.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 use crate::colour::Colour;
-use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::{
+    collections::{BTreeSet, HashSet},
+    fmt,
+};
 
 const MAX_COLOURS: usize = 256;
 const MAX_COLOURS_PER_PALETTE: usize = 16;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub(crate) struct Palette16 {
     colours: Vec<Colour>,
 }
@@ -62,12 +65,15 @@ impl Palette16 {
         self.colours.iter()
     }
 
-    fn union_length(&self, other: &Palette16) -> usize {
-        self.colours
+    fn with_transparent(&self, transparent_colour: Colour) -> Self {
+        let mut new_colours = self.colours.clone();
+        let transparent_colour_index = new_colours
             .iter()
-            .chain(&other.colours)
-            .collect::<HashSet<_>>()
-            .len()
+            .position(|&c| c == transparent_colour)
+            .expect("Could not find tranparent colour in palette");
+        new_colours.swap(0, transparent_colour_index);
+
+        Self::from(&new_colours)
     }
 
     fn is_satisfied_by(&self, other: &Palette16) -> bool {
@@ -87,6 +93,20 @@ impl IntoIterator for Palette16 {
     }
 }
 
+impl<'a, T> From<T> for Palette16
+where
+    T: IntoIterator<Item = &'a Colour>,
+{
+    fn from(value: T) -> Self {
+        let mut palette = Palette16::new();
+        for colour in value.into_iter() {
+            palette.add_colour(*colour);
+        }
+
+        palette
+    }
+}
+
 pub(crate) struct Palette16Optimiser {
     palettes: Vec<Palette16>,
     colours: Vec<Colour>,
@@ -125,28 +145,42 @@ impl Palette16Optimiser {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn optimise_palettes(&self) -> Palette16OptimisationResults {
-        let mut assignments = vec![0; self.palettes.len()];
-        let mut optimised_palettes = vec![];
+    pub fn optimise_palettes(&self) -> Result<Palette16OptimisationResults, DoesNotFitError> {
+        let transparent_colour = self
+            .transparent_colour
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| Colour::from_rgb(255, 0, 255, 0));
 
-        let mut unsatisfied_palettes = self
+        let palettes_to_optimise = self
             .palettes
             .iter()
             .cloned()
-            .collect::<HashSet<Palette16>>();
+            .map(|mut palette| {
+                // ensure each palette we're creating the covering for has the transparent colour in it
+                palette.add_colour(transparent_colour);
+                palette
+            })
+            .collect::<BTreeSet<Palette16>>()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|palette| palette.colours)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-        while !unsatisfied_palettes.is_empty() {
-            let palette = self.find_maximal_palette_for(&unsatisfied_palettes);
+        let packed_palettes =
+            pagination_packing::overload_and_remove::<_, _, Vec<_>>(&palettes_to_optimise, 16);
 
-            unsatisfied_palettes.retain(|test_palette| !test_palette.is_satisfied_by(&palette));
+        let optimised_palettes = packed_palettes
+            .iter()
+            .map(|packed_palette| {
+                let colours = packed_palette.unique_symbols(&palettes_to_optimise);
+                Palette16::from(colours).with_transparent(transparent_colour)
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-            optimised_palettes.push(palette);
-
-            if optimised_palettes.len() == MAX_COLOURS / MAX_COLOURS_PER_PALETTE {
-                panic!("Failed to find covering palettes");
-            }
+        if optimised_palettes.len() > 16 {
+            return Err(DoesNotFitError(packed_palettes.len()));
         }
 
+        let mut assignments = vec![0; self.palettes.len()];
+
         for (i, overall_palette) in self.palettes.iter().enumerate() {
             assignments[i] = optimised_palettes
                 .iter()
@@ -154,59 +188,86 @@ impl Palette16Optimiser {
                 .unwrap();
         }
 
-        Palette16OptimisationResults {
+        Ok(Palette16OptimisationResults {
             optimised_palettes,
             assignments,
             transparent_colour: self.transparent_colour,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DoesNotFitError(pub usize);
+
+impl fmt::Display for DoesNotFitError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "Could not fit colours into palette, needed {} bins but can have at most 16",
+            self.0
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for DoesNotFitError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{self}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use quickcheck::{quickcheck, Arbitrary};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    quickcheck! {
+        fn less_than_256_colours_always_fits(palettes: Vec<Palette16>, transparent_colour: Colour) -> bool {
+            let mut optimiser = Palette16Optimiser::new(Some(transparent_colour));
+            for palette in palettes.clone().into_iter().take(16) {
+                optimiser.add_palette(palette);
+            }
+
+            let Ok(optimisation_results) = optimiser.optimise_palettes() else {
+                return false
+            };
+
+            check_palette_invariants(palettes.iter().take(16), optimisation_results, transparent_colour)
         }
     }
 
-    fn find_maximal_palette_for(&self, unsatisfied_palettes: &HashSet<Palette16>) -> Palette16 {
+    fn check_palette_invariants<'a>(
+        palettes: impl Iterator<Item = &'a Palette16>,
+        optimisation_results: Palette16OptimisationResults,
+        transparent_colour: Colour,
+    ) -> bool {
+        for (i, palette) in palettes.enumerate() {
+            let optimised_palette =
+                &optimisation_results.optimised_palettes[optimisation_results.assignments[i]];
+            if !palette.is_satisfied_by(optimised_palette) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if optimised_palette.colour_index(transparent_colour) != 0 {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+
+    impl Arbitrary for Palette16 {
+        fn arbitrary(g: &mut quickcheck::Gen) -> Self {
             let mut palette = Palette16::new();
 
-        palette.add_colour(
-            self.transparent_colour
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| Colour::from_rgb(255, 0, 255, 0)),
-        );
+            let size: usize = Arbitrary::arbitrary(g);
+            // never entirely fill the palette, will give at most 15 colours
+            let size = size.rem_euclid(16);
 
-        loop {
-            let mut colour_usage = vec![0; MAX_COLOURS];
-            let mut a_colour_is_used = false;
-
-            for current_palette in unsatisfied_palettes {
-                if palette.union_length(current_palette) > MAX_COLOURS_PER_PALETTE {
-                    continue;
+            for _ in 0..size {
+                palette.add_colour(Arbitrary::arbitrary(g));
             }
 
-                for colour in &current_palette.colours {
-                    if palette.colours.contains(colour) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    if let Some(colour_index) = self.colours.iter().position(|c| c == colour) {
-                        colour_usage[colour_index] += 1;
-                        a_colour_is_used = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if !a_colour_is_used {
-                return palette;
-            }
-
-            let best_index = colour_usage
-                .iter()
-                .enumerate()
-                .max_by(|(_, usage1), (_, usage2)| usage1.cmp(usage2))
-                .unwrap()
-                .0;
-
-            let best_colour = self.colours[best_index];
-
-            palette.add_colour(best_colour);
-            if palette.colours.len() == MAX_COLOURS_PER_PALETTE {
-                return palette;
-            }
+            palette
         }
     }
 }

agb-image-converter/src/palette256.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{collections::HashSet, iter::FromIterator};
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 
 use crate::{
     colour::Colour,
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 pub struct Palette256 {
-    colours: HashSet<Colour>,
+    colours: BTreeSet<Colour>,
 }
 
 impl Palette256 {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
-            colours: HashSet::new(),
+            colours: BTreeSet::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ impl Palette256 {
             .cloned()
             .collect();
 
-        let current_colours_set = HashSet::from_iter(optimised_palette_colours.iter().cloned());
-        let new_colours: HashSet<_> = self
+        let current_colours_set = BTreeSet::from_iter(optimised_palette_colours.iter().cloned());
+        let new_colours: BTreeSet<_> = self
             .colours
             .symmetric_difference(&current_colours_set)
             .collect();

agb-image-converter/src/rust_generator.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::deduplicator::{DeduplicatedData, Transformation};
 use crate::palette16::Palette16OptimisationResults;
 use crate::{add_image_256_to_tile_data, add_image_to_tile_data, collapse_to_4bpp};
 use crate::{image_loader::Image, ByteString};
@@ -5,6 +6,7 @@ use crate::{image_loader::Image, ByteString};
 use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
 use quote::{format_ident, quote};
 
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::iter;
 
 pub(crate) fn generate_palette_code(
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_palette_code(
     });
 
     quote! {
-        pub const PALETTES: &[#crate_prefix::display::palette16::Palette16] = &[#(#palettes),*];
+        pub static PALETTES: &[#crate_prefix::display::palette16::Palette16] = &[#(#palettes),*];
     }
 }
 
@@ -40,41 +42,87 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_code(
     image_filename: &str,
     crate_prefix: String,
     assignment_offset: Option<usize>,
+    deduplicate: bool,
 ) -> TokenStream {
     let crate_prefix = format_ident!("{}", crate_prefix);
     let output_variable_name = format_ident!("{}", output_variable_name);
 
+    let (image, dedup_data) = if deduplicate {
+        let (new_image, dedup_data) =
+            crate::deduplicator::deduplicate_image(image, assignment_offset.is_some());
+
+        (new_image, dedup_data)
+    } else {
+        (
+            image.clone(),
+            (0..(image.width * image.height / 8 / 8))
+                .map(|i| DeduplicatedData {
+                    new_index: i,
+                    transformation: Transformation::none(),
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        )
+    };
+
+    let remap_index = dedup_data
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(i, data)| (data.new_index, i))
+        .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>(); // BTreeMap so that values below is in order
+
+    let remap_index = remap_index.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
     let (tile_data, assignments) = if let Some(assignment_offset) = assignment_offset {
         let mut tile_data = Vec::new();
 
-        add_image_to_tile_data(&mut tile_data, image, results, assignment_offset);
+        add_image_to_tile_data(
+            &mut tile_data,
+            &image,
+            results,
+            assignment_offset,
+            false,
+            &remap_index,
+        );
 
         let tile_data = collapse_to_4bpp(&tile_data);
 
         let num_tiles = image.width * image.height / 8usize.pow(2);
 
-        let assignments = results
-            .assignments
-            .iter()
-            .skip(assignment_offset)
-            .take(num_tiles)
-            .map(|&x| x as u8)
+        let all_assignments = &results.assignments[assignment_offset..];
+        let assignments = (0..num_tiles)
+            .map(|tile_id| all_assignments[remap_index[tile_id]] as u8)
             .collect();
 
         (tile_data, assignments)
     } else {
         let mut tile_data = Vec::new();
 
-        add_image_256_to_tile_data(&mut tile_data, image, results);
+        add_image_256_to_tile_data(&mut tile_data, &image, results);
 
         (tile_data, vec![])
     };
 
+    let tile_settings = dedup_data.iter().map(|data| {
+        let palette_assignment = assignments.get(data.new_index).unwrap_or(&0);
+        let vflipped = data.transformation.vflip;
+        let hflipped = data.transformation.hflip;
+        let index = data.new_index as u16;
+
+        quote! {
+            #crate_prefix::display::tiled::TileSetting::new(#index, #hflipped, #vflipped, #palette_assignment)
+        }
+    });
+
     let data = ByteString(&tile_data);
+    let tile_format = if assignment_offset.is_some() {
+        quote! { #crate_prefix::display::tiled::TileFormat::FourBpp }
+    } else {
+        quote! { #crate_prefix::display::tiled::TileFormat::EightBpp }
+    };
 
     quote! {
         #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
-        pub const #output_variable_name: #crate_prefix::display::tile_data::TileData = {
+        pub static #output_variable_name: #crate_prefix::display::tile_data::TileData = {
             const _: &[u8] = include_bytes!(#image_filename);
 
             const TILE_DATA: &[u8] = {
@@ -83,7 +131,7 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_code(
                     pub bytes: Bytes,
                 }
 
-                const ALIGNED: &AlignedAs<u16, [u8]> = &AlignedAs {
+                const ALIGNED: &AlignedAs<u32, [u8]> = &AlignedAs {
                     _align: [],
                     bytes: *#data,
                 };
@@ -91,11 +139,13 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_code(
                 &ALIGNED.bytes
             };
 
-            const PALETTE_ASSIGNMENT: &[u8] = &[
-                #(#assignments),*
+            const TILE_SET: #crate_prefix::display::tiled::TileSet = #crate_prefix::display::tiled::TileSet::new(TILE_DATA, #tile_format);
+
+            const TILE_SETTINGS: &[#crate_prefix::display::tiled::TileSetting] = &[
+                #(#tile_settings),*
             ];
 
-            #crate_prefix::display::tile_data::TileData::new(TILE_DATA, PALETTE_ASSIGNMENT)
+            #crate_prefix::display::tile_data::TileData::new(TILE_SET, TILE_SETTINGS)
         };
     }
 }

agb-macros/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "agb_macros"
-version = "0.15.0"
-authors = ["Gwilym Kuiper <gw@ilym.me>"]
+version = "0.21.1"
+authors = ["Gwilym Inzani <gw@ilym.me>"]
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 description = "Macro for declaring the entry point for a game using the agb library"
@@ -14,13 +14,3 @@ proc-macro = true
 syn = { version = "2", features = ["full", "extra-traits"] }
 proc-macro2 = "1"
 quote = "1"
-
-[profile.dev]
-opt-level = 3
-debug = true
-
-[profile.release]
-opt-level = 3
-lto = "fat"
-debug = true
-codegen-units = 1

agb-macros/src/lib.rs

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ pub fn entry(args: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
     quote!(
         #[cfg(not(test))]
         #[export_name = "main"]
+        #[doc(hidden)]
         #(#attrs)*
         pub extern "C" fn #fn_name() -> ! {
             let #mutable #argument_name = unsafe { #argument_type ::new_in_entry() };
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ pub fn entry(args: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 
         #[cfg(test)]
         #[export_name = "main"]
+        #[doc(hidden)]
         #(#attrs)*
         pub extern "C" fn #fn_name() -> ! {
             let mut #argument_name = unsafe { #argument_type ::new_in_entry() };

agb-sound-converter/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "agb_sound_converter"
-version = "0.15.0"
-authors = ["Gwilym Kuiper <gw@ilym.me>"]
+version = "0.21.1"
+authors = ["Gwilym Inzani <gw@ilym.me>"]
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 description = "Library for converting wavs for use on the Game Boy Advance"
@@ -15,13 +15,3 @@ hound = "3.5"
 syn = "2"
 proc-macro2 = "1"
 quote = "1"
-
-[profile.dev]
-opt-level = 3
-debug = true
-
-[profile.release]
-opt-level = 3
-lto = "fat"
-debug = true
-codegen-units = 1

agb/.cargo/config.toml

@@ -6,9 +6,17 @@ build-std-features = ["compiler-builtins-mem"]
 target = "thumbv4t-none-eabi"
 
 [target.thumbv4t-none-eabi]
-rustflags = ["-Clink-arg=-Tgba.ld", "-Ctarget-cpu=arm7tdmi"]
+rustflags = [
+    "-Clink-arg=-Tgba.ld",
+    "-Ctarget-cpu=arm7tdmi",
+    "-Cforce-frame-pointers=yes",
+]
 runner = "mgba-test-runner"
 
 [target.armv4t-none-eabi]
-rustflags = ["-Clink-arg=-Tgba.ld", "-Ctarget-cpu=arm7tdmi"]
+rustflags = [
+    "-Clink-arg=-Tgba.ld",
+    "-Ctarget-cpu=arm7tdmi",
+    "-Cforce-frame-pointers=yes",
+]
 runner = "mgba-test-runner"

agb/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,32 +1,46 @@
 [package]
 name = "agb"
-version = "0.15.0"
-authors = ["Corwin Kuiper <corwin@kuiper.dev>", "Gwilym Kuiper <gw@ilym.me>"]
+version = "0.21.1"
+authors = ["Corwin Kuiper <corwin@kuiper.dev>", "Gwilym Inzani <gw@ilym.me>"]
 edition = "2021"
 description = "Library for Game Boy Advance Development"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/agbrs/agb"
+homepage = "https://agbrs.dev"
+exclude = ["/tests", "/examples"]
+keywords = ["game-engines", "embedded"]
 
 [features]
-default = ["testing"]
+default = ["backtrace", "testing"]
+backtrace = ["testing", "dep:qrcodegen-no-heap"]
 testing = []
+multiboot = []
 
 [dependencies]
 bitflags = "2"
-agb_image_converter = { version = "0.15.0", path = "../agb-image-converter" }
-agb_sound_converter = { version = "0.15.0", path = "../agb-sound-converter" }
-agb_macros = { version = "0.15.0", path = "../agb-macros" }
-agb_fixnum = { version = "0.15.0", path = "../agb-fixnum" }
-agb_hashmap = { version = "0.15.0", path = "../agb-hashmap" }
-bare-metal = "1"
-modular-bitfield = "0.11"
-rustc-hash =  { version = "1", default-features = false }
+agb_image_converter = { version = "0.21.1", path = "../agb-image-converter" }
+agb_sound_converter = { version = "0.21.1", path = "../agb-sound-converter" }
+agb_macros = { version = "0.21.1", path = "../agb-macros" }
+agb_fixnum = { version = "0.21.1", path = "../agb-fixnum" }
+agb_hashmap = { version = "0.21.1", path = "../agb-hashmap", features = [
+	"allocator_api",
+] }
+bilge = "0.2"
+qrcodegen-no-heap = { version = "1.8", optional = true }
+portable-atomic = { version = "1.6.0", default-features = false, features = [
+	"unsafe-assume-single-core",
+	"fallback",
+] }
+once_cell = { version = "1.20.1", default-features = false, features = [
+	"critical-section",
+] }
+critical-section = { version = "1.1.2", features = ["restore-state-u16"] }
 embedded-hal = "0.2.7"
 nb = "1.1"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
-default-target = "thumbv6m-none-eabi"
-targets = []
+default-target = "thumbv4t-none-eabi"
+cargo-args = ["-Zbuild-std=core,alloc"]
 
 [profile.dev]
 opt-level = 3
@@ -36,4 +50,3 @@ debug = true
 opt-level = 3
 lto = "fat"
 debug = true
-codegen-units = 1

agb/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../README.md

agb/build.rs

@@ -1,76 +1,20 @@
-use std::path;
+use std::{env, error::Error, fs, path::PathBuf};
 
-fn main() {
-    let asm = &[
-        "src/crt0.s",
-        "src/interrupt_handler.s",
-        "src/sound/mixer/mixer.s",
-        "src/agbabi/memset.s",
-        "src/agbabi/memcpy.s",
-        "src/save/asm_routines.s",
-    ];
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let out = &PathBuf::from(env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
+    let linker_script = if env::var("CARGO_FEATURE_MULTIBOOT").is_ok() {
+        include_bytes!(concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/src/gba_mb.ld")).as_slice()
+    } else {
+        include_bytes!(concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/src/gba.ld")).as_slice()
+    };
 
-    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=gba.ld");
-    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=gba_mb.ld");
-    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src/asm_include.s");
-    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src/agbabi/macros.inc");
-    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=gfx/test_logo.png");
+    fs::write(out.join("gba.ld"), linker_script)?;
+    println!("cargo:rustc-link-search={}", out.display());
 
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src/gba.ld");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src/gba_mb.ld");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CARGO_FEATURE_MULTIBOOT");
 
-    let out_dir = std::env::var("OUT_DIR").expect("OUT_DIR environment variable must be specified");
-    let mut o_files = vec![];
-
-    for &a in asm.iter() {
-        println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={a}");
-        let filename = path::Path::new(a);
-        let filename = filename.with_extension("o");
-        let filename = filename
-            .file_name()
-            .expect("should have filename")
-            .to_str()
-            .expect("Please make it valid utf-8");
-
-        let out_file_path = format!("{out_dir}/{filename}");
-
-        let out = std::process::Command::new("arm-none-eabi-as")
-            .arg("-mthumb-interwork")
-            .arg("-mcpu=arm7tdmi")
-            .arg("-g")
-            .args(["-o", out_file_path.as_str()])
-            .arg(a)
-            .output()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("failed to compile {a}"));
-
-        assert!(
-            out.status.success(),
-            "{}",
-            String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr)
-        );
-
-        for warning_line in String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr).split('\n') {
-            if !warning_line.is_empty() {
-                println!("cargo:warning={warning_line}");
-            }
-        }
-
-        o_files.push(out_file_path);
-    }
-
-    let archive = format!("{out_dir}/agb.a");
-    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&archive);
-    let ar_out = std::process::Command::new("arm-none-eabi-ar")
-        .arg("-crs")
-        .arg(&archive)
-        .args(&o_files)
-        .output()
-        .expect("Failed to create static library");
-
-    assert!(
-        ar_out.status.success(),
-        "{}",
-        String::from_utf8_lossy(&ar_out.stderr)
-    );
-
-    println!("cargo:rustc-link-search={out_dir}");
+    Ok(())
 }

agb/examples/affine_background.rs

@@ -4,34 +4,34 @@
 use agb::{
     display::{
         affine::AffineMatrixBackground,
-        tiled::{AffineBackgroundSize, TileFormat, TileSet, TiledMap},
+        tiled::{AffineBackgroundSize, TiledMap},
         Priority,
     },
     fixnum::{num, Num},
     include_background_gfx,
 };
 
-include_background_gfx!(affine_tiles, water_tiles => 256 "examples/water_tiles.png");
+include_background_gfx!(affine_tiles, "3f3f74", water_tiles => 256 "examples/water_tiles.png");
 
 #[agb::entry]
 fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
-    let (gfx, mut vram) = gba.display.video.tiled2();
+    let (gfx, mut vram) = gba.display.video.tiled1();
     let vblank = agb::interrupt::VBlank::get();
 
-    let tileset = TileSet::new(affine_tiles::water_tiles.tiles, TileFormat::EightBpp);
+    let tileset = &affine_tiles::water_tiles.tiles;
 
     vram.set_background_palettes(affine_tiles::PALETTES);
 
-    let mut bg = gfx.background(Priority::P0, AffineBackgroundSize::Background32x32);
+    let mut bg = gfx.affine(Priority::P0, AffineBackgroundSize::Background32x32);
 
     for y in 0..32u16 {
         for x in 0..32u16 {
-            bg.set_tile(&mut vram, (x, y).into(), &tileset, 1);
+            bg.set_tile(&mut vram, (x, y), tileset, 1);
         }
     }
 
     bg.commit(&mut vram);
-    bg.show();
+    bg.set_visible(true);
 
     let mut rotation = num!(0.);
     let rotation_increase: Num<i32, 16> = num!(0.01);
@@ -43,17 +43,17 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
 
     loop {
         input.update();
-        scroll_x += input.x_tri() as i32;
-        scroll_y += input.y_tri() as i32;
+        scroll_x += input.x_tri() as i16;
+        scroll_y += input.y_tri() as i16;
 
-        let scroll_pos = (scroll_x, scroll_y).into();
+        let scroll_pos = (scroll_x, scroll_y);
 
         rotation += rotation_increase;
         rotation = rotation.rem_euclid(1.into());
 
         let transformation = AffineMatrixBackground::from_scale_rotation_position(
-            (0, 0).into(),
-            (1, 1).into(),
+            (0, 0),
+            (1, 1),
             rotation,
             scroll_pos,
         );

agb/examples/animated_background.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use agb::{
     display::{
-        tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TileFormat, TileSet, TileSetting, TiledMap},
+        tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TiledMap},
         Priority,
     },
     include_background_gfx,
@@ -16,35 +16,35 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
     let (gfx, mut vram) = gba.display.video.tiled0();
     let vblank = agb::interrupt::VBlank::get();
 
-    let tileset = TileSet::new(water_tiles::water_tiles.tiles, TileFormat::FourBpp);
+    let tileset = &water_tiles::water_tiles.tiles;
 
     vram.set_background_palettes(water_tiles::PALETTES);
 
     let mut bg = gfx.background(
         Priority::P0,
         RegularBackgroundSize::Background32x32,
-        TileFormat::FourBpp,
+        tileset.format(),
     );
 
     for y in 0..20u16 {
         for x in 0..30u16 {
             bg.set_tile(
                 &mut vram,
-                (x, y).into(),
-                &tileset,
-                TileSetting::new(0, false, false, 0),
+                (x, y),
+                tileset,
+                water_tiles::water_tiles.tile_settings[0],
             );
         }
     }
 
     bg.commit(&mut vram);
-    bg.show();
+    bg.set_visible(true);
 
     let mut i = 0;
     loop {
         i = (i + 1) % 8;
 
-        vram.replace_tile(&tileset, 0, &tileset, i);
+        vram.replace_tile(tileset, 0, tileset, i);
 
         vblank.wait_for_vblank();
     }

agb/examples/bitmap4.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
 
-use agb::display;
+use agb::display::{self, HEIGHT, WIDTH};
 
 #[agb::entry]
 fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
@@ -11,25 +11,22 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
     bitmap.set_palette_entry(1, 0x001F);
     bitmap.set_palette_entry(2, 0x03E0);
 
-    bitmap.draw_point_page(
-        display::WIDTH / 2,
-        display::HEIGHT / 2,
-        1,
-        display::bitmap4::Page::Front,
-    );
-    bitmap.draw_point_page(
-        display::WIDTH / 2 + 5,
-        display::HEIGHT / 2,
-        2,
-        display::bitmap4::Page::Back,
-    );
+    for y in 0..HEIGHT {
+        for x in 0..WIDTH {
+            bitmap.draw_point_page(x, y, 0xF, display::bitmap4::Page::Front);
+            bitmap.draw_point_page(x, y, 1, display::bitmap4::Page::Front);
+            bitmap.draw_point_page(x, y, 0xFF, display::bitmap4::Page::Back);
+            bitmap.draw_point_page(x, y, 2, display::bitmap4::Page::Back);
+        }
+    }
 
-    let mut count = 0;
+    let mut input = agb::input::ButtonController::new();
 
     loop {
         vblank.wait_for_vblank();
-        count += 1;
-        if count % 6 == 0 {
+        input.update();
+
+        if input.is_just_pressed(agb::input::Button::A) {
             bitmap.flip_page();
         }
     }

agb/examples/chicken.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ use agb::{
     },
     input::Button,
 };
-use core::convert::TryInto;
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum State {
@@ -65,13 +64,13 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
         let i = i as u16;
         background.set_tile(
             &mut vram,
-            (i % 32, i / 32).into(),
+            (i % 32, i / 32),
             &tileset,
             TileSetting::from_raw(tile),
         );
     }
 
-    background.show();
+    background.set_visible(true);
     background.commit(&mut vram);
 
     let object = gba.display.object.get_managed();

agb/examples/dma_effect_background_colour.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
+
+use agb::{
+    display::{
+        example_logo,
+        tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TileFormat},
+    },
+    interrupt::VBlank,
+};
+
+#[agb::entry]
+fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
+    let (gfx, mut vram) = gba.display.video.tiled0();
+
+    let mut map = gfx.background(
+        agb::display::Priority::P0,
+        RegularBackgroundSize::Background32x32,
+        TileFormat::FourBpp,
+    );
+
+    let dma = gba.dma.dma().dma0;
+
+    example_logo::display_logo_basic(&mut map, &mut vram);
+
+    let vblank = VBlank::get();
+
+    let colours: Box<[_]> = (0..160).map(|i| ((i * 0xffff) / 160) as u16).collect();
+
+    let background_colour = 0x732b; // generated using `https://agbrs.dev/colour`
+    let background_colour_index = vram
+        .find_colour_index_16(0, background_colour)
+        .expect("Should contain colour 0x732b");
+
+    loop {
+        let _background_color_transfer = unsafe {
+            dma.hblank_transfer(
+                &vram.background_palette_colour_dma(0, background_colour_index),
+                &colours,
+            )
+        };
+
+        vblank.wait_for_vblank();
+    }
+}

agb/examples/dma_effect_background_scroll.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
+
+use agb::{
+    display::{
+        example_logo,
+        tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TileFormat},
+    },
+    interrupt::VBlank,
+};
+
+#[agb::entry]
+fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
+    let (gfx, mut vram) = gba.display.video.tiled0();
+
+    let mut map = gfx.background(
+        agb::display::Priority::P0,
+        RegularBackgroundSize::Background32x32,
+        TileFormat::FourBpp,
+    );
+
+    let dma = gba.dma.dma().dma0;
+
+    example_logo::display_logo(&mut map, &mut vram);
+
+    let vblank = VBlank::get();
+
+    let offsets: Box<[_]> = (0..160 * 2).collect();
+
+    let mut frame = 0;
+
+    loop {
+        let _x_scroll_transfer =
+            unsafe { dma.hblank_transfer(&map.x_scroll_dma(), &offsets[frame..]) };
+
+        vblank.wait_for_vblank();
+        frame += 1;
+        if frame > 160 {
+            frame = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

agb/examples/dma_effect_circular_window.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+use agb::{
+    display::{
+        example_logo,
+        tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TileFormat},
+        window::WinIn,
+        HEIGHT, WIDTH,
+    },
+    fixnum::{Num, Rect, Vector2D},
+    interrupt::VBlank,
+};
+use alloc::{boxed::Box, vec};
+
+type FNum = Num<i32, 8>;
+
+#[agb::entry]
+fn entry(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
+    main(gba)
+}
+
+fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
+    let (gfx, mut vram) = gba.display.video.tiled0();
+
+    let mut map = gfx.background(
+        agb::display::Priority::P0,
+        RegularBackgroundSize::Background32x32,
+        TileFormat::FourBpp,
+    );
+    let mut window = gba.display.window.get();
+    window
+        .win_in(WinIn::Win0)
+        .set_background_enable(map.background(), true)
+        .set_position(&Rect::new((10, 10).into(), (64, 64).into()))
+        .enable();
+
+    let dmas = gba.dma.dma();
+
+    example_logo::display_logo(&mut map, &mut vram);
+
+    let mut pos: Vector2D<FNum> = (10, 10).into();
+    let mut velocity: Vector2D<FNum> = Vector2D::new(1.into(), 1.into());
+
+    let vblank = VBlank::get();
+
+    let circle: Box<[_]> = (1..64i32)
+        .map(|i| {
+            let y = 32 - i;
+            let x = (32 * 32 - y * y).isqrt();
+            let x1 = 32 - x;
+            let x2 = 32 + x;
+
+            ((x1 as u16) << 8) | (x2 as u16)
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut circle_poses = vec![0; 160];
+
+    loop {
+        pos += velocity;
+
+        if pos.x.floor() > WIDTH - 64 || pos.x.floor() < 0 {
+            velocity.x *= -1;
+        }
+
+        if pos.y.floor() > HEIGHT - 64 || pos.y.floor() < 0 {
+            velocity.y *= -1;
+        }
+
+        let x_pos = pos.x.floor().max(0) as u16;
+        let y_pos = pos.y.floor().max(0);
+        let x_adjustment = x_pos << 8 | x_pos;
+        for (i, value) in circle_poses.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+            let i = i as i32;
+            if i <= y_pos || i >= y_pos + 64 {
+                *value = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            *value = circle[(i - y_pos) as usize - 1] + x_adjustment;
+        }
+
+        window
+            .win_in(WinIn::Win0)
+            .set_position(&Rect::new(pos.floor(), (64, 65).into()));
+        window.commit();
+
+        let dma_controllable = window.win_in(WinIn::Win0).horizontal_position_dma();
+        let _transfer = unsafe { dmas.dma0.hblank_transfer(&dma_controllable, &circle_poses) };
+
+        vblank.wait_for_vblank();
+    }
+}

agb/examples/dynamic_tiles.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use agb::display::{
     palette16::Palette16,
-    tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TileFormat, TileSetting, TiledMap},
+    tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TileFormat, TiledMap},
     Priority,
 };
 
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
 
             bg.set_tile(
                 &mut vram,
-                (x as u16, y as u16).into(),
+                (x as u16, y as u16),
                 &dynamic_tile.tile_set(),
-                TileSetting::from_raw(dynamic_tile.tile_index()),
+                dynamic_tile.tile_setting(),
             );
 
             vram.remove_dynamic_tile(dynamic_tile);
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
     }
 
     bg.commit(&mut vram);
-    bg.show();
+    bg.set_visible(true);
 
     loop {
         vblank.wait_for_vblank();

agb/examples/font/OFL.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+Copyright (c) 2021, TakWolf (https://takwolf.com),
+with Reserved Font Name 'Ark Pixel'.
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at:
+https://openfontlicense.org
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
+efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and
+open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership
+with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting,
+or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the
+Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a
+new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify,
+redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font
+Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components,
+in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding
+Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as
+presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created
+using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.

agb/examples/just_build.rs

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#![no_std]
-#![no_main]
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic_handler(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn __RUST_INTERRUPT_HANDLER(_: u16) {}
-
-// implementation of tonc's "My first GBA demo"
-// https://coranac.com/tonc/text/first.htm
-
-#[no_mangle]
-pub fn main() -> ! {
-    unsafe {
-        *(0x0400_0000 as *mut u32) = 0x0403;
-        let video = 0x0600_0000 as *mut u16;
-        *video.offset(120 + 80 * 240) = 0x001F;
-        *video.offset(136 + 80 * 240) = 0x03E0;
-        *video.offset(120 + 96 * 240) = 0x7C00;
-    }
-    loop {}
-}

agb/examples/mixer_32768.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 
 use agb::{
     display::{
-        tiled::{
-            RegularBackgroundSize, RegularMap, TileFormat, TileSetting, TiledMap, VRamManager,
-        },
+        tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, RegularMap, TileFormat, TiledMap, VRamManager},
         Font, Priority,
     },
     include_font, include_wav,
@@ -16,9 +14,9 @@ use agb::{
 use core::fmt::Write;
 
 // Music - "Crazy glue" by Josh Woodward, free download at http://joshwoodward.com
-const CRAZY_GLUE: &[u8] = include_wav!("examples/JoshWoodward-CrazyGlue.wav");
+static CRAZY_GLUE: &[u8] = include_wav!("examples/JoshWoodward-CrazyGlue.wav");
 
-const FONT: Font = include_font!("examples/font/yoster.ttf", 12);
+static FONT: Font = include_font!("examples/font/yoster.ttf", 12);
 
 #[agb::entry]
 fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
 
     init_background(&mut bg, &mut vram);
 
-    let mut title_renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 3u16).into());
+    let mut title_renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 3u16));
     let mut writer = title_renderer.writer(1, 0, &mut bg, &mut vram);
 
     writeln!(&mut writer, "Crazy Glue by Josh Woodward").unwrap();
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
     writer.commit();
 
     bg.commit(&mut vram);
-    bg.show();
+    bg.set_visible(true);
 
     let timer_controller = gba.timers.timers();
     let mut timer = timer_controller.timer2;
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
     let mut frame_counter = 0i32;
     let mut has_written_frame_time = false;
 
-    let mut stats_renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 6u16).into());
+    let mut stats_renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 6u16));
     loop {
         vblank_provider.wait_for_vblank();
         bg.commit(&mut vram);
@@ -108,9 +106,9 @@ fn init_background(bg: &mut RegularMap, vram: &mut VRamManager) {
         for x in 0..30u16 {
             bg.set_tile(
                 vram,
-                (x, y).into(),
+                (x, y),
                 &background_tile.tile_set(),
-                TileSetting::from_raw(background_tile.tile_index()),
+                background_tile.tile_setting(),
             );
         }
     }

agb/examples/mixer_basic.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use agb::sound::mixer::{Frequency, SoundChannel};
 use agb::{fixnum::num, include_wav, Gba};
 
 // Music - "Dead Code" by Josh Woodward, free download at http://joshwoodward.com
-const DEAD_CODE: &[u8] = include_wav!("examples/JoshWoodward-DeadCode.wav");
+static DEAD_CODE: &[u8] = include_wav!("examples/JoshWoodward-DeadCode.wav");
 
 #[agb::entry]
 fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
 
         {
             if let Some(channel) = mixer.channel(&channel_id) {
-                let half: Num<i16, 4> = num!(0.5);
-                let half_usize: Num<usize, 8> = num!(0.5);
+                let half: Num<i16, 8> = num!(0.5);
+                let half_usize: Num<u32, 8> = num!(0.5);
                 match input.x_tri() {
                     Tri::Negative => channel.panning(-half),
                     Tri::Zero => channel.panning(0),
@@ -46,6 +46,14 @@ fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
                 } else {
                     channel.volume(1);
                 }
+
+                if input.is_pressed(Button::A) {
+                    channel.resume();
+                }
+
+                if input.is_pressed(Button::B) {
+                    channel.pause();
+                }
             }
         }
 

agb/examples/object_text_render.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+use agb::{
+    display::{
+        object::{ChangeColour, ObjectTextRender, PaletteVram, Size, TextAlignment},
+        palette16::Palette16,
+        Font, HEIGHT, WIDTH,
+    },
+    include_font,
+    input::Button,
+};
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+use core::fmt::Write;
+
+static FONT: Font = include_font!("examples/font/ark-pixel-10px-proportional-ja.ttf", 10);
+
+#[agb::entry]
+fn entry(gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
+    main(gba);
+}
+
+fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
+    let (mut unmanaged, _sprites) = gba.display.object.get_unmanaged();
+
+    let mut palette = [0x0; 16];
+    palette[1] = 0xFF_FF;
+    palette[2] = 0x00_FF;
+    let palette = Palette16::new(palette);
+    let palette = PaletteVram::new(&palette).unwrap();
+
+    let timer = gba.timers.timers();
+    let mut timer: agb::timer::Timer = timer.timer2;
+
+    timer.set_enabled(true);
+    timer.set_divider(agb::timer::Divider::Divider256);
+
+    let mut wr = ObjectTextRender::new(&FONT, Size::S16x16, palette);
+    let start = timer.value();
+
+    let player_name = "You";
+    let _ = writeln!(
+            wr,
+            "Woah!{change2} {player_name}! {change1}こんにちは! I have a bunch of text I want to show you. However, you will find that the amount of text I can display is limited. Who'd have thought! Good thing that my text system supports scrolling! It only took around 20 jank versions to get here!",
+            change2 = ChangeColour::new(2),
+            change1 = ChangeColour::new(1),
+        );
+    let end = timer.value();
+
+    agb::println!(
+        "Write took {} cycles",
+        256 * (end.wrapping_sub(start) as u32)
+    );
+
+    let vblank = agb::interrupt::VBlank::get();
+    let mut input = agb::input::ButtonController::new();
+
+    let start = timer.value();
+
+    wr.layout((WIDTH, 40), TextAlignment::Justify, 2);
+    let end = timer.value();
+
+    agb::println!(
+        "Layout took {} cycles",
+        256 * (end.wrapping_sub(start) as u32)
+    );
+
+    let mut line_done = false;
+    let mut frame = 0;
+
+    loop {
+        vblank.wait_for_vblank();
+        input.update();
+        let oam = &mut unmanaged.iter();
+        wr.commit(oam);
+
+        let start = timer.value();
+        if frame % 4 == 0 {
+            line_done = !wr.next_letter_group();
+        }
+        if line_done && input.is_just_pressed(Button::A) {
+            line_done = false;
+            wr.pop_line();
+        }
+        wr.update((0, HEIGHT - 40));
+        let end = timer.value();
+
+        frame += 1;
+
+        agb::println!(
+            "Took {} cycles, line done {}",
+            256 * (end.wrapping_sub(start) as u32),
+            line_done
+        );
+    }
+}

agb/examples/output.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
 
-use agb::sync::Static;
+use portable_atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 
-static COUNT: Static<u32> = Static::new(0);
+static COUNT: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
 
 #[agb::entry]
 fn main(_gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
     let _a = unsafe {
         agb::interrupt::add_interrupt_handler(agb::interrupt::Interrupt::VBlank, |_| {
-            let cur_count = COUNT.read();
+            let cur_count = COUNT.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
             agb::println!("Hello, world, frame = {}", cur_count);
-            COUNT.write(cur_count + 1);
+            COUNT.store(cur_count + 1, Ordering::SeqCst);
         })
     };
     loop {}

agb/examples/panic.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
         }
         if input.is_just_pressed(agb::input::Button::B) {
             #[allow(arithmetic_overflow)]
-            let _p = core::i32::MAX + 1;
+            let _p = i32::MAX + 1;
         }
     }
 }

agb/examples/save.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+use agb::save::Error;
+
+extern crate alloc;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+#[agb::entry]
+fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
+    test_save(gba).unwrap();
+    panic!("example finished");
+}
+
+fn test_save(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    gba.save.init_sram();
+    let mut access = gba.save.access()?;
+
+    let mut is_save = 0;
+    access.read(0, core::slice::from_mut(&mut is_save))?;
+
+    if is_save != 0 {
+        access
+            .prepare_write(0..128)?
+            .write(0, &(0..128).collect::<Vec<_>>())?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

agb/examples/sprites.rs

@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ use agb::fixnum::num;
 use agb_fixnum::Num;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
-const GRAPHICS: &Graphics = agb::include_aseprite!(
+static GRAPHICS: &Graphics = agb::include_aseprite!(
     "examples/gfx/objects.aseprite",
     "examples/gfx/boss.aseprite",
     "examples/gfx/wide.aseprite",
     "examples/gfx/tall.aseprite"
 );
-const SPRITES: &[Sprite] = GRAPHICS.sprites();
-const TAG_MAP: &TagMap = GRAPHICS.tags();
+static SPRITES: &[Sprite] = GRAPHICS.sprites();
+static TAG_MAP: &TagMap = GRAPHICS.tags();
 
 fn all_sprites(gfx: &OamManaged, rotation_speed: Num<i32, 16>) {
     let mut input = agb::input::ButtonController::new();
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ fn all_sprites(gfx: &OamManaged, rotation_speed: Num<i32, 16>) {
             let mut obj = gfx.object_sprite(&SPRITES[0]);
             obj.set_affine_matrix(matrix.clone());
             obj.show_affine(object::AffineMode::Affine);
-            obj.set_position((x * 16 + 8, y * 16 + 8).into());
+            obj.set_position((x * 16 + 8, y * 16 + 8));
             objs.push(obj);
         }
     }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ fn all_tags(gfx: &OamManaged) {
         let (size_x, size_y) = (size_x as i32, size_y as i32);
         let mut obj = gfx.object_sprite(sprite);
         obj.show();
-        obj.set_position((x * 32 + 16 - size_x / 2, y * 32 + 16 - size_y / 2).into());
+        obj.set_position((x * 32 + 16 - size_x / 2, y * 32 + 16 - size_y / 2));
         objs.push((obj, v));
     }
 

agb/examples/stereo_sound.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 
 use agb::{
     display::{
-        tiled::{
-            RegularBackgroundSize, RegularMap, TileFormat, TileSetting, TiledMap, VRamManager,
-        },
+        tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, RegularMap, TileFormat, TiledMap, VRamManager},
         Font, Priority,
     },
     include_font, include_wav,
@@ -16,9 +14,9 @@ use agb::{
 use core::fmt::Write;
 
 // Music - "Let it in" by Josh Woodward, free download at http://joshwoodward.com
-const LET_IT_IN: &[u8] = include_wav!("examples/JoshWoodward-LetItIn.wav");
+static LET_IT_IN: &[u8] = include_wav!("examples/JoshWoodward-LetItIn.wav");
 
-const FONT: Font = include_font!("examples/font/yoster.ttf", 12);
+static FONT: Font = include_font!("examples/font/yoster.ttf", 12);
 
 #[agb::entry]
 fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
 
     init_background(&mut bg, &mut vram);
 
-    let mut title_renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 3u16).into());
+    let mut title_renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 3u16));
     let mut writer = title_renderer.writer(1, 0, &mut bg, &mut vram);
 
     writeln!(&mut writer, "Let it in by Josh Woodward").unwrap();
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
     writer.commit();
 
     bg.commit(&mut vram);
-    bg.show();
+    bg.set_visible(true);
 
     let timer_controller = gba.timers.timers();
     let mut timer = timer_controller.timer2;
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ fn main(mut gba: Gba) -> ! {
     let mut frame_counter = 0i32;
     let mut has_written_frame_time = false;
 
-    let mut stats_renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 6u16).into());
+    let mut stats_renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 6u16));
     loop {
         vblank_provider.wait_for_vblank();
         bg.commit(&mut vram);
@@ -96,9 +94,9 @@ fn init_background(bg: &mut RegularMap, vram: &mut VRamManager) {
         for x in 0..30u16 {
             bg.set_tile(
                 vram,
-                (x, y).into(),
+                (x, y),
                 &background_tile.tile_set(),
-                TileSetting::from_raw(background_tile.tile_index()),
+                background_tile.tile_setting(),
             );
         }
     }

agb/examples/text_render.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use agb::{
     display::{
-        tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TileFormat, TileSetting, TiledMap},
+        tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TileFormat, TiledMap},
         Font, Priority,
     },
     include_font,
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use agb::{
 
 use core::fmt::Write;
 
-const FONT: Font = include_font!("examples/font/yoster.ttf", 12);
+static FONT: Font = include_font!("examples/font/ark-pixel-10px-proportional-ja.ttf", 10);
 
 #[agb::entry]
 fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
@@ -35,30 +35,30 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
         for x in 0..30u16 {
             bg.set_tile(
                 &mut vram,
-                (x, y).into(),
+                (x, y),
                 &background_tile.tile_set(),
-                TileSetting::from_raw(background_tile.tile_index()),
+                background_tile.tile_setting(),
             );
         }
     }
 
     vram.remove_dynamic_tile(background_tile);
 
-    let mut renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 3u16).into());
+    let mut renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 3u16));
     let mut writer = renderer.writer(1, 2, &mut bg, &mut vram);
 
-    writeln!(&mut writer, "Hello, World!").unwrap();
+    writeln!(&mut writer, "Hello, World! こんにちは 世界").unwrap();
     writeln!(&mut writer, "This is a font rendering example").unwrap();
 
     writer.commit();
 
     bg.commit(&mut vram);
-    bg.show();
+    bg.set_visible(true);
 
     let mut frame = 0;
 
     loop {
-        let mut renderer = FONT.render_text((4u16, 0u16).into());
+        let mut renderer = FONT.render_text((4u16, 0u16));
         let mut writer = renderer.writer(1, 2, &mut bg, &mut vram);
 
         writeln!(&mut writer, "Frame {frame}").unwrap();

agb/examples/water_tiles.toml

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-version = "1.0"
-
-[image.water_tiles]
-filename = "water_tiles.png"
-tile_size = "8x8"

agb/examples/wave.rs

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ use agb::{
         tiled::{RegularBackgroundSize, TileFormat},
     },
     fixnum::FixedNum,
-    interrupt::{free, Interrupt},
+    interrupt::Interrupt,
 };
-use bare_metal::{CriticalSection, Mutex};
+use critical_section::{CriticalSection, Mutex};
 
 struct BackCosines {
     cosines: [u16; 32],
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
 
     let _a = unsafe {
         agb::interrupt::add_interrupt_handler(Interrupt::HBlank, |key: CriticalSection| {
-            let mut back = BACK.borrow(key).borrow_mut();
+            let mut back = BACK.borrow_ref_mut(key);
             let deflection = back.cosines[back.row % 32];
             ((0x0400_0010) as *mut u16).write_volatile(deflection);
             back.row += 1;
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ fn main(mut gba: agb::Gba) -> ! {
 
     loop {
         vblank.wait_for_vblank();
-        free(|key| {
-            let mut back = BACK.borrow(key).borrow_mut();
+        critical_section::with(|key| {
+            let mut back = BACK.borrow_ref_mut(key);
             back.row = 0;
             time += 1;
             for (r, a) in back.cosines.iter_mut().enumerate() {

agb/fnt/OFL.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+Copyright (c) 2021, TakWolf (https://takwolf.com),
+with Reserved Font Name 'Ark Pixel'.
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at:
+https://openfontlicense.org
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
+efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and
+open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership
+with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting,
+or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the
+Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a
+new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify,
+redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font
+Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components,
+in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding
+Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as
+presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created
+using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.

agb/src/agb_alloc/block_allocator.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 use core::alloc::{Allocator, GlobalAlloc, Layout};
 
 use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
-use core::convert::TryInto;
 use core::ptr::NonNull;
 
 use super::bump_allocator::{BumpAllocatorInner, StartEnd};
@@ -72,12 +71,6 @@ impl BlockAllocator {
         f(inner)
     }
 
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
-    pub unsafe fn number_of_blocks(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.with_inner(|inner| inner.number_of_blocks())
-    }
-
     pub unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> Option<NonNull<u8>> {
         self.with_inner(|inner| inner.alloc(layout))
     }
@@ -86,12 +79,6 @@ impl BlockAllocator {
         self.with_inner(|inner| inner.dealloc(ptr, layout));
     }
 
-    pub unsafe fn dealloc_no_normalise(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
-        self.with_inner(|inner| {
-            inner.dealloc_no_normalise(ptr, layout);
-        });
-    }
-
     pub unsafe fn grow(
         &self,
         ptr: *mut u8,
@@ -112,20 +99,6 @@ impl BlockAllocatorInner {
         }
     }
 
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
-    pub unsafe fn number_of_blocks(&mut self) -> u32 {
-        let mut count = 0;
-
-        let mut list_ptr = &mut self.state.first_free_block;
-        while let Some(mut current) = list_ptr {
-            count += 1;
-            list_ptr = &mut current.as_mut().next;
-        }
-
-        count
-    }
-
     /// Requests a brand new block from the inner bump allocator
     fn new_block(&mut self, layout: Layout) -> Option<NonNull<u8>> {
         let overall_layout = Block::either_layout(layout);
@@ -133,29 +106,25 @@ impl BlockAllocatorInner {
     }
 
     /// Merges blocks together to create a normalised list
-    unsafe fn normalise(&mut self) {
-        let mut list_ptr = &mut self.state.first_free_block;
-
-        while let Some(mut current) = list_ptr {
-            if let Some(next_elem) = current.as_mut().next {
-                let difference = next_elem
+    unsafe fn normalise(&mut self, point_to_normalise: *mut Block) {
+        unsafe fn normalise_block(block_to_normalise: &mut Block) {
+            if let Some(next_block) = block_to_normalise.next {
+                let difference = next_block
                     .as_ptr()
                     .cast::<u8>()
-                    .offset_from(current.as_ptr().cast::<u8>());
-                let usize_difference: usize = difference
-                    .try_into()
-                    .expect("distances in alloc'd blocks must be positive");
-
-                if usize_difference == current.as_mut().size {
-                    let current = current.as_mut();
-                    let next = next_elem.as_ref();
-
-                    current.size += next.size;
-                    current.next = next.next;
-                    continue;
+                    .offset_from((block_to_normalise as *mut Block).cast::<u8>());
+                if difference == block_to_normalise.size as isize {
+                    let next = next_block.as_ref();
+                    block_to_normalise.next = next.next;
+                    block_to_normalise.size += next.size;
+                    normalise_block(block_to_normalise);
                 }
             }
-            list_ptr = &mut current.as_mut().next;
+        }
+
+        normalise_block(&mut *point_to_normalise);
+        if let Some(mut next_block) = (*point_to_normalise).next {
+            normalise_block(next_block.as_mut());
         }
     }
 
@@ -279,8 +248,10 @@ impl BlockAllocatorInner {
     }
 
     pub unsafe fn dealloc(&mut self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
-        self.dealloc_no_normalise(ptr, layout);
-        self.normalise();
+        let point_to_normalise = self.dealloc_no_normalise(ptr, layout);
+        if let Some(block_to_normalise) = *point_to_normalise {
+            self.normalise(block_to_normalise.as_ptr());
+        }
     }
 
     /// Returns a reference to the pointer to the next block
@@ -305,11 +276,16 @@ impl BlockAllocatorInner {
         }
     }
 
-    pub unsafe fn dealloc_no_normalise(&mut self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
+    pub unsafe fn dealloc_no_normalise(
+        &mut self,
+        ptr: *mut u8,
+        layout: Layout,
+    ) -> *mut Option<SendNonNull<Block>> {
         let new_layout = Block::either_layout(layout).pad_to_align();
 
         // note that this is a reference to a pointer
         let mut list_ptr = &mut self.state.first_free_block;
+        let mut list_ptr_prev: *mut Option<SendNonNull<Block>> = list_ptr;
 
         // This searches the free list until it finds a block further along
         // than the block that is being freed. The newly freed block is then
@@ -327,6 +303,7 @@ impl BlockAllocatorInner {
                         *list_ptr = NonNull::new(ptr.cast()).map(SendNonNull);
                         break;
                     }
+                    list_ptr_prev = list_ptr;
                     list_ptr = &mut current_block.as_mut().next;
                 }
                 None => {
@@ -341,6 +318,8 @@ impl BlockAllocatorInner {
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        list_ptr_prev
     }
 }
 

agb/src/agb_alloc/bump_allocator.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
-use core::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout};
-use core::cell::RefCell;
+use core::alloc::Layout;
 use core::ptr::NonNull;
 
 use super::SendNonNull;
-use crate::interrupt::free;
-use bare_metal::Mutex;
 
 pub(crate) struct StartEnd {
     pub start: fn() -> usize,
@@ -16,10 +13,6 @@ pub(crate) struct BumpAllocatorInner {
     start_end: StartEnd,
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct BumpAllocator {
-    inner: Mutex<RefCell<BumpAllocatorInner>>,
-}
-
 impl BumpAllocatorInner {
     pub const fn new(start_end: StartEnd) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -58,20 +51,3 @@ impl BumpAllocatorInner {
         NonNull::new(resulting_ptr as *mut _)
     }
 }
-
-impl BumpAllocator {
-    fn alloc_safe(&self, layout: Layout) -> Option<NonNull<u8>> {
-        free(|key| self.inner.borrow(key).borrow_mut().alloc(layout))
-    }
-}
-
-unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for BumpAllocator {
-    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
-        match self.alloc_safe(layout) {
-            None => core::ptr::null_mut(),
-            Some(p) => p.as_ptr(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, _ptr: *mut u8, _layout: Layout) {}
-}

agb/src/agb_alloc/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use core::alloc::{Allocator, Layout};
 use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use core::ptr::NonNull;
 
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ unsafe impl<T> Send for SendNonNull<T> {}
 
 impl<T> Clone for SendNonNull<T> {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        SendNonNull(self.0)
+        *self
     }
 }
 impl<T> Copy for SendNonNull<T> {}
@@ -45,21 +44,27 @@ static GLOBAL_ALLOC: BlockAllocator = unsafe {
 
 macro_rules! impl_zst_allocator {
     ($name_of_struct: ty, $name_of_static: ident) => {
-        unsafe impl Allocator for $name_of_struct {
-            fn allocate(&self, layout: Layout) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, core::alloc::AllocError> {
+        unsafe impl core::alloc::Allocator for $name_of_struct {
+            fn allocate(
+                &self,
+                layout: core::alloc::Layout,
+            ) -> Result<core::ptr::NonNull<[u8]>, core::alloc::AllocError> {
                 $name_of_static.allocate(layout)
             }
 
-            unsafe fn deallocate(&self, ptr: NonNull<u8>, layout: Layout) {
+            unsafe fn deallocate(&self, ptr: core::ptr::NonNull<u8>, layout: core::alloc::Layout) {
                 $name_of_static.deallocate(ptr, layout)
             }
         }
     };
 }
 
-/// This is the allocator for the External Working Ram. This is currently
-/// equivalent to the Global Allocator (where things are allocated if no allocator is provided). This implements the allocator trait, so
-/// is meant to be used in specifying where certain structures should be
+pub(crate) use impl_zst_allocator;
+
+/// This is the allocator for the External Working Ram.
+///
+/// This is currently equivalent to the Global Allocator (where things are allocated if no allocator is provided).
+/// This implements the allocator trait, so is meant to be used in specifying where certain structures should be
 /// allocated.
 ///
 /// ```rust,no_run
@@ -115,29 +120,24 @@ static __IWRAM_ALLOC: BlockAllocator = unsafe {
     })
 };
 
-#[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
-pub(crate) unsafe fn number_of_blocks() -> u32 {
-    GLOBAL_ALLOC.number_of_blocks()
-}
-
 fn iwram_data_end() -> usize {
     extern "C" {
-        static __iwram_end: usize;
+        static __iwram_end: u8;
     }
 
-    // TODO: This seems completely wrong, but without the &, rust generates
-    // a double dereference :/. Maybe a bug in nightly?
-    (unsafe { &__iwram_end }) as *const _ as usize
+    // Symbols defined in the linker have an address *but no data or value*.
+    // As strange as this looks, they are only useful to take the address of.
+    core::ptr::addr_of!(__iwram_end) as usize
 }
 
 fn data_end() -> usize {
     extern "C" {
-        static __ewram_data_end: usize;
+        static __ewram_data_end: u8;
     }
 
-    // TODO: This seems completely wrong, but without the &, rust generates
-    // a double dereference :/. Maybe a bug in nightly?
-    (unsafe { &__ewram_data_end }) as *const _ as usize
+    // Symbols defined in the linker have an address *but no data or value*.
+    // As strange as this looks, they are only useful to take the address of.
+    core::ptr::addr_of!(__ewram_data_end) as usize
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

agb/src/agbabi/memcpy.s

@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
 ===============================================================================
 */
 
-.include "src/agbabi/macros.inc"
-
     .arm
 
     .section .iwram.__aeabi_memcpy, "ax", %progbits
@@ -32,14 +30,14 @@ __aeabi_memcpy:
     joaobapt_test r3
 
     // Copy byte head to align
-    ldrmib  r3, [r1], #1
-    strmib  r3, [r0], #1
+    ldrbmi  r3, [r1], #1
+    strbmi  r3, [r0], #1
     submi   r2, r2, #1
     // r0, r1 are now half aligned
 
     // Copy half head to align
-    ldrcsh  r3, [r1], #2
-    strcsh  r3, [r0], #2
+    ldrhcs  r3, [r1], #2
+    strhcs  r3, [r0], #2
     subcs   r2, r2, #2
     // r0, r1 are now word aligned
 
@@ -51,13 +49,13 @@ __aeabi_memcpy4:
     blt     .Lcopy_words
 
     // Word aligned, 32-byte copy
-    push    {r4-r10}
+    push    {{r4-r10}}
 .Lloop_32:
     subs    r2, r2, #32
-    ldmgeia r1!, {r3-r10}
-    stmgeia r0!, {r3-r10}
+    ldmiage r1!, {{r3-r10}}
+    stmiage r0!, {{r3-r10}}
     bgt     .Lloop_32
-    pop     {r4-r10}
+    pop     {{r4-r10}}
     bxeq    lr
 
     // < 32 bytes remaining to be copied
@@ -77,40 +75,40 @@ __aeabi_memcpy4:
     // This test still works when r2 is negative
     joaobapt_test r2
     // Copy half
-    ldrcsh  r3, [r1], #2
-    strcsh  r3, [r0], #2
+    ldrhcs  r3, [r1], #2
+    strhcs  r3, [r0], #2
     // Copy byte
-    ldrmib  r3, [r1]
-    strmib  r3, [r0]
+    ldrbmi  r3, [r1]
+    strbmi  r3, [r0]
     bx      lr
 
 .Lcopy_halves:
     // Copy byte head to align
     tst     r0, #1
-    ldrneb  r3, [r1], #1
-    strneb  r3, [r0], #1
+    ldrbne  r3, [r1], #1
+    strbne  r3, [r0], #1
     subne   r2, r2, #1
     // r0, r1 are now half aligned
 
     .global __agbabi_memcpy2
 __agbabi_memcpy2:
     subs    r2, r2, #2
-    ldrgeh  r3, [r1], #2
-    strgeh  r3, [r0], #2
+    ldrhge  r3, [r1], #2
+    strhge  r3, [r0], #2
     bgt     __agbabi_memcpy2
     bxeq    lr
 
     // Copy byte tail
     adds    r2, r2, #1
-    ldreqb  r3, [r1]
-    streqb  r3, [r0]
+    ldrbeq  r3, [r1]
+    strbeq  r3, [r0]
     bx      lr
 
     .global __agbabi_memcpy1
 __agbabi_memcpy1:
     subs    r2, r2, #1
-    ldrgeb  r3, [r1], #1
-    strgeb  r3, [r0], #1
+    ldrbge  r3, [r1], #1
+    strbge  r3, [r0], #1
     bgt     __agbabi_memcpy1
     bx      lr
 
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ __agbabi_memcpy1:
     .align 2
     .global memcpy
 memcpy:
-    push    {r0, lr}
+    push    {{r0, lr}}
     bl      __aeabi_memcpy
-    pop     {r0, lr}
+    pop     {{r0, lr}}
     bx      lr

agb/src/agbabi/memset.s

@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ __aeabi_memset:
     // JoaoBapt carry & sign bit test
     movs    r1, r1, lsl #31
     // Set byte and half
-    strmib  r2, [r0], #1
-    strcsb  r2, [r0], #1
-    strcsb  r2, [r0]
+    strbmi  r2, [r0], #1
+    strbcs  r2, [r0], #1
+    strbcs  r2, [r0]
     bx      lr
 
 .LskipShortHead:
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ __aeabi_memset:
     // JoaoBapt carry & sign bit test
     movs    r3, r3, lsl #31
     // Set half and byte head
-    strmib  r2, [r0], #1
+    strbmi  r2, [r0], #1
     submi   r1, r1, #1
-    strcsh  r2, [r0], #2
+    strhcs  r2, [r0], #2
     subcs   r1, r1, #2
     b       __agbabi_wordset4
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ __agbabi_wordset4:
     beq     .Lskip32
     lsl     r3, r12, #5
     sub     r1, r1, r3
-    push    {r4-r9}
+    push    {{r4-r9}}
     mov     r3, r2
     mov     r4, r2
     mov     r5, r2
@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ __agbabi_wordset4:
     mov     r8, r2
     mov     r9, r2
 .LsetWords8:
-    stmia   r0!, {r2-r9}
+    stmia   r0!, {{r2-r9}}
     subs    r12, r12, #1
     bne     .LsetWords8
-    pop     {r4-r9}
+    pop     {{r4-r9}}
 .Lskip32:
 
     // Set words
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ __agbabi_wordset4:
     // Set half and byte tail
     // JoaoBapt carry & sign bit test
     movs    r3, r1, lsl #31
-    strcsh  r2, [r0], #2
-    strmib  r2, [r0]
+    strhcs  r2, [r0], #2
+    strbmi  r2, [r0]
     bx      lr
 
     .section .iwram.memset, "ax", %progbits
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ memset:
     mov     r3, r1
     mov     r1, r2
     mov     r2, r3
-    push    {r0, lr}
+    push    {{r0, lr}}
     bl      __aeabi_memset
-    pop     {r0, lr}
+    pop     {{r0, lr}}
     bx      lr

agb/src/agbabi/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+use core::arch::global_asm;
+
+global_asm!(include_str!("macros.inc"));
+global_asm!(include_str!("memcpy.s"));
+global_asm!(include_str!("memset.s"));
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     mod memset {
@@ -148,7 +154,7 @@ mod test {
 
         #[test_case]
         fn test_all_of_memcpy(_gba: &mut Gba) {
-            let mut input = vec![0u8; 100];
+            let mut input = [0u8; 100];
             let mut output = vec![0u8; 100];
 
             for size in 0..80 {

agb/src/asm_include.s

@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
 .align 2
 .global \functionName
 .type \functionName, %function
-.func \functionName
+@ .func \functionName
 \functionName:
 .endm
 
 .macro agb_arm_end functionName:req
 .pool
 .size \functionName,.-\functionName
-.endfunc
+@ .endfunc
 .endm
 
 .macro agb_thumb_func functionName:req
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
 .align 1
 .global \functionName
 .type \functionName, %function
-.func \functionName
+@ .func \functionName
 \functionName:
 .endm
 
 .macro agb_thumb_end functionName:req
 .pool
 .size \functionName,.-\functionName
-.endfunc
+@ .endfunc
 .endm

agb/src/backtrace.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+use core::{arch::asm, ops::Index};
+
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+// only works for code compiled as THUMB
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
+struct Context {
+    registers: [u32; 11],
+}
+
+pub struct Frames {
+    frames: Vec<u32>,
+}
+
+#[allow(unused)]
+enum Register {
+    R0,
+    R1,
+    R2,
+    R3,
+    R4,
+    R5,
+    R6,
+    FP,
+    SP,
+    LR,
+    PC,
+}
+
+impl Index<Register> for Context {
+    type Output = u32;
+
+    fn index(&self, index: Register) -> &Self::Output {
+        &self.registers[index as usize]
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline(never)]
+pub(crate) fn unwind_exception() -> Frames {
+    let mut context = Context::default();
+
+    unsafe {
+        let context_ptr = (&mut context) as *mut _;
+
+        asm!(
+            "
+            str r0, [r0, #0x00]
+            str r1, [r0, #0x04]
+            str r2, [r0, #0x08]
+            str r3, [r0, #0x0C]
+            str r4, [r0, #0x10]
+            str r5, [r0, #0x14]
+            str r6, [r0, #0x18]
+            str r7, [r0, #0x1C]
+            mov r7, sp
+            str r7, [r0, #0x20]
+            mov r7, lr
+            str r7, [r0, #0x24]
+            mov r7, pc
+            str r7, [r0, #0x28]
+            ldr r7, [r0, #0x1C]
+            ",
+            in("r0") context_ptr
+        );
+    }
+
+    let mut frame_pointer = context[Register::FP];
+
+    let mut frames = Vec::new();
+
+    loop {
+        let sp = unsafe { *(frame_pointer as *const u32) };
+        let lr = unsafe { *((frame_pointer as *const u32).add(1)) };
+
+        if sp == 0 {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // need to subtract 2 here since the link register points to the _next_ instruction
+        // to execute, not the one that is being branched from which is the one we care about
+        // in the stack trace.
+        frames.push(lr - 2);
+
+        frame_pointer = sp;
+    }
+
+    Frames { frames }
+}
+
+impl core::fmt::Display for Frames {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        for frame in &self.frames {
+            if frame & 0xFFFF_0000 == 0x0800_0000 {
+                let frame = *frame as u16; // intentionally truncate
+                let frame_encoded = gwilym_encoding::encode_16(frame);
+                let frame_str = unsafe { core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&frame_encoded) };
+
+                write!(f, "{frame_str}")?;
+            } else {
+                let frame_encoded = gwilym_encoding::encode_32(*frame);
+                let frame_str = unsafe { core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&frame_encoded) };
+
+                write!(f, "{frame_str}")?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        write!(f, "v1")
+    }
+}
+
+mod gwilym_encoding {
+    static ALPHABET: &[u8] = b"0123456789=ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+
+    pub fn encode_16(input: u16) -> [u8; 3] {
+        let input = input as usize;
+        [
+            ALPHABET[input >> (16 - 5)],
+            ALPHABET[(input >> (16 - 10)) & 0b11111],
+            ALPHABET[input & 0b111111],
+        ]
+    }
+
+    pub fn encode_32(input: u32) -> [u8; 6] {
+        let input = input as usize;
+        let output_lower_16 = encode_16(input as u16);
+        let input_upper_16 = input >> 16;
+        [
+            ALPHABET[(input_upper_16 >> (16 - 5)) | (1 << 5)],
+            ALPHABET[(input_upper_16 >> (16 - 10)) & 0b11111],
+            ALPHABET[input_upper_16 & 0b111111],
+            output_lower_16[0],
+            output_lower_16[1],
+            output_lower_16[2],
+        ]
+    }
+}

agb/src/display/affine.rs

@@ -81,10 +81,7 @@
 //! # }
 //! ```
 
-use core::{
-    convert::TryFrom,
-    ops::{Mul, MulAssign},
-};
+use core::ops::{Mul, MulAssign};
 
 use agb_fixnum::{Num, Vector2D};
 
@@ -93,13 +90,20 @@ type AffineMatrixElement = Num<i32, 8>;
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 /// An affine matrix stored in a way that is efficient for the GBA to perform
 /// operations on. This implements multiplication.
+///
+/// ```txt
+/// a b x
+/// c d y
+/// 0 0 0
+/// ```
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub struct AffineMatrix {
-    a: AffineMatrixElement,
-    b: AffineMatrixElement,
-    c: AffineMatrixElement,
-    d: AffineMatrixElement,
-    x: AffineMatrixElement,
-    y: AffineMatrixElement,
+    pub a: AffineMatrixElement,
+    pub b: AffineMatrixElement,
+    pub c: AffineMatrixElement,
+    pub d: AffineMatrixElement,
+    pub x: AffineMatrixElement,
+    pub y: AffineMatrixElement,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -298,15 +302,15 @@ impl AffineMatrixBackground {
     /// # }
     /// ```
     pub fn from_scale_rotation_position(
-        transform_origin: Vector2D<Num<i32, 8>>,
-        scale: Vector2D<Num<i32, 8>>,
+        transform_origin: impl Into<Vector2D<Num<i32, 8>>>,
+        scale: impl Into<Vector2D<Num<i32, 8>>>,
         rotation: Num<i32, 16>,
-        position: Vector2D<Num<i32, 8>>,
+        position: impl Into<Vector2D<i16>>,
     ) -> Self {
         crate::syscall::bg_affine_matrix(
-            transform_origin,
-            position.try_change_base::<i16, 8>().unwrap().floor(),
-            scale.try_change_base().unwrap(),
+            transform_origin.into(),
+            position.into(),
+            scale.into().try_change_base().unwrap(),
             rotation.rem_euclid(1.into()).try_change_base().unwrap(),
         )
     }
@@ -321,11 +325,17 @@ impl From<AffineMatrixBackground> for AffineMatrix {
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 #[repr(C, packed(4))]
 /// An affine matrix that can be used in affine objects
+///
+/// ```txt
+/// a b
+/// c d
+/// ```
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub struct AffineMatrixObject {
-    a: Num<i16, 8>,
-    b: Num<i16, 8>,
-    c: Num<i16, 8>,
-    d: Num<i16, 8>,
+    pub a: Num<i16, 8>,
+    pub b: Num<i16, 8>,
+    pub c: Num<i16, 8>,
+    pub d: Num<i16, 8>,
 }
 
 impl Default for AffineMatrixObject {

agb/src/display/bitmap3.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use super::{
     set_graphics_mode, set_graphics_settings, DisplayMode, GraphicsSettings, HEIGHT, WIDTH,
 };
 
-use core::{convert::TryInto, marker::PhantomData};
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
 const BITMAP_MODE_3: MemoryMapped2DArray<u16, { WIDTH as usize }, { HEIGHT as usize }> =
     unsafe { MemoryMapped2DArray::new(0x600_0000) };
@@ -30,4 +30,19 @@ impl Bitmap3<'_> {
         let y = y.try_into().unwrap();
         BITMAP_MODE_3.set(x, y, colour);
     }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn read_point(&self, x: i32, y: i32) -> u16 {
+        let x = x.try_into().unwrap();
+        let y = y.try_into().unwrap();
+        BITMAP_MODE_3.get(x, y)
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&mut self, colour: u16) {
+        for y in 0..(HEIGHT as usize) {
+            for x in 0..(WIDTH as usize) {
+                BITMAP_MODE_3.set(x, y, colour);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

agb/src/display/bitmap4.rs

@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ impl Bitmap4<'_> {
 
         let c = addr.get(x_in_screen, y_in_screen);
         if x & 0b1 != 0 {
-            addr.set(x_in_screen, y_in_screen, c | u16::from(colour) << 8);
+            addr.set(x_in_screen, y_in_screen, c & 0xff | u16::from(colour) << 8);
         } else {
-            addr.set(x_in_screen, y_in_screen, c | u16::from(colour));
+            addr.set(x_in_screen, y_in_screen, c & 0xff00 | u16::from(colour));
         }
     }
 
@@ -88,4 +88,64 @@ impl Bitmap4<'_> {
         let swapped = display ^ GraphicsSettings::PAGE_SELECT.bits();
         DISPLAY_CONTROL.set(swapped);
     }
+
+    /// Draws 2-pixel wide point on the non-current page at (x, y) coordinates with colour
+    /// index whose colour is specified in the background palette. Panics if (x,
+    /// y) is out of the bounds of the screen.
+    pub fn draw_wide_point(&mut self, x: i32, y: i32, colour: u8) {
+        let display = DISPLAY_CONTROL.get();
+
+        // get other page
+        let page = if display & GraphicsSettings::PAGE_SELECT.bits() != 0 {
+            Page::Front
+        } else {
+            Page::Back
+        };
+
+        self.draw_wide_point_page(x, y, colour, page);
+    }
+
+    /// Draws 2-pixel wide point on specified page at (x, y) coordinates with colour index
+    /// whose colour is specified in the background palette. Panics if (x, y) is
+    /// out of the bounds of the screen.
+    pub fn draw_wide_point_page(&mut self, x: i32, y: i32, colour: u8, page: Page) {
+        let addr = match page {
+            Page::Front => BITMAP_PAGE_FRONT_MODE_4,
+            Page::Back => BITMAP_PAGE_BACK_MODE_4,
+        };
+
+        let x_in_screen = (x / 2) as usize;
+        let y_in_screen = y as usize;
+        let c = u16::from(colour);
+        addr.set(x_in_screen, y_in_screen, c << 8 | c);
+    }
+
+    /// Fills specified page with color.
+    pub fn clear_page(&mut self, colour: u8, page: Page) {
+        let addr = match page {
+            Page::Front => BITMAP_PAGE_FRONT_MODE_4,
+            Page::Back => BITMAP_PAGE_BACK_MODE_4,
+        };
+
+        let c = u16::from(colour);
+
+        for x in 0..(WIDTH / 2) as usize {
+            for y in 0..(HEIGHT as usize) {
+                addr.set(x, y, c << 8 | c);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Fills non-current page with color.
+    pub fn clear(&mut self, colour: u8) {
+        let display = DISPLAY_CONTROL.get();
+        // get other page
+        let page = if display & GraphicsSettings::PAGE_SELECT.bits() != 0 {
+            Page::Front
+        } else {
+            Page::Back
+        };
+
+        self.clear_page(colour, page);
+    }
 }

agb/src/display/blend.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pub struct BlendLayer<'blend, 'gba> {
     layer: Layer,
 }
 
-impl<'gba> BlendLayer<'_, 'gba> {
+impl BlendLayer<'_, '_> {
     /// Set whether a background is enabled for blending on this layer.
     pub fn set_background_enable(&mut self, background: BackgroundID, enable: bool) -> &mut Self {
         self.blend

agb/src/display/example_logo.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
-use super::tiled::{RegularMap, TileFormat, TileSet, TileSetting, TiledMap, VRamManager};
+use super::tiled::{RegularMap, TiledMap, VRamManager};
 
-crate::include_background_gfx!(crate, agb_logo, test_logo => "gfx/test_logo.png");
+crate::include_background_gfx!(crate, agb_logo, test_logo => deduplicate "gfx/test_logo.png");
+crate::include_background_gfx!(crate, agb_logo_basic, test_logo => deduplicate "gfx/test_logo_basic.png");
 
 pub fn display_logo(map: &mut RegularMap, vram: &mut VRamManager) {
     vram.set_background_palettes(agb_logo::PALETTES);
 
-    let background_tilemap = TileSet::new(agb_logo::test_logo.tiles, TileFormat::FourBpp);
-
-    for y in 0..20 {
-        for x in 0..30 {
-            let tile_id = y * 30 + x;
-
-            let palette_entry = agb_logo::test_logo.palette_assignments[tile_id as usize];
-            let tile_setting = TileSetting::new(tile_id, false, false, palette_entry);
-
-            map.set_tile(vram, (x, y).into(), &background_tilemap, tile_setting);
-        }
-    }
+    map.fill_with(vram, &agb_logo::test_logo);
 
     map.commit(vram);
-    map.show();
+    map.set_visible(true);
+}
+
+pub fn display_logo_basic(map: &mut RegularMap, vram: &mut VRamManager) {
+    vram.set_background_palettes(agb_logo_basic::PALETTES);
+
+    map.fill_with(vram, &agb_logo_basic::test_logo);
+
+    map.commit(vram);
+    map.set_visible(true);
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut map = gfx.background(
             Priority::P0,
             RegularBackgroundSize::Background32x32,
-            TileFormat::FourBpp,
+            agb_logo::test_logo.tiles.format(),
         );
 
         display_logo(&mut map, &mut vram);

agb/src/display/font.rs

@@ -3,38 +3,63 @@ use core::fmt::{Error, Write};
 use crate::fixnum::Vector2D;
 use crate::hash_map::HashMap;
 
-use super::tiled::{DynamicTile, RegularMap, TileSetting, VRamManager};
+use super::tiled::{DynamicTile, RegularMap, VRamManager};
 
 /// The text renderer renders a variable width fixed size
 /// bitmap font using dynamic tiles as a rendering surface.
 /// Does not support any unicode features.
 /// For usage see the `text_render.rs` example
 pub struct FontLetter {
-    width: u8,
-    height: u8,
-    data: &'static [u8],
-    xmin: i8,
-    ymin: i8,
-    advance_width: u8,
+    pub(crate) character: char,
+    pub(crate) width: u8,
+    pub(crate) height: u8,
+    pub(crate) data: &'static [u8],
+    pub(crate) xmin: i8,
+    pub(crate) ymin: i8,
+    pub(crate) advance_width: u8,
+    kerning_amounts: &'static [(char, i8)],
 }
 
 impl FontLetter {
     #[must_use]
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] // only used in macro
     pub const fn new(
+        character: char,
         width: u8,
         height: u8,
         data: &'static [u8],
         xmin: i8,
         ymin: i8,
         advance_width: u8,
+        kerning_amounts: &'static [(char, i8)],
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
+            character,
             width,
             height,
             data,
             xmin,
             ymin,
             advance_width,
+            kerning_amounts,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) const fn bit_absolute(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> bool {
+        let position = x + y * self.width as usize;
+        let byte = self.data[position / 8];
+        let bit = position % 8;
+        ((byte >> bit) & 1) != 0
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn kerning_amount(&self, previous_char: char) -> i32 {
+        if let Ok(index) = self
+            .kerning_amounts
+            .binary_search_by_key(&previous_char, |kerning_data| kerning_data.0)
+        {
+            self.kerning_amounts[index].1 as i32
+        } else {
+            0
         }
     }
 }
@@ -55,20 +80,36 @@ impl Font {
         }
     }
 
-    fn letter(&self, letter: char) -> &'static FontLetter {
-        &self.letters[letter as usize]
+    pub(crate) fn letter(&self, letter: char) -> &'static FontLetter {
+        let letter = self
+            .letters
+            .binary_search_by_key(&letter, |letter| letter.character);
+
+        match letter {
+            Ok(index) => &self.letters[index],
+            Err(_) => &self.letters[0],
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn ascent(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.ascent
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn line_height(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.line_height
     }
 }
 
 impl Font {
     #[must_use]
     /// Create renderer starting at the given tile co-ordinates.
-    pub fn render_text(&self, tile_pos: Vector2D<u16>) -> TextRenderer<'_> {
+    pub fn render_text(&self, tile_pos: impl Into<Vector2D<u16>>) -> TextRenderer<'_> {
         TextRenderer {
             current_x_pos: 0,
             current_y_pos: 0,
+            previous_character: None,
             font: self,
-            tile_pos,
+            tile_pos: tile_pos.into(),
             tiles: Default::default(),
         }
     }
@@ -78,6 +119,7 @@ impl Font {
 pub struct TextRenderer<'a> {
     current_x_pos: i32,
     current_y_pos: i32,
+    previous_character: Option<char>,
     font: &'a Font,
     tile_pos: Vector2D<u16>,
     tiles: HashMap<(i32, i32), DynamicTile<'a>>,
@@ -93,7 +135,7 @@ pub struct TextWriter<'a, 'b> {
     bg: &'a mut RegularMap,
 }
 
-impl<'a, 'b> Write for TextWriter<'a, 'b> {
+impl Write for TextWriter<'_, '_> {
     fn write_str(&mut self, text: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
         for c in text.chars() {
             self.text_renderer.write_char(
@@ -108,7 +150,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> Write for TextWriter<'a, 'b> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, 'b> TextWriter<'a, 'b> {
+impl TextWriter<'_, '_> {
     pub fn commit(self) {
         self.text_renderer.commit(self.bg, self.vram_manager);
     }
@@ -213,9 +255,9 @@ impl<'a, 'b> TextRenderer<'b> {
         for ((x, y), tile) in self.tiles.iter() {
             bg.set_tile(
                 vram_manager,
-                (self.tile_pos.x + *x as u16, self.tile_pos.y + *y as u16).into(),
+                (self.tile_pos.x + *x as u16, self.tile_pos.y + *y as u16),
                 &tile.tile_set(),
-                TileSetting::from_raw(tile.tile_index()),
+                tile.tile_setting(),
             );
         }
     }
@@ -233,6 +275,12 @@ impl<'a, 'b> TextRenderer<'b> {
             self.current_x_pos = 0;
         } else {
             let letter = self.font.letter(c);
+
+            if let Some(previous_character) = self.previous_character {
+                self.current_x_pos += letter.kerning_amount(previous_character);
+            }
+            self.previous_character = Some(c);
+
             self.render_letter(letter, vram_manager, foreground_colour, background_colour);
             self.current_x_pos += i32::from(letter.advance_width);
         }
@@ -254,7 +302,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> TextRenderer<'b> {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::display::tiled::{TileFormat, TiledMap};
-    const FONT: Font = crate::include_font!("examples/font/yoster.ttf", 12);
+    static FONT: Font = crate::include_font!("examples/font/yoster.ttf", 12);
 
     #[test_case]
     fn font_display(gba: &mut crate::Gba) {
@@ -277,16 +325,16 @@ mod tests {
             for x in 0..30u16 {
                 bg.set_tile(
                     &mut vram,
-                    (x, y).into(),
+                    (x, y),
                     &background_tile.tile_set(),
-                    TileSetting::from_raw(background_tile.tile_index()),
+                    background_tile.tile_setting(),
                 );
             }
         }
 
         vram.remove_dynamic_tile(background_tile);
 
-        let mut renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 3u16).into());
+        let mut renderer = FONT.render_text((0u16, 3u16));
 
         // Test twice to ensure that clearing works
         for _ in 0..2 {
@@ -299,14 +347,14 @@ mod tests {
             writeln!(&mut writer, "World!").unwrap();
             writer.commit();
             bg.commit(&mut vram);
-            bg.show();
+            bg.set_visible(true);
 
             // Test writing with same renderer after showing background
             let mut writer = renderer.writer(1, 2, &mut bg, &mut vram);
             writeln!(&mut writer, "This is a font rendering example").unwrap();
             writer.commit();
             bg.commit(&mut vram);
-            bg.show();
+            bg.set_visible(true);
 
             crate::test_runner::assert_image_output("examples/font/font-test-output.png");
             renderer.clear(&mut vram);

agb/src/display/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use crate::memory_mapped::MemoryMapped;
+
+use bilge::prelude::*;
 use bitflags::bitflags;
 
-use modular_bitfield::BitfieldSpecifier;
 use video::Video;
 
 use self::{
@@ -150,7 +151,6 @@ unsafe fn set_graphics_settings(settings: GraphicsSettings) {
     DISPLAY_CONTROL.set(s);
 }
 
-#[allow(non_snake_case)]
 /// Waits until vblank using a busy wait loop, this should almost never be used.
 /// I only say almost because whilst I don't believe there to be a reason to use
 /// this I can't rule it out.
@@ -159,8 +159,14 @@ pub fn busy_wait_for_vblank() {
     while VCOUNT.get() < 160 {}
 }
 
-#[derive(BitfieldSpecifier, Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+/// The priority of a background layer or object. A higher priority should be
+/// thought of as rendering first, and so is behind that of a lower priority.
+/// For an equal priority background layer and object, the background has a
+/// higher priority and therefore is behind the object.
+#[bitsize(2)]
+#[derive(FromBits, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
 pub enum Priority {
+    #[default]
     P0 = 0,
     P1 = 1,
     P2 = 2,

agb/src/display/object.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 //! harder to integrate into your games depending on how they are architectured.
 
 mod affine;
+mod font;
 mod managed;
 mod sprites;
 mod unmanaged;
@@ -20,7 +21,11 @@ pub use sprites::{
 
 pub use affine::AffineMatrixInstance;
 pub use managed::{OamManaged, Object};
-pub use unmanaged::{AffineMode, OamIterator, OamSlot, OamUnmanaged, ObjectUnmanaged};
+pub use unmanaged::{
+    AffineMode, GraphicsMode, OamIterator, OamSlot, OamUnmanaged, ObjectUnmanaged,
+};
+
+pub use font::{ChangeColour, ObjectTextRender, TextAlignment};
 
 use super::DISPLAY_CONTROL;
 

agb/src/display/object/affine.rs

@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@ struct AffineMatrixData {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct AffineMatrixVram(Rc<AffineMatrixData>);
 
-/// An affine matrix that can be used on objects. It is just in time copied to
-/// vram, so you can have as many as you like of these but you can only use up
-/// to 16 in one frame. They are reference counted (Cloning is cheap) and
-/// immutable, if you want to change a matrix you must make a new one and set it
+/// An affine matrix that can be used on objects.
+///
+/// It is just in time copied to vram, so you can have as many as you like
+/// of these but you can only use up to 16 in one frame. They are reference
+/// counted (Cloning is cheap) and immutable, if you want to change a matrix
+/// you must make a new one and set it
 /// on all your objects.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct AffineMatrixInstance {

agb/src/display/object/font.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+use core::fmt::{Display, Write};
+
+use agb_fixnum::{Num, Vector2D};
+use alloc::{collections::VecDeque, vec::Vec};
+
+use crate::display::Font;
+
+use self::{
+    preprocess::{Line, Preprocessed, PreprocessedElement},
+    renderer::{Configuration, WordRender},
+};
+
+use super::{OamIterator, ObjectUnmanaged, PaletteVram, Size, SpriteVram};
+
+mod preprocess;
+mod renderer;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub(crate) enum WhiteSpace {
+    NewLine,
+    Space,
+}
+
+impl WhiteSpace {
+    pub(crate) fn from_char(c: char) -> Self {
+        match c {
+            ' ' => WhiteSpace::Space,
+            '\n' => WhiteSpace::NewLine,
+            _ => panic!("char not supported whitespace"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct BufferedRender<'font> {
+    char_render: WordRender,
+    preprocessor: Preprocessed,
+    buffered_chars: VecDeque<char>,
+    letters: Letters,
+    font: &'font Font,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct Letters {
+    letters: VecDeque<SpriteVram>,
+    number_of_groups: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+/// The text alignment of the layout
+pub enum TextAlignment {
+    #[default]
+    /// Left aligned, the left edge of the text lines up
+    Left,
+    /// Right aligned, the right edge of the text lines up
+    Right,
+    /// Center aligned, the center of the text lines up
+    Center,
+    /// Justified, both the left and right edges line up with space width adapted to make it so.
+    Justify,
+}
+
+struct TextAlignmentSettings {
+    space_width: Num<i32, 10>,
+    start_x: i32,
+}
+
+impl TextAlignment {
+    fn settings(self, line: &Line, minimum_space_width: i32, width: i32) -> TextAlignmentSettings {
+        match self {
+            TextAlignment::Left => TextAlignmentSettings {
+                space_width: minimum_space_width.into(),
+                start_x: 0,
+            },
+            TextAlignment::Right => TextAlignmentSettings {
+                space_width: minimum_space_width.into(),
+                start_x: width - line.width(),
+            },
+            TextAlignment::Center => TextAlignmentSettings {
+                space_width: minimum_space_width.into(),
+                start_x: (width - line.width()) / 2,
+            },
+            TextAlignment::Justify => {
+                let space_width = if line.number_of_spaces() != 0 {
+                    Num::new(
+                        width - line.width() + line.number_of_spaces() as i32 * minimum_space_width,
+                    ) / line.number_of_spaces() as i32
+                } else {
+                    minimum_space_width.into()
+                };
+                TextAlignmentSettings {
+                    space_width,
+                    start_x: 0,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'font> BufferedRender<'font> {
+    #[must_use]
+    fn new(font: &'font Font, sprite_size: Size, palette: PaletteVram) -> Self {
+        let config = Configuration::new(sprite_size, palette);
+        BufferedRender {
+            char_render: WordRender::new(config),
+            preprocessor: Preprocessed::new(),
+            buffered_chars: VecDeque::new(),
+            letters: Default::default(),
+            font,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_private_use(c: char) -> bool {
+    ('\u{E000}'..'\u{F8FF}').contains(&c)
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+/// Changes the palette to use to draw characters.
+/// ```rust,no_run
+/// # #![no_std]
+/// # #![no_main]
+/// use agb::display::object::{ObjectTextRender, PaletteVram, ChangeColour, Size};
+/// use agb::display::palette16::Palette16;
+/// use agb::display::Font;
+///
+/// use core::fmt::Write;
+///
+/// static EXAMPLE_FONT: Font = agb::include_font!("examples/font/yoster.ttf", 12);
+///
+/// # fn foo() {
+/// let mut palette = [0x0; 16];
+/// palette[1] = 0xFF_FF;
+/// palette[2] = 0x00_FF;
+/// let palette = Palette16::new(palette);
+/// let palette = PaletteVram::new(&palette).unwrap();
+/// let mut writer = ObjectTextRender::new(&EXAMPLE_FONT, Size::S16x16, palette);
+///
+/// let _ = writeln!(writer, "Hello, {}World{}!", ChangeColour::new(2), ChangeColour::new(1));
+/// # }
+/// ```
+pub struct ChangeColour(u8);
+
+impl ChangeColour {
+    #[must_use]
+    /// Creates the colour changer. Colour is a palette index and must be in the range 0..16.
+    pub fn new(colour: usize) -> Self {
+        assert!(colour < 16, "paletted colour must be valid (0..=15)");
+
+        Self(colour as u8)
+    }
+
+    fn try_from_char(c: char) -> Option<Self> {
+        let c = c as u32 as usize;
+        if (0xE000..0xE000 + 16).contains(&c) {
+            Some(ChangeColour::new(c - 0xE000))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn to_char(self) -> char {
+        char::from_u32(self.0 as u32 + 0xE000).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for ChangeColour {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        f.write_char(self.to_char())
+    }
+}
+
+impl BufferedRender<'_> {
+    fn input_character(&mut self, character: char) {
+        if !is_private_use(character) {
+            self.preprocessor
+                .add_character(self.font, character, self.char_render.sprite_width());
+        }
+        self.buffered_chars.push_back(character);
+    }
+
+    fn process(&mut self) {
+        let Some(c) = self.buffered_chars.pop_front() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        match c {
+            ' ' | '\n' => {
+                if let Some(group) = self.char_render.finalise_letter() {
+                    self.letters.letters.push_back(group);
+                    self.letters.number_of_groups += 1;
+                }
+
+                self.letters.number_of_groups += 1;
+            }
+            letter => {
+                if let Some(group) = self.char_render.render_char(self.font, letter) {
+                    self.letters.letters.push_back(group);
+                    self.letters.number_of_groups += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The object text renderer. Uses objects to render and layout text. It's use is non trivial.
+/// Changes the palette to use to draw characters.
+/// ```rust,no_run
+/// #![no_std]
+/// #![no_main]
+/// use agb::display::object::{ObjectTextRender, PaletteVram, TextAlignment, Size};
+/// use agb::display::palette16::Palette16;
+/// use agb::display::{Font, WIDTH};
+///
+/// use core::fmt::Write;
+///
+/// static EXAMPLE_FONT: Font = agb::include_font!("examples/font/yoster.ttf", 12);
+///
+/// #[agb::entry]
+/// fn main(gba: &mut agb::Gba) -> ! {
+///     let (mut unmanaged, _) = gba.display.object.get_unmanaged();
+///     let vblank = agb::interrupt::VBlank::get();
+///
+///     let mut palette = [0x0; 16];
+///     palette[1] = 0xFF_FF;
+///     let palette = Palette16::new(palette);
+///     let palette = PaletteVram::new(&palette).unwrap();
+///
+///     let mut writer = ObjectTextRender::new(&EXAMPLE_FONT, Size::S16x16, palette);
+///
+///     let _ = writeln!(writer, "Hello, World!");
+///     writer.layout((WIDTH, 40), TextAlignment::Left, 2);
+///
+///     loop {
+///         writer.next_letter_group();
+///         writer.update((0, 0));
+///         vblank.wait_for_vblank();
+///         let oam = &mut unmanaged.iter();
+///         writer.commit(oam);
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub struct ObjectTextRender<'font> {
+    buffer: BufferedRender<'font>,
+    layout: LayoutCache,
+    number_of_objects: usize,
+}
+
+impl<'font> ObjectTextRender<'font> {
+    #[must_use]
+    /// Creates a new text renderer with a given font, sprite size, and palette.
+    /// You must ensure that the sprite size can accomodate the letters from the
+    /// font otherwise it will panic at render time.
+    pub fn new(font: &'font Font, sprite_size: Size, palette: PaletteVram) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            buffer: BufferedRender::new(font, sprite_size, palette),
+            number_of_objects: 0,
+            layout: LayoutCache {
+                positions: VecDeque::new(),
+                line_capacity: VecDeque::new(),
+                objects: Vec::new(),
+                objects_are_at_origin: (0, 0).into(),
+                area: (0, 0).into(),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Write for ObjectTextRender<'_> {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        for c in s.chars() {
+            self.buffer.input_character(c);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ObjectTextRender<'_> {
+    /// Commits work already done to screen. You can commit to multiple places in the same frame.
+    pub fn commit(&mut self, oam: &mut OamIterator) {
+        for (object, slot) in self.layout.objects.iter().zip(oam) {
+            slot.set(object);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Force a relayout, must be called after writing.
+    pub fn layout(
+        &mut self,
+        area: impl Into<Vector2D<i32>>,
+        alignment: TextAlignment,
+        paragraph_spacing: i32,
+    ) {
+        self.layout.create_positions(
+            self.buffer.font,
+            &self.buffer.preprocessor,
+            &LayoutSettings {
+                area: area.into(),
+                alignment,
+                paragraph_spacing,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Removes one complete line. Returns whether a line could be removed. You must call [`update`][ObjectTextRender::update] after this
+    pub fn pop_line(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let width = self.layout.area.x;
+        let space = self.buffer.font.letter(' ').advance_width as i32;
+        let line_height = self.buffer.font.line_height();
+        if let Some(line) = self.buffer.preprocessor.lines(width, space).next() {
+            // there is a line
+            if self.layout.objects.len() >= line.number_of_letter_groups() {
+                // we have enough rendered letter groups to count
+                self.number_of_objects -= line.number_of_letter_groups();
+                for _ in 0..line.number_of_letter_groups() {
+                    self.buffer.letters.letters.pop_front();
+                    self.layout.positions.pop_front();
+                }
+                self.layout.line_capacity.pop_front();
+                self.layout.objects.clear();
+                self.buffer.preprocessor.pop(&line);
+                for position in self.layout.positions.iter_mut() {
+                    position.y -= line_height as i16;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    /// Updates the internal state of the number of letters to write and popped
+    /// line. Should be called in the same frame as and after
+    /// [`next_letter_group`][ObjectTextRender::next_letter_group], [`next_line`][ObjectTextRender::next_line], and [`pop_line`][ObjectTextRender::pop_line].
+    pub fn update(&mut self, position: impl Into<Vector2D<i32>>) {
+        if !self.buffer.buffered_chars.is_empty()
+            && self.buffer.letters.letters.len() <= self.number_of_objects + 5
+        {
+            self.buffer.process();
+        }
+
+        self.layout.update_objects_to_display_at_position(
+            position.into(),
+            self.buffer.letters.letters.iter(),
+            self.number_of_objects,
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Causes the next letter group to be shown on the next update. Returns
+    /// whether another letter could be added in the space given.
+    pub fn next_letter_group(&mut self) -> bool {
+        if !self.can_render_another_element() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.number_of_objects += 1;
+        self.at_least_n_letter_groups(self.number_of_objects);
+
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn can_render_another_element(&self) -> bool {
+        let max_number_of_lines = (self.layout.area.y / self.buffer.font.line_height()) as usize;
+
+        let max_number_of_objects = self
+            .layout
+            .line_capacity
+            .iter()
+            .take(max_number_of_lines)
+            .sum::<usize>();
+
+        max_number_of_objects > self.number_of_objects
+    }
+
+    /// Causes the next line to be shown on the next update. Returns
+    /// whether another line could be added in the space given.
+    pub fn next_line(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let max_number_of_lines = (self.layout.area.y / self.buffer.font.line_height()) as usize;
+
+        // find current line
+
+        for (start, end) in self
+            .layout
+            .line_capacity
+            .iter()
+            .scan(0, |count, line_size| {
+                let start = *count;
+                *count += line_size;
+                Some((start, *count))
+            })
+            .take(max_number_of_lines)
+        {
+            if self.number_of_objects >= start && self.number_of_objects < end {
+                self.number_of_objects = end;
+                self.at_least_n_letter_groups(end);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn at_least_n_letter_groups(&mut self, n: usize) {
+        while !self.buffer.buffered_chars.is_empty() && self.buffer.letters.letters.len() <= n {
+            self.buffer.process();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct LayoutCache {
+    positions: VecDeque<Vector2D<i16>>,
+    line_capacity: VecDeque<usize>,
+    objects: Vec<ObjectUnmanaged>,
+    objects_are_at_origin: Vector2D<i32>,
+    area: Vector2D<i32>,
+}
+
+impl LayoutCache {
+    fn update_objects_to_display_at_position<'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        position: Vector2D<i32>,
+        letters: impl Iterator<Item = &'a SpriteVram>,
+        number_of_objects: usize,
+    ) {
+        let already_done = if position == self.objects_are_at_origin {
+            self.objects.len()
+        } else {
+            self.objects.clear();
+            0
+        };
+        self.objects.extend(
+            self.positions
+                .iter()
+                .zip(letters)
+                .take(number_of_objects)
+                .skip(already_done)
+                .map(|(offset, letter)| {
+                    let position = offset.change_base() + position;
+                    let mut object = ObjectUnmanaged::new(letter.clone());
+                    object.show().set_position(position);
+                    object
+                }),
+        );
+        self.objects.truncate(number_of_objects);
+        self.objects_are_at_origin = position;
+    }
+
+    fn create_positions(
+        &mut self,
+        font: &Font,
+        preprocessed: &Preprocessed,
+        settings: &LayoutSettings,
+    ) {
+        self.area = settings.area;
+        self.line_capacity.clear();
+        self.positions.clear();
+        for (line, line_positions) in Self::create_layout(font, preprocessed, settings) {
+            self.line_capacity.push_back(line.number_of_letter_groups());
+            self.positions
+                .extend(line_positions.map(|x| Vector2D::new(x.x as i16, x.y as i16)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create_layout<'a>(
+        font: &Font,
+        preprocessed: &'a Preprocessed,
+        settings: &'a LayoutSettings,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Line, impl Iterator<Item = Vector2D<i32>> + 'a)> + 'a {
+        let minimum_space_width = font.letter(' ').advance_width as i32;
+        let width = settings.area.x;
+        let line_height = font.line_height();
+
+        let mut head_position: Vector2D<Num<i32, 10>> = (0, -line_height).into();
+
+        preprocessed
+            .lines_element(width, minimum_space_width)
+            .map(move |(line, line_elements)| {
+                let line_settings = settings
+                    .alignment
+                    .settings(&line, minimum_space_width, width);
+
+                head_position.y += line_height;
+                head_position.x = line_settings.start_x.into();
+
+                (
+                    line,
+                    line_elements.filter_map(move |element| match element.decode() {
+                        PreprocessedElement::LetterGroup { width } => {
+                            let this_position = head_position;
+                            head_position.x += width as i32;
+                            Some(this_position.floor())
+                        }
+                        PreprocessedElement::WhiteSpace(space) => {
+                            match space {
+                                WhiteSpace::NewLine => {
+                                    head_position.y += settings.paragraph_spacing;
+                                }
+                                WhiteSpace::Space => head_position.x += line_settings.space_width,
+                            }
+                            None
+                        }
+                    }),
+                )
+            })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+struct LayoutSettings {
+    area: Vector2D<i32>,
+    alignment: TextAlignment,
+    paragraph_spacing: i32,
+}

agb/src/display/object/font/preprocess.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+use alloc::collections::VecDeque;
+
+use crate::display::Font;
+
+use super::WhiteSpace;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct PreprocessedElementEncoded(u8);
+
+impl PreprocessedElementEncoded {
+    pub(crate) fn decode(self) -> PreprocessedElement {
+        match self.0 {
+            255 => PreprocessedElement::WhiteSpace(WhiteSpace::NewLine),
+            254 => PreprocessedElement::WhiteSpace(WhiteSpace::Space),
+            width => PreprocessedElement::LetterGroup { width },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+
+pub(crate) enum PreprocessedElement {
+    LetterGroup { width: u8 },
+    WhiteSpace(WhiteSpace),
+}
+
+impl PreprocessedElement {
+    fn encode(self) -> PreprocessedElementEncoded {
+        PreprocessedElementEncoded(match self {
+            PreprocessedElement::LetterGroup { width } => width,
+            PreprocessedElement::WhiteSpace(space) => match space {
+                WhiteSpace::NewLine => 255,
+                WhiteSpace::Space => 254,
+            },
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Preprocessed {
+    widths: VecDeque<PreprocessedElementEncoded>,
+    preprocessor: Preprocessor,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct Preprocessor {
+    previous_character: Option<char>,
+    width_in_sprite: i32,
+}
+
+impl Preprocessor {
+    fn add_character(
+        &mut self,
+        font: &Font,
+        character: char,
+        sprite_width: i32,
+        widths: &mut VecDeque<PreprocessedElementEncoded>,
+    ) {
+        match character {
+            space @ (' ' | '\n') => {
+                if self.width_in_sprite != 0 {
+                    widths.push_back(
+                        PreprocessedElement::LetterGroup {
+                            width: self.width_in_sprite as u8,
+                        }
+                        .encode(),
+                    );
+                    self.width_in_sprite = 0;
+                }
+                widths.push_back(
+                    PreprocessedElement::WhiteSpace(WhiteSpace::from_char(space)).encode(),
+                );
+            }
+            letter => {
+                let letter = font.letter(letter);
+                if let Some(previous_character) = self.previous_character {
+                    self.width_in_sprite += letter.kerning_amount(previous_character);
+                }
+
+                if self.width_in_sprite + letter.width as i32 > sprite_width {
+                    widths.push_back(
+                        PreprocessedElement::LetterGroup {
+                            width: self.width_in_sprite as u8,
+                        }
+                        .encode(),
+                    );
+                    self.width_in_sprite = 0;
+                }
+                self.width_in_sprite += letter.xmin as i32;
+                if self.width_in_sprite < 0 {
+                    if let Some(back) = widths.back_mut() {
+                        back.0 -= (-self.width_in_sprite).try_into().unwrap_or(0);
+                    }
+                    self.width_in_sprite = 0;
+                }
+                self.width_in_sprite += letter.advance_width as i32;
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.previous_character = Some(character);
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct Lines<'preprocess> {
+    minimum_space_width: i32,
+    layout_width: i32,
+    data: &'preprocess VecDeque<PreprocessedElementEncoded>,
+    current_start_idx: usize,
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct Line {
+    width: i32,
+    number_of_text_elements: usize,
+    number_of_spaces: usize,
+    number_of_letter_groups: usize,
+}
+
+impl Line {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn width(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.width
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn number_of_text_elements(&self) -> usize {
+        self.number_of_text_elements
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn number_of_spaces(&self) -> usize {
+        self.number_of_spaces
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn number_of_letter_groups(&self) -> usize {
+        self.number_of_letter_groups
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iterator for Lines<'_> {
+    type Item = Line;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        if self.current_start_idx >= self.data.len() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let mut line_idx_length = 0;
+        let mut current_line_width_pixels = 0;
+        let mut spaces_after_last_word_count = 0usize;
+        let mut start_of_current_word = usize::MAX;
+        let mut length_of_current_word_pixels = 0;
+        let mut length_of_current_word = 0;
+        let mut number_of_spaces = 0;
+        let mut number_of_letter_groups = 0;
+
+        while let Some(next) = self.data.get(self.current_start_idx + line_idx_length) {
+            match next.decode() {
+                PreprocessedElement::LetterGroup { width } => {
+                    if start_of_current_word == usize::MAX {
+                        start_of_current_word = line_idx_length;
+                    }
+                    length_of_current_word_pixels += width as i32;
+                    length_of_current_word += 1;
+                    if current_line_width_pixels
+                        + length_of_current_word_pixels
+                        + spaces_after_last_word_count as i32 * self.minimum_space_width
+                        >= self.layout_width
+                    {
+                        line_idx_length = start_of_current_word;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                PreprocessedElement::WhiteSpace(space) => {
+                    if start_of_current_word != usize::MAX {
+                        // flush word
+                        current_line_width_pixels += length_of_current_word_pixels
+                            + spaces_after_last_word_count as i32 * self.minimum_space_width;
+                        number_of_spaces += spaces_after_last_word_count;
+                        number_of_letter_groups += length_of_current_word;
+
+                        // reset parser
+                        length_of_current_word_pixels = 0;
+                        length_of_current_word = 0;
+                        start_of_current_word = usize::MAX;
+                        spaces_after_last_word_count = 0;
+                    }
+
+                    match space {
+                        WhiteSpace::NewLine => {
+                            line_idx_length += 1;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        WhiteSpace::Space => {
+                            spaces_after_last_word_count += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            line_idx_length += 1;
+        }
+
+        self.current_start_idx += line_idx_length;
+
+        Some(Line {
+            width: current_line_width_pixels,
+            number_of_text_elements: line_idx_length,
+            number_of_spaces,
+            number_of_letter_groups,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Preprocessed {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+        Default::default()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn add_character(&mut self, font: &Font, c: char, sprite_width: i32) {
+        self.preprocessor
+            .add_character(font, c, sprite_width, &mut self.widths);
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn pop(&mut self, line: &Line) {
+        let elements = line.number_of_text_elements();
+        for _ in 0..elements {
+            self.widths.pop_front();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn lines(&self, layout_width: i32, minimum_space_width: i32) -> Lines<'_> {
+        Lines {
+            minimum_space_width,
+            layout_width,
+            data: &self.widths,
+            current_start_idx: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn lines_element(
+        &self,
+        layout_width: i32,
+        minimum_space_width: i32,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Line, impl Iterator<Item = PreprocessedElementEncoded> + '_)> {
+        let mut idx = 0;
+        self.lines(layout_width, minimum_space_width).map(move |x| {
+            let length = x.number_of_text_elements;
+
+            let d = self.widths.range(idx..(idx + length)).copied();
+            idx += length;
+            (x, d)
+        })
+    }
+}

agb/src/display/object/font/renderer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+use crate::display::{
+    object::{DynamicSprite, PaletteVram, Size, SpriteVram},
+    Font,
+};
+
+use super::ChangeColour;
+
+struct WorkingLetter {
+    dynamic: DynamicSprite,
+    // where to render the letter from x_min to x_max
+    x_offset: i32,
+}
+
+impl WorkingLetter {
+    fn new(size: Size) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            dynamic: DynamicSprite::new(size),
+            x_offset: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.x_offset = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Configuration {
+    sprite_size: Size,
+    palette: PaletteVram,
+}
+
+impl Configuration {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(sprite_size: Size, palette: PaletteVram) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sprite_size,
+            palette,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct WordRender {
+    working: WorkingLetter,
+    config: Configuration,
+    colour: usize,
+
+    previous_character: Option<char>,
+}
+
+impl WordRender {
+    pub(crate) fn sprite_width(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.config.sprite_size.to_width_height().0 as i32
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn new(config: Configuration) -> Self {
+        WordRender {
+            working: WorkingLetter::new(config.sprite_size),
+            config,
+            colour: 1,
+            previous_character: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn finalise_letter(&mut self) -> Option<SpriteVram> {
+        if self.working.x_offset == 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let mut new_sprite = DynamicSprite::new(self.config.sprite_size);
+        core::mem::swap(&mut self.working.dynamic, &mut new_sprite);
+        let sprite = new_sprite.to_vram(self.config.palette.clone());
+        self.working.reset();
+
+        Some(sprite)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub(crate) fn render_char(&mut self, font: &Font, c: char) -> Option<SpriteVram> {
+        if let Some(next_colour) = ChangeColour::try_from_char(c) {
+            self.colour = next_colour.0 as usize;
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let font_letter: &crate::display::FontLetter = font.letter(c);
+
+        if let Some(previous_character) = self.previous_character {
+            self.working.x_offset += font_letter.kerning_amount(previous_character);
+        }
+        self.previous_character = Some(c);
+
+        // uses more than the sprite can hold
+        let group = if self.working.x_offset + font_letter.width as i32
+            > self.config.sprite_size.to_width_height().0 as i32
+        {
+            self.finalise_letter()
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        self.working.x_offset += font_letter.xmin as i32;
+        self.working.x_offset = self.working.x_offset.max(0);
+
+        let y_position = font.ascent() - font_letter.height as i32 - font_letter.ymin as i32;
+
+        for y in 0..font_letter.height as usize {
+            for x in 0..font_letter.width as usize {
+                let rendered = font_letter.bit_absolute(x, y);
+                if rendered {
+                    self.working.dynamic.set_pixel(
+                        x + self.working.x_offset as usize,
+                        (y_position + y as i32) as usize,
+                        self.colour,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.working.x_offset += font_letter.advance_width as i32;
+
+        group
+    }
+}

agb/src/display/object/managed.rs

@@ -396,6 +396,7 @@ impl Object<'_> {
     }
 
     /// Sets the horizontal flip, note that this only has a visible affect in Normal mode.  
+    /// Use [hflip](Self::hflip) to get the value
     pub fn set_hflip(&mut self, flip: bool) -> &mut Self {
         // safety: only have one of these, doesn't modify slotmap
         unsafe { self.object().set_hflip(flip) };
@@ -403,7 +404,15 @@ impl Object<'_> {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Returns the horizontal flip
+    /// Use [set_hflip](Self::set_hflip) to set the value
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn hflip(&self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { self.object_shared().hflip() }
+    }
+
     /// Sets the vertical flip, note that this only has a visible affect in Normal mode.  
+    /// Use [vflip](Self::vflip) to get the value
     pub fn set_vflip(&mut self, flip: bool) -> &mut Self {
         // safety: only have one of these, doesn't modify slotmap
         unsafe { self.object().set_vflip(flip) };
@@ -411,7 +420,15 @@ impl Object<'_> {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Returns the vertical flip
+    /// Use [set_vflip](Self::set_vflip) to set the value
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn vflip(&self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { self.object_shared().vflip() }
+    }
+
     /// Sets the priority of the object relative to the backgrounds priority.  
+    /// Use [priority](Self::priority) to get the value
     pub fn set_priority(&mut self, priority: Priority) -> &mut Self {
         // safety: only have one of these, doesn't modify slotmap
         unsafe { self.object().set_priority(priority) };
@@ -419,6 +436,13 @@ impl Object<'_> {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Returns the priority of the object  
+    /// Use [set_priority](Self::set_priority) to set the value
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn priority(&self) -> Priority {
+        unsafe { self.object_shared().priority() }
+    }
+
     /// Changes the sprite mode to be hidden, can be changed to Normal or Affine
     /// modes using [`show`][Object::show] and
     /// [`show_affine`][Object::show_affine] respectively.
@@ -430,6 +454,8 @@ impl Object<'_> {
     }
 
     /// Sets the x position of the object.  
+    /// Use [x](Self::x) to get the value  
+    /// Use [set_position](Self::set_position) to set both `x` and `y`
     pub fn set_x(&mut self, x: u16) -> &mut Self {
         // safety: only have one of these, doesn't modify slotmap
         unsafe { self.object().set_x(x) };
@@ -437,7 +463,16 @@ impl Object<'_> {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Returns the x position of the object  
+    /// Use [set_x](Self::set_x) to set the value
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn x(&self) -> u16 {
+        unsafe { self.object_shared().x() }
+    }
+
     /// Sets the y position of the object.  
+    /// Use [y](Self::y) to get the value  
+    /// Use [set_position](Self::set_position) to set both `x` and `y`
     pub fn set_y(&mut self, y: u16) -> &mut Self {
         // safety: only have one of these, doesn't modify slotmap
         unsafe { self.object().set_y(y) };
@@ -445,14 +480,29 @@ impl Object<'_> {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Returns the y position of the object  
+    /// Use [set_y](Self::set_y) to set the value
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn y(&self) -> u16 {
+        unsafe { self.object_shared().y() }
+    }
+
     /// Sets the position of the object.  
-    pub fn set_position(&mut self, position: Vector2D<i32>) -> &mut Self {
+    /// Use [position](Self::position) to get the value
+    pub fn set_position(&mut self, position: impl Into<Vector2D<i32>>) -> &mut Self {
         // safety: only have one of these, doesn't modify slotmap
-        unsafe { self.object().set_position(position) };
+        unsafe { self.object().set_position(position.into()) };
 
         self
     }
 
+    /// Returns the position of the object  
+    /// Use [set_position](Self::set_position) to set the value
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn position(&self) -> Vector2D<i32> {
+        unsafe { self.object_shared().position() }
+    }
+
     /// Sets the affine matrix. This only has an affect in Affine mode.
     pub fn set_affine_matrix(&mut self, affine_matrix: AffineMatrixInstance) -> &mut Self {
         // safety: only have one of these, doesn't modify slotmap
@@ -478,9 +528,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
 
-    const TEST_SPRITES: &Graphics = include_aseprite!("examples/gfx/tall.aseprite");
+    static TEST_SPRITES: &Graphics = include_aseprite!("examples/gfx/tall.aseprite");
 
-    const TEST_SPRITE: &Sprite = &TEST_SPRITES.sprites()[0];
+    static TEST_SPRITE: &Sprite = &TEST_SPRITES.sprites()[0];
 
     #[test_case]
     fn test_always_ordered(gba: &mut crate::Gba) {